1、高考英語短文改錯考點分析通過對歷屆高考英語短文改錯題的深入研究和反復比較，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：高考英語短文改錯的設錯(即考點)很有規(guī)律，并且呈現(xiàn)出極強的穩(wěn)定性。常規(guī)考點主要集中在動詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞、各類從句引導詞、行文邏輯等方面。進一步的研究還表明：動詞：主要考查時態(tài)(每年必有)、非謂語動詞(每年必有)、語態(tài)(有時有)等方面。冠詞：主要考查基本用法(冠詞設錯幾乎每年都有)。介詞：主要考查介詞的習慣搭配(比如與名詞搭配、與動詞搭配、尤其是與形容詞的搭配等，介詞設錯幾乎每年都有)。名詞：主要考查其可數(shù)性或單復數(shù)的使用情況等(幾乎每年都有)。形容詞：主要考查比較等級、搭配、修飾、用法區(qū)

2、別等(形容詞設錯幾乎每年都有)。副詞：主要考查副詞修飾其他詞的正確性，有時也考查搭配與行文邏輯方面的問題等。代詞：主要考查前后指代的一致性以及某些習慣用法等。并列連詞：并列連詞考查主要涉及行文邏輯。各類從句：包括狀語從句、名詞性從句、定語從句等。主要考查各類從句的引導詞的正確使用問題(大部分年份有)。1高考英語短文改錯考點類析非謂語動詞一、考點規(guī)律分析短文改錯對非謂語動詞的考查主要涉及不定式符號 to 的有無，介詞后該使用動詞的什么形式(用動名詞)，并列結構中幾個非謂語動詞是否一致，動詞用作主語時用何種形式(可用動名詞或不定式，但不能用動詞原形)等。二、真題單句歸納(1) David and

3、I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. (wanted 后加 to，因為want 后要接不定式) (全國卷)(2) rather than go into the forest and getting lost. (getting 改 get，因為 get 與其前的go 并列) (全國卷)(3) David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village. (leading 改為 lead，因為其前

4、有助動詞 would) (全國卷)(4) I went back to get David and helped him to stood up. (stood 改為 stand，因為 to stand up 在此為不定式結構) (全國卷)(5) Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. (climbed 改為 climb / climbing，若將 as well as 視為連詞，則將 climbed 改為 climb，因為它與其前的 do 并列；若將 as well as 視為介詞

5、，則 climbing，因為介詞后動詞用動名詞) (全國卷)(6) Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. (去掉live 前的 to，因為 live 與其前的 know, have 并列) (全國卷)(7) The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. (improve前加to，to impro

6、ve為表目的的不定式短語) (全國卷)(8) you pay the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will write to you. (send改為sending，因為介詞后接動名詞作賓語) (全國卷)(9) and let you to know when the book you want has returned (去掉 know 前的 to，因為其前有動詞 let) (全國卷)(10) I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays.

7、 (have改為having，因為介詞后接動名詞作賓語) (全國卷)(11) I had always wanted return to the village after moving away. (return前加 to，因為 want 后要接不定式) (全國卷)(12) It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. (drove改為 drive，因為 drive 與其前的 to meet 并列，此處的 drive 為省略 to 的不定式) (全國卷)(13) I

8、 look forward to hear from you soon. (hear改為 hearing，因為其前的 to 是介詞) (全國卷)(14) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit. (第一個play改為 playing，因為動詞原形不能用作主語) (全國卷)(15) I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands ve

9、ry little effort. (watch改為 watching，因為動詞原形不能用作主語) (全國卷)(16) Id like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning. (come 前加 to，因為 would like 后接不定式) (北京春季卷)(17) Ill spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. (prepare 改為 preparing，因為它與其前的 reading 并列，與其前所用的動詞 spend 有關) (北京春季卷)(18)

10、 But then there is always more mysteries look into. (look 前加 to，此處為不定式作后置定語) (北京春季卷)(19) After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me. (learn 改為learning，因為介詞后接動名詞作賓語) (北京春季卷)(20) My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a go

11、od education. (make 前加 to，因為 to make 在此用作目的狀語，注意句型 do all one can to do sth) (全國卷)(21) He did not want share things with other people. (want 后加 to，因為want 后要接不定式) (北京春季卷)(22) That is, a game of tennis making him very busy. (making 改為made，因為缺謂語，不能用非謂語形式，根據(jù)上下文用一般過去時) (北京春季卷)(23) As we climbed the mount

