1、,高考時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)例析 及解題策略,過去,現(xiàn)在,將來,時(shí)態(tài),高考題,鞏固 題1,鞏固 題2,主動(dòng),被動(dòng),語態(tài),2006-2010高考時(shí)態(tài)考查點(diǎn),高考重點(diǎn)考查的時(shí)態(tài) 1. 一般現(xiàn)在 2. 一般過去 3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行 4. 過去進(jìn)行 5. 現(xiàn)在完成 6. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行 7. 過去完成 (過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)考查較少) 8. 一般將來 (將來進(jìn)行時(shí), 將來完成時(shí)),He goes to Shanghai every week. He is going to Shanghai (now). He went to Shanghai last week. He was going to Shanghai at t

2、his time yesterday. He has gone to Shanghai. / He has been to Shanghai. He had gone to Shanghai before his father returned. He is to go to Shanghai next week. He has been going to Shanghai during the past months.,now , often, last week, at this time yesterday, before his father arrived home, next we

3、ek , during the past two months,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在,I learned that the earth around the sun when I was in primary school.,If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，代替一般將來時(shí)；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有： 時(shí)間：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute; Eg: When Bill comes

4、(不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 條件：if, unless, provided.,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),goes,考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。,1）The train _at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus start? It _in ten minutes.,leaves,starts,If you will accept my invitation, my family will be pleased. 注意：由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿

5、”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。,2）倒裝句（由here，there開頭的句子，動(dòng)詞用一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作） Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.,考點(diǎn)三：下列動(dòng)詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return，open , close的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。這主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。,What are you going to do this afternoon? I am going to the c

6、inema with some friends. The film _quite early, so we _to the bookstore after that. (2005重慶） A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes ; are going D. finishes ; go,C,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),The house is _(build)these days. The little boy is always making trouble.,考點(diǎn)一：與頻率副詞，如always，constantly，continually等連用表示

7、說話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。 He is always thinking of his work (贊許) 他老是把東西亂扔。 He is constantly leaving his things about.（不滿） 他老愛說大話。 He is always boasting (厭煩),being built,The boy is always coming late to school. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)可以表示反復(fù)多次或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。 Jim is nodding his head. 吉姆頻頻點(diǎn)頭。 The train is arriving late almost ever

8、y day this winter. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)更多是考查其被動(dòng)語態(tài)：be being done,考點(diǎn)二： 表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 ,僅限于少量動(dòng)詞：go, come ,leave , start , arrive , return , stay , do, have, see sb off Are you staying here till next week?,工作進(jìn)行的怎么樣？ 工作進(jìn)行的相當(dāng)順利。 你進(jìn)步很快。 我們想在這里建一座水壩。 風(fēng)挺大 有人找你接電話。,How are you getting on with your work? The work is going

9、 fairly smoothly. Youre making rapid progress. Were thinking of building a dam here. Its blowing hard. Someone is asking for you on the phone.,注意：下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 （A）表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。 （B）表存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear, exist, lie, remain, s

10、eem， belong to，depend on。 （C）表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。 （D）表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。,考點(diǎn)一：for + 時(shí)間段；since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),考點(diǎn)二：常見的不確定的時(shí)間狀語：lately; recently,

11、just, already, yet, ever, never, up to now; till now; so far, these days, once, twice, three times Has it stopped raining yet ?,考點(diǎn)三：在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/ 年/ 月以來”時(shí)間狀語中，謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 in/ over / during the past few years/months/weeks/days； for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等,考點(diǎn)四：用于現(xiàn)在

12、完成時(shí)的句型 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 1） This/That / It is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。,這是我看過的最好的電影。 This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 2） This/That / It is the best (worst, most interesting, only ) +名詞 t

13、hat” 后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。,since的四種用法 since +過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段時(shí)間+ ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +從句 Great changes have taken place since you left. 4) It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句 It is two years since I became a post

14、graduate student.,have /has been 表示曾到過某地（現(xiàn)在回來了） have /has gone 表示已經(jīng)到某地去了（現(xiàn)在不在說話處）,他去過北京。 他到北京去了。,He has been to Beijing.,He has gone to Beijing.,典型例題 (1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) -Have you _ been to our town befo

15、re? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come,B.,D,注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。 （錯(cuò)）I have received his letter for a month. （對(duì)）I havent received his letter for almost a month,典型例題 1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her seve

