1、M5 Unit1 Grammar,本節(jié)課重點(diǎn)提要,1. 不定式的基本形式和否定形式 2. 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 3. 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 4. 不定式的基本用法 5. 不定式中常見的主動表被動 6 不定式的省略，保留符號to 7. 不帶to的不定式,They advised me to give up smoking. They advised me _ _ _ _ smoking. He promised to take care of the poor He promised _ _ _ _ _ the poor,Step 1,基本形式和否定形式,肯定式: to do 否定式: not to

2、do,not to give up,not to take care of,動詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài),I opened the door to enter the room.,. 一般式( to do /to be done).,不定式的一般式所表示的動作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。,Step 2,.進(jìn)行式( to be doing),They seemed to be talking about something secret when I came in.,如果謂語表示的動作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動作正在進(jìn)行。,. 完成式（to have done/to have

3、been done),2. Im pleased to have been given this chance.,1. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.,如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語之前。,如果不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式要用被動形式.,小 結(jié),to do,to be done,to be doing,/,to have done,to have been done,練習(xí),Hello! Its good _ (see) you again. Bye-bye, Im glad _ (see) yo

4、u. They pretend _(work) hard when the teacher came in. The girl students is said _ (send) abroad last week. All the students in our class have entered for the sports-meeting _ (hold) next week.,Step 3 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),Its important for us to learn English well. Its wise/kind of him to help the poor.,To do l

5、ike that is foolish.,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主語,賓語,表語,定語,狀語,賓補(bǔ),Step 4 不定式的用法,作主語,_is our duty.,_is right= It is right to gi

6、ve up smoking.,1.幫助你是我們的職責(zé)。,2. 放棄吸煙是對的。,不定式短語作主語時(shí)，如果主語如果太長，常用it 作形式主語，真正的不定式主語后置。,To help you,To give up smoking,作主語,。,一般用不定式做主語的句型 It +be +adj./n. + for sb. to do sth/ of sb to do sth It +take +sb +time + to do sth It +cost +sb +money + to do sth,動詞不定式,作賓語,動詞 + to do,動詞+疑問詞 + to do,動詞（ think, consi

7、der, make, believe等) + it+賓補(bǔ) +to do,常見動詞有 afford, agree, arrange, ask, decide, demand, plan desire, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish, prefer, happen, intend, fail等,I dont know what to do .,I find it important to learn English.,返回主頁,只能接不定式作賓語的動詞口訣：,決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意，能做被用來做的

8、事 迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事,決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意，能做被用來做的事,decide to do sth. 決定做某事 want would like to do sth. 想做某事 plan to do sth. 計(jì)劃做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用來做,迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事,cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下決心做某事 used to do 過去常常做某事 fail to

9、 do 未能做某事,Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary .,注：有以上結(jié)構(gòu)的常用動詞有 tell. wish, ask, want , like, beg, invite,warn, allow,encourage,advise 等。,(不帶 to 的不定式),注：常用的動詞是：感官動詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice； 使役動詞 have ,make,let.,返回主頁,在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, l

10、et, make 等詞后的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶to。但 是這些句子如果變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶to。,Eg. I often hear him sing the song.,He is often heard _the song.,注意,allow, ask, advise, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish,(構(gòu)成“V.+ Sb.+ to do”的形式),to sing,賓補(bǔ),接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞口訣：,請求與

11、命令 想要邀請期待鼓勵與建議 答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助,請求與命令,ask sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事,想要邀請期待鼓勵與建議,want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事,答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助,promise sb. to do 答應(yīng)某人做某事 warn sb. no

12、t to do sth. 告誡某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事,作表語,My job is_,To see is_.,1. 我的工作是教英語。,2. 眼見為實(shí)。,to teach English.,to believe,作定語（必須后置）,1. Betty was the first/the last to come to school.,2. We ll attend the meeting to be held next week. 3

13、. I have a child to look after at home. Do you have anything to say. Its a good school to study in.(具有邏輯上的主謂動賓關(guān)系）,如果不定式是不及物動詞或所修飾的名詞是不定式的地點(diǎn)/工具,不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞 We have several model bikes to choose from He is looking for a room to live in Please give me a knife to cut with There is nothing to worry abou

14、t 在time place way后面的不定式常省介詞 He had no place to live,注意,作狀語,He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. They jumped with joy to hear the news. Im too tired to walk any further tonight.,目的狀語.,原因狀語.,結(jié)果狀語,1 他回家去取鑰匙 2 我說了什么話使你不高興? 3 贏了這場足球賽,我們感到自豪,He went home _ his key,What have I said _you happy?,W

15、e are proud _the football match,to get,to make,to have won,目的狀語.,原因狀語.,結(jié)果狀語,Consolidation(p20),注意：,在學(xué)習(xí)動詞不定式的時(shí)候還有兩點(diǎn)要注意哦！,1、在感官動詞和使役動詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式要省略to,但以上詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，要加上to, 如,I always saw her play violin .,He was made to work 12hours a day.,返回主頁,Step 5 不定式中常見的主動表被動,The question is hard to answer.=its hard

16、to answer the question.(位置互換） I have some books to read. I have a room to live in. Give me sth to drink.(同時(shí)滿足主謂上的動賓關(guān)系） 3. Nobody was to blame for the accident. 4. The question is what to do next. 5. I cant go out to play with much work to do. 注意：I have some letters to post. （p20) I have some letters

17、 to be posted.,Step6 不定式的省略，保留標(biāo)志to,保留to到為止 to后有be,have,要保留 1. I havent been to American, and I wish to. 2. -Are you on holiday? - no, but I would like to be. 3.-Has Tom finished his homework? - He seems to have.,step7 不帶to的情況:,使役動詞和感官動詞后：一感二聽三讓四看 feel/ hear, listen to/ let,make, have, / look at, see

18、, watch, notice 注意：被動態(tài)中不能省 had better(not), would rather, would ratherthan, cannot but（不得不 ，必然，不能不）, cant help but = cant choose but do等 why not /why dont you do sth為什么不做? help sb.（to）do sth would you please do sth 情態(tài)動詞+do 助動詞+do,step7 不帶to的情況:,在介詞 but , except 之后，如果其前有實(shí)義動詞do 的某種形式，不定式不帶to, 反之須帶to .

19、 。 She could do nothing but cry. I have no choice but to wait. We had nothing to do but watch Tv. All I could do was send him a telegram 不定式and, or, but, rather than 等表示并列關(guān)系的第二個(gè)to 省略 ,表示相反關(guān)系,對比的不省略第二個(gè)to Id like to go and see a film They didnt tell me whether to go on or to stop Do you want to go shopping or watch TV? I decided to write rather than read.,區(qū)分下列詞組:,see sb.