12、ain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改為 visited，因為它與其前的 fed 和其后的 told 并列) (全國卷)(24) But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. (go 改為 going，因為動詞原形不能用作主語) (安徽春季卷)(25) children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy thems

13、elves. (read 改為 reading，因為介詞后要接動名詞) (年北京春季卷)(26) to make children to want things that they dont really need.(去掉 want 前的 to，因為 want在此用作使役動詞 make 的賓語補足語) (年北京春季卷)(27) Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. (talk 改為 talking，因為動詞 enjoy 后要接動名詞

14、作賓語) (全國卷)(28) Shake her head, she said, “It isnt a good time to do that, dear.” (Shake 改為 Shaking，現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨) (江蘇卷)(29) Its like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books. (have 改為 having，介詞后用動名詞作賓語) (廣西卷)(30) I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British

15、 Museum and some parks. (visit 改為 visiting，因visit與making并列，作介詞of的賓語) (四川卷)(31) I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.(giving 改為 given，“把某物給某人”是give sth to sb；句中records與give是被動關系，故用過去分詞)(32) I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls. (

16、give改為giving，因它與standing并列，作dream of的賓語)三、模擬單句演練(1) In those days we were forced work twelve hours a day.(2) Its very difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese.(3) It was silly of you believe what he said.(4) He was made wash the bosss car once a day.(5) Ill let you to know as soon as I hear from her.

17、(6) I waved to her but failed attract her attention.(7) I have already seen the film twice. I dont want see it any more.(8) What I want know is when all this happened.(9) It was clear that he wanted be alone.(10) Most children are interested in listen to stories.(11) Walk quickly is difficult for an

18、 old man.(13) Be careful in cross the street. (14) The film is very interesting. It is worth see twice.(15) Find work is very difficult these days.(16) Most of us students enjoy ask questions in English.(17) Look, some of my classmates are practising speak English over there.(18) Teach a child to si

19、ng and dance is very interesting.(19) Learn to speak English is more difficult than to write it.(20) My friend Jim is very good at making things and repair things.(21) He decided to go to the south, find a good job and living there.(22) It was very kind of you to buy us some much fruit and seeing us

20、 at the station.(23) Excuse me, would you to tell me the way to the zoo?【參考答案】(1) work 前加 to，此句為 force sb to do sth 的被動形式。(2) learn 前加 to，此句用的是 its difficult for sb to do sth 句型。(3) believe 前加 to，此句用的是 its silly of sb to do sth 句型。(4) wash 前加 to，make sb do sth 中的 do 不能帶to，但若 make 用于被動語態(tài)，則其后的 do 要帶 t

21、o。(5) 去掉 to，因為 let 后用作賓語補足語的不定式不能帶 to。(6) attract 前加 to，fail to do sth 意為“未能做某事”。(7) see 前加 to，want(想要)后接動詞要用不定式。(8) know 前加 to，want(想要)后接動詞要用不定式。(9) be 前加 to，want(想要)后接動詞要用不定式。(10) listen 改為 listening，介詞后接動名詞作賓語。(12) Walk 改為 Walking，用作主語要用動名詞，不用動詞原形。注意不能將 walk 視為名詞，因為其后有副詞修飾語 quickly。(from www.nmet

22、168.com)(13) cross 改為 crossing，介詞后接動名詞作賓語。(14) see 改為 seeing，worth 后接動詞要用動名詞形式。(15) Find 改為 Finding，用作主語要用動名詞，不用動詞原形。(16) ask 改為 asking，enjoy 后接動詞作賓語要用動名詞形式。(17) speak 改為 speaking，practise 后接動詞作賓語要用動名詞形式。(18) Teach 改為 Teaching，用作主語要用動名詞，不用動詞原形。(19) Learn 改為 Learning，用作主語要用動名詞，不用動詞原形。(20) repair 改為 r