16、ral times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 答案B. 首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。,2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案A. 等待的動(dòng)作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間著眼點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在 1. 與過去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別

17、I have seen the film./ I saw the film last week. 2. 注意與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分 I have read the story. I have been reading the story. 3. 注意與過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分 I _ (live) in London for ten years before I moved to China. I _(live) in London for ten years. . I _(live) in London for years , but Ive never regretted my final d

18、ecision to move back to China.,had lived,have lived,lived,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 1. 動(dòng)作的重復(fù)（指斷斷續(xù)續(xù)，而非一直不停） Weve been making the same mistake several times this term. He _ late to school since his mother fell ill. A. had come B. has come C. has been coming D. had been coming 2. Dont get off the bus until the bus stops

19、. / has stopped.,C,一般過去時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),過去完成時(shí),過去,He told me he _(read)an interesting novel last night . 如果從句中有一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間狀語，盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。,一般過去時(shí)的考點(diǎn)分析（考核重點(diǎn)）。 表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與表示過去具體的時(shí)間狀語連用（或有上下文語境暗示）；用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事 I met her in the street yesterday. He used to smoke a lot. I thought th

20、e film would be interesting, but it isnt.,read,Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。,表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語連接， 如but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment The moment sh

21、e came in, she told me what had happened to her. He bought a watch but lost it.,（錯(cuò)） （對(duì)）,1. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (18471931) _ the world leading inventor for sixty years. (2004遼寧) A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was 2. We could have walked to the station; it was so near. Ye

22、s. A taxi _at all necessary. (92MET) A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wont be,D,A,The radio _when you called me. -what were you doing this time yesterday? -W e _in the lab.,過去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. What were you doing at

23、 nine last night?,was being repaired,were working,1. Tom _into the house when no one _. (92MET) A. slipped ; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked 2. Has he painted his new house ? I have no idea. He _（paint) it this afternoon.,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示未完成的動(dòng)作。而過去時(shí)態(tài) 則表示完成。（

24、難點(diǎn)）,A,was painting,過去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析（考核重點(diǎn)） 句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來不孤立使用 (by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. It was three years since we had been there.,考點(diǎn)一：表示“一就”的幾個(gè)句型： Ha

25、rdly / Scarcely / No sooner had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + when / before/ than + 一般過去時(shí) We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. （注意主謂倒裝）,考點(diǎn)二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時(shí)， 從句用過去完成時(shí)。 That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. It was 3 years since

26、 we had parted。,考點(diǎn)三：表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ thought / wanted / expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞過去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned + to have done。 I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see you but I was too busy.,典型例題： The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get

27、 a book she _ in the office. A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D.were writing, had left,考點(diǎn)四： “時(shí)間名詞 + before”在句子中作狀語，用于間接引語中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)； “時(shí)間名詞 + ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去式。 He said his parents had died ten years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.,D,A dozen ideas

28、 were considered before the chief architect decided on the design of the building . (2006上海） before, after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句由于連詞本身的詞義已經(jīng)把動(dòng)作的時(shí)間關(guān)系表達(dá)清楚所以從句動(dòng)詞也可用一般過去時(shí)替代過去完成時(shí)。 She _her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. (2004重慶) A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. wa

29、s changing,一般將來時(shí),將來進(jìn)行時(shí),將來完成時(shí),將來,一般將來時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析 表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。 Well die without air or water. be going to與will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及區(qū)別： be going to 表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，這種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備； shall / will do表示未事先考慮過，即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。,(正確) (錯(cuò)誤),If it is fine, well go fishing. If it is fine, we are goi

30、ng to go fishing. 注意：be going to 表將來，不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中；而will則能,3.be to do sth. 表按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作/不可避免地將要發(fā)生的事，命中注定的事。 A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock tomorrow. 4.be about to do sth. 表示“正打算,就要”后不帶表示將來的時(shí)間的狀語。常與when形成句型：was / were about to do sth when正要做某事這時(shí)突然。 Autumn harvest is about to start. 5.be do

31、ing 表示按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，多用于位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如go , come, leave, start, arrive, take, fly, return, move 等。 6. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示根據(jù)時(shí)刻表要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常見動(dòng)詞: start, end, close, take, come, go, leave等。,將來進(jìn)行時(shí) 表將來某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。 明天這會(huì)我正在寫作業(yè)。 Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow.,7.“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語用一般將來時(shí)。 Us

32、e your head and you will find a way.,將來完成時(shí) 表在將來某時(shí)刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情，時(shí)間狀語非常明顯。 考點(diǎn)一：常用的時(shí)間狀語一般用by+將來的時(shí)間。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. By the time you reach the station, the train.,will have left,考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，將來完成時(shí)則由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示。 The children will do their homework the momen

33、t they have arrived back from school.,一般過去時(shí)和過去完成的用法區(qū)別 1.一般過去時(shí)是對(duì)現(xiàn)在說話時(shí)刻而言的,過去完成時(shí)則是對(duì)過去某一時(shí)刻而言.兩種時(shí)態(tài)建立的時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)不同,對(duì)過去完成時(shí)來說,這一個(gè)時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)十分重要,它是過去完成概念賴以建立的基礎(chǔ),也是和一般過去時(shí)相區(qū)別的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn). 2.過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語常用by和before引導(dǎo)的短語表示,如by that time ,by the end of .,before 2000,by the time +句子等.,過去完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 1.兩種時(shí)態(tài)都常與一段時(shí)間和狀語連用,但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到

34、現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動(dòng)作(句中不可有表示過去特定時(shí)間的狀語),而過去完成時(shí)表示的是在過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作(句中有表示過去特定時(shí)間的狀語). 2.比較下面的說法 She had been ill for a week before she came back. 她在回來之前就生病一個(gè)星期了. (回來發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)間,發(fā)病發(fā)生在過去的過去) She has been ill for a week. 她生病一個(gè)星期了.(現(xiàn)在仍在生病),二. 解題策略 要點(diǎn)一. 時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞 the other day, in the past, in the past years (during

35、 the past / over the past ), ever since (), up to now , so far, by the end of last year / next year etc.,時(shí)態(tài)解題策略 一. 時(shí)間提示 1. Over the past decades, sea ice _ in the Arctic as a result of global warming . (2009浙江) A. had decreased B. decreased C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing 2. An awful acciden

36、t _, however, occur the other day. A. does B. did C. has to D. had to,C,B,二. 固定句式類 Its the second time that I _ (visit) the Summer Palace. Its time that we _(get) down to marking the papers. Id rather I _ at home now. (be) Id rather you _ tomorrow. (come) Id rather I _ the film last night. (see) I h

37、adnt slept long when the baby began to cry.,have visited,went,was,came,had seen,三. 時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) 1. I have been told that the meeting _. (put off) 2. I was told the meeting _. 3. Can you tell me when he _ back tomorrow. (come) I was, have always been and will forever be your devoted friend. 1. Scientists thi

38、nk that the continents _always where they _today. (2005北京) A. arent; are B. arent; were C. werent; are D. werent ; were 2. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storm. (2005遼寧) A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called,

39、has been put off,had been put off,will come,C,B,主動(dòng),被動(dòng),語態(tài),考點(diǎn)一：不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞和詞組 come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong to , break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed It took place before liberation. 考點(diǎn)二：下列動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義, 而且常與well, quite, easily, badl

40、y等副詞連用。 lock ( 鎖 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 賣 ); read ( 讀 ); wear ( 穿 ); write ( 寫 )；break (破碎) Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The door wont lock.門鎖不上。 The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。,當(dāng)feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)；用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義 want, require, need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。 be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 在“be + 形容詞 + to

41、 do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。 This kind of water isnt fit to drink. The girl isnt easy to_.(相處）,get along with,另外：be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent/let（出租）也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。,考點(diǎn)三：一些常用經(jīng)典被動(dòng)句型： It is said, It is reported, It is widely believed， It is expected, It is estimated, 這些句子一般翻譯為“據(jù)說”，“人們認(rèn)為”， 而 “以前人們認(rèn)為” 則應(yīng)該說：It

42、was believed, It was thought,4）被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況。 be seated坐著 He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.） be hidden躲藏 He was hidden behind the door. (He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在門后。 be lost迷路 be drunk喝醉 be dressed穿著 The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.,高考時(shí)態(tài)題精練 1. - my glasses?