23、epairing，因它與 making 并列，一起用作介詞 at 的賓語。(21) living 改為 live，因它與其前的 go to, find 并列。(22) seeing 改為 see，因它與 to buy 并列，see 為省略 to 的不定式。(23) 去掉 tell 前的 to，因 would you 后應接動詞原形，不接不定式。短文改錯專項訓練非謂語動詞類錯誤1. A lot of money has been spent to buy the book.2. You will have to pay the cost of send a postcard.3. What he

24、 did was puzzled.4. I will spend a week reading and prepare for the examination.5. Charles and Linda do all of these things as well as climbed buildings.6. Yesterday I had my bad tooth pulling out. 7. I heard her singing a song which moved me to tears.8. I made a terrible mistake. I regretted not to

25、 take your advice. 9. When we reached the top of the mountain, we stopped having a rest before we went down the mountain.10. Therell be a good film tonight, remember seeing it on time!11. The game was over, she went home.12. When speaking, you must make yourself hear.13. She pretended not seeing me

26、when I came in.14. Abraham Lincoln was considered being one of the greatest of all American presidents.15. Following by the officers, the general inspected the army.16. There is something wrong with my computer, and it needs repaired.17. Dont burn the falling leaves on the ground.18. Losing in thoug

27、ht, he almost ran into a car in front of him.19. I enjoy to listen to the classic music.20. Judge by what he wears, he is a farmer.【答案與解析】1. to buy改為buying。2. send改為sending。介詞of后要求用動名詞作賓語。3. puzzled改為puzzling。puzzling表示“令人疑惑不解的”意思。4. prepare改為preparing。preparing和前面的 reading是并列結構。5. climbed改為climbing

28、。as well as是介詞短語，后面接動名詞或名詞。6. pulling改為pulled。have the tooth pulled out表示“請人拔牙”的意思。7. singing改為sing。從后面可以看出來，“我”聽完了整首歌曲，強調(diào)動作的全過程，用不定式作賓補。8. to take改為taking。用動名詞表示對已發(fā)生過的事情的后悔。9. having改為to have。stop的目的是have a rest。10. seeing改為to see。還未看電影。11. was改為being。獨立主格結構。12. hear改為heard。make oneself heard意為“使別人

29、聽到自己的話”。13. seeing改為to see。pretend后面要求接不定式作賓語。14. being改為to be。consider后用不定式作賓補。15. following改為followed。過去分詞表被動。16. repaired 改為repairing。動名詞主動形式，表被動意義。17. falling改為fallen。過去分詞作定語，強調(diào)動作的完成。18. losing改為lost。be lost in thought 表示“陷入深思”。19. to listen改為listening。enjoy后面用動名詞作賓語。20. Judge改為Judging。Judging b

30、y為一固定說法。2短文改錯專項訓練語態(tài)與語氣類錯誤A. 語態(tài)錯誤1. He insisted on sending to work in Tibet.2. In some countries, tea is serving with milk and sugar.3. This film will is shown this evening.4. Many trees have planted every year.5. The piece of cloth is felt smoth.【答案與解析】1. sending 改為being sent。動名詞用被動形式。2. serving 改為s

31、erved。3. is 改為be。4. have 改為 are。5. Is felt改為feels。不用被動語態(tài)。B. 語氣錯誤1. It is high time you leave for Shanghai.2. She suggests that her brother not goes to college.3. The judge insisted that the spy was put in prison.4. How I wish I am as strong as you.5. It is necessary that the patient is sent to hospi

32、tal right away.6. If he hadnt been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now. 7. If I am you, I would give him a good beating.【答案與解析】1. leave改為left。It is time后面的從句動詞要用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式。2. goes改為go。suggest表示“建議”，后面的賓語從句用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用原形。3. was改為be。賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。4. am改為were。wish后面的賓語從句需用虛擬語氣。5. 第二個is

33、改為be。主語從句要用虛擬語氣。6. will 改為would。此處要用虛擬語氣。7. am 改為were。這是一個與現(xiàn)在情況相反的一個假設，要用虛擬語氣。3高考英語短文改錯考點類析時態(tài)一、考點規(guī)律分析動詞時態(tài)考點主要涉及一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去的區(qū)別，其命題方式通常是在一個一般現(xiàn)在時的背景下誤用某個一般過去時；或者反過來，在一個一般過去時的背景下誤用某個一般現(xiàn)在時。從所涉及的動詞來看，主要涉及be 和 have兩個常用動詞。有時也涉及其他時態(tài)，如一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等，但很少見。二、真題單句歸納(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the c