43、-Yes , I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B.Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen 2.Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband home. A. Has left/comes B.left/had come C. had left/came D.had left /would come.,3.- Can I help you ,sir? -Yes ,I bought this

44、 radio here yesterday ,but it _ didnt work B.wont work C. cant work D.doesnt work 4. I first met Lisa three years ago .She at a radio shop at the time. A, has worked B.was working C. had been working D.had worked,5.Who is Jerry Cooper? ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A.Dont you me

45、et him yet B.Hadnt you met him yet C. Didnt you meet him yet D.Havent you met him yet 6. Shirley a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. A .has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing 7.-Hi ,Tracy .You look tired. -I am tired . I the living room all day. painted

46、 B.had painted C.have been painting D.have painted,7. The price , but I doubt whether it will remain so. went down B.will go down C.has gone down D. was going down 8.I ping_pong quite well ,but I havent had time to play since the new year. Will play B. have played C. played D. play 9. -Nancy is not

47、coming tonight. -But she . A. promise B. promised C. will promised D. had promised,10. -Alice , why didnt you come yesterday ? -I , but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B.would C. was going to D. did 11. -Hey , look where you are going! -Oh , Im terrible sorry . . A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt no

48、ticing C. I havent noticed D. I dont notice 12. -Youve left the light on. -Oh, so I have . and turn it . Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going,13.-How are you today? -Oh, I as ill as I do now for a very long time. .didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt 14. The reporter said that t

49、he UFO east to west when he saw it . A.was travelling B. travelled C.had been travelling D. was to travel,15. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is an easy task because technology so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 16. Visitors not to touch the exhib

50、its. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested -Excuse me ,sir .Would you do me a favor? -Of course . What is it ? -I if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wondering D. did wonder,18.I wonder why Jenny _us recently. We should ha

51、ve heard from her by now. A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written,19. I dont really work here. I_until the new secretary arrives. A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out 【解析】 “我只是在幫忙，直到新秘書到任為止” 20. He will have learned English for

52、 eight years by the time he _from the university next year. A. will graduate B. will have graduate C. graduates D. is to graduate 【解析】by the time后接定語從句，省略了關(guān)系副詞when。在這 種定語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。,英語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)考點(diǎn)誤用 對(duì)不起，我沒看見你在這兒。 誤 Sorry, I dont see you here. 正 Sorry, I didnt see you here. 析 根據(jù)語境，本句是指剛才沒看見對(duì)方在這，而不是現(xiàn)

53、在沒看見對(duì)方在這，所以要用一般過去時(shí)。 2. 你能告訴我北京冬天是否下雪嗎？ 誤 Could you tell me if it snowed in winter in Beijing? 正 Could you tell me if it snows in winter in Beijing? 析 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)除表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作外，還可表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，即現(xiàn)階段的一個(gè)事實(shí)，句中不需要任何經(jīng)常性的時(shí)間狀語配合。could表示一種客氣的語氣，不表示過去時(shí)態(tài)。,3. 他說他第二天要去合肥出差。 誤 He said he will go to Hefei on business the next day

54、. 正 He said he would go to Hefei on business the next day. 析 主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，賓語從句表示過去的將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，要用過去將來時(shí)。 4. 我忘了把你的傘帶來了。 誤 I forget to bring your umbrella with me. 正 I forgot to bring your umbrella with me. 析 不用forget，而用forgot，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)記起來了，forgot是說話這一時(shí)刻之前的動(dòng)作。由于受漢語思維習(xí)慣的影響，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)觀念不強(qiáng)，誤把一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)當(dāng)作一般過去時(shí)。,5. 他父親離開祖國已經(jīng)

55、50年了。 誤 His father has left his homeland for fifty years. 正 His father has been away from his homeland for fifty years. 析 短暫性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)(肯定式)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，要么改為表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，要么用下列句式來表達(dá)(以此句為例)： His father left his homeland fifty years ago. It is fifty years since his father left his homeland. It has been fifty

56、years since his father left his homeland. Fifty years have passed since his father left his homeland.,6. “你去過北京嗎？”“是的，我去過?！?誤 “Have you gone to Beijing?”“Yes, I have gone there.” 正 “Have you been to Beijing?”“Yes, I have been there.” 析 Have you gone to Beijing?是“你已經(jīng)到北京了嗎？”，指目前人已在北京或在赴北京的途中。說話的時(shí)候，顯然你已不在北京了，所以說用在這兒不恰當(dāng)。表示“過去曾去過某處而現(xiàn)在又回來了”須用have been。 7. 如果明天不下雨，我們就去參觀美術(shù)展覽。 誤 We shall see an exhibition of pain-tings if