34、ar stop(stop改為stopped) (全國卷)(2) and had returned to the car! Bill is standing at the side of the car (is 改為 was) (全國卷)(3) Two months ago they were back in America. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the(hurry 改為 hurried) (全國卷)(4) Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (第二個is 改

35、為 was) (全國卷)(5) Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases. (had 改為 have) (全國卷)(6) Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. (cost 改為 costs) (全國卷)(7) If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you. (去掉 will) (全國卷)(8) I h

36、ad always wanted to return to the village after moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again. (is 改為 was) (全國卷)(9) They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing together. (have 改為 had) (全國卷)(10) I learn about you from my English teacher,

37、Miss Fang. (learn 改為learned) (全國卷)(11) My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. (was 改為 is) (全國卷)(12) I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing and there was no way of settling the matter except by selling the set. (am 改為 was) (全國卷)(1

38、3) Id like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. It is a very (had 改為have) (北京春)(14) I remembered her words and calm down. (calm改為calmed)(全國卷)(15) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to (did 改為 do) (全國卷)(16) He said he is busy. (is

39、改為 was) (北京春)(17) On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. (passes 改為 passed) (全國卷)(18) But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son. (was 改為 is) (

40、安徽卷)(19) At once I apologize and controlled myseff at my best till the dinner started.(apologize改為 apologized) (江蘇卷)(20) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. (talked改為 talk) (全國卷)(21) She stopped to look out of the window and find a cloud

41、 of smoke coming out of her neighbors house. (find改為 found) (福建卷)(22) We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. (treat改為 treated) (天津卷)(23 I am always young when I was staying with them. (am改為 was) (湖北卷)三、模擬單句演練(1) Just now Jim tells me his mother was ill.(2) I pho

42、ne the other students a moment ago.(3) We often played together when we are children.(4) What are you doing when I called you?(5) I see you in the park. You were talking to a pretty girl.(6) She doesnt hear the doorbell, for she was watching TV.(7) Well stay at home playing cards if it will rain tom

43、orrow. (8) Please let me know if you will have any trouble.(9) He hurt his back when he is playing football with his classmates.(10) Ill write to him when I finished the book.(11) Charles worked hard since leaving school. (12) In fact, I am very thin when I was young.(13) He is kind to me. Although

44、he is very busy, he still came to see me. (14) How long have you been here? How did you like our city?(15) As is known to us all, the earth turned around the sun.(16) Im interested in English, so I spoke it better than the others do. (17) Dont worry about it. I promise you I come to help you.(18) No

45、w everything is dear. Even a small piece of bread cost one yuan.(19) Remember to turn off the lights before you will leave. (20) I forget to tell him the news. Shall we telephone him now?【參考答案】(1) tell 改為 told，因句中有表過去的時間狀語just now(剛剛)。(2) phone 改為 phoned，因句中有表過去的時間狀語a moment ago。(3) are 改為 were，因主句謂

46、語為一般過去時。(4) are 改為 were，因從句謂語為一般過去時。(5) see 改為 saw，因下文用了 were talking。(6) doesnt 改為 didnt，因下文用了 was watching。(7) 去掉if從句中的 will，因條件狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。(8) 去掉 will，因條件狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。(9) is 改為 was，因主句中的hurt為一般過去時。(10) finished 改為finish，或在 finished 前加 have。即在時間狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義，但這里也可用現(xiàn)在完成時表示完成。(11) wo

47、rked 前加has，句中的 since 表示“自從以來一直”，即表示從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。(12) am 改為 was，根據(jù)從句中的一般過去時可知 am 應改為 was。(13) came 改為 comes，根據(jù)前面的兩處一般現(xiàn)在時可知。(14) did 改為 do，根據(jù)前面的現(xiàn)在完成時可知“你”現(xiàn)在還在我們城市，故后面一句問的是“你”現(xiàn)在對我們城市的看法。(from )(15) turned 改為 turns。本句敘述的是客觀真理，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。(16) spoke 改為 speak。全句敘述的是現(xiàn)在的情況。(17) come 前加 w

48、ill，根據(jù)句意，此處應是將來時態(tài)。(18) cost 改為 costs，句子講述的是現(xiàn)在的一般情況。(19) 去掉 will，時間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。(20) forget 改為 forgot，根據(jù)句意，此題的“忘記”應是指過去忘記。短文改錯專項訓練時態(tài)類錯誤1. He said that he will see you off at the airport the next day.2. When he will come back， Ill let you know.3. He said that he has had the bike for two years.4.

49、I work on a farm in North China in the 1970s.5. A new bridge was being built in our city at present.6. I finished my homework before I left school.7. I feel regretful now that I dont study hard when I was in my high school.8. If I am you, I would do it.9. She buys a bike yesterday.10. I come here in

50、 two days.11. I dont think we met before.12. He taught here for six years since he came to this town.13. My sister said that she would call me but I didnt hear from her so far.14. I am tired because I had been working all day.15. Look! Here the bus coming.16. I meet him in other time.17. By this tim

51、e tomorrow we have finished the work.18. Sometimes I will get up at eight in the morning.19. We have to cancel the match if it will rain tomorrow.20. I didnt see my best friend for nearly two years.【答案與解析】1. will改為would。賓語從句要用過去將來時態(tài)。2. will come改為comes。時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。3. has改為had。賓語從句需用過去完成時。4. work

52、改為worked。此句要用一般過去時態(tài)。5. was 改為is。從at present可知，此句用現(xiàn)在進行時。6. finish前加had。離開學校是過去時態(tài)，在此之前完成就應用過去完成時。7. dont改為didnt。定語從句表示的是過去時態(tài)。此句要用一般過去時。8. am改為were。此句為虛擬語氣，要用過去時。9.buys改為bought。從yesterday可知，要用一般過去時。10. come改為will come。從in the two days可知，謂語動詞要用一般將來時。11. met前加have。Before是表示過去，應用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。12. taught改為has tau

53、ght。表示過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)，應用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)來表示。13. didnt改為havent。so far 迄今為止，用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。14. had改為have。從am 可看出是現(xiàn)在時，其句中給出all day，應用現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)。15. coming改為comes。Here, there放在句首構成倒裝時，其時態(tài)只用于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。16. meet改為met。in other times從前，所以謂語動詞要用一般過去時態(tài)。17. have 前加shall。強調(diào)在將來某時刻為止時完成是某動作，應用將來完成時態(tài)。18.去掉will。Sometime

54、s有時，暗示句子要用一般現(xiàn)在時。19. will rain改為rains。If引導的條件狀語從句，要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。20. didnt saw 改為havent seen。For nearly two years 暗示謂語動詞要用現(xiàn)在完成時。4高考英語短文改錯考點類析介詞一、考點規(guī)律分析短文改錯對介詞的考查主要涉及在及物動詞后接賓語時誤加介詞和在不及物動詞后接賓語時漏加介詞、可直接用作狀語的副詞短語前誤加介詞、介詞與其他詞的常用搭配、常用介詞的基本用法、習語中的介詞用法等。二、真題單句歸納(1) Bill insisted in staying near the car. (in 改為 o

55、n，insist on 為固定搭配) (全國卷)(2) Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. (at 改為 of，catch sight of是習語，意為“看見”) (全國卷)(3) When I have free time I go a long walk. (go 后加 for，go for a walk 是習語) (全國卷)(4) When they came down the police were angry to them. (to 改為 with，要表示對某人生氣，英語習慣上用be angry with sb) (全國卷

56、)(5) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (去掉 for，因其前的 get 是及物動詞) (全國卷)(6) and some books, for example, books for history, science, cooking and gardening are also popular. (books for 改為 books on，此處的 on 意為“關于”) (全國卷)(7) I never knew about a ride d

57、own a river could be so exciting. (去掉 about 或?qū)?about 改為 that，因動詞 knew 后可直接跟賓語從句，無需用介詞) (全國卷)(8) It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. (for 改為 of，注意句型 Its kind of sb to do sth) (全國卷)(9) In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year. (去掉 in，在由 next, this, last 等構成的時間短語中，一般可直接用作時間狀語，無需加 in, on, at 這樣的介詞) (全國卷)(10) We practise for three times every week. (去掉 for，在表示頻率的名詞前通常不加介詞) (全國卷)(11) We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (instead 后加 of，instead of 為復合介詞，在此表示“而不是”) (全國卷)(12