1、The infinitive,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，在句中做 ， ， ， ， 和 。表 或 。,主語,賓語,定語,表語,賓語補(bǔ)足語,狀語,目的,將來,1.作主語,通常用形式主語it來代替。,忽視這將是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。,To ignore this would be a mistake.,It would be a mistake to ignore this.,很高興能來這里。,Its a great pleasure to be here.,掌握一門語言不是一件容易的事情。,It is not an easy thing to master a language.,人貴有自知之

2、明。,To know oneself is difficult.,說是一回事，做又是另一回事。,To say is one thing and to do is another.,愛與被愛是一個(gè)人能獲得的最大幸福。,To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get.,說是一回事，做又是另一回事。,To say is one thing and to do is another.,到那里花了我們5個(gè)小時(shí)。,It took us five hours to get there.,聽見他那樣說話真讓人生氣。,It made u

3、s very angry to hear him talk like that.,對(duì)我來說，做這種工作太難了。,It was difficult for me to do the work.,對(duì)你來說，能這樣考慮我們太善良了。,Its kind of you to think so much of us.,對(duì)他們來說，拒絕這處建議是不明智的。,Its unwise of them to turn down the proposal.,對(duì)你來說，能這樣考慮我們太善良了。,Its kind of you to think so much of us.,背對(duì)著老師，拒絕回答問題是不禮貌的。,Its

4、rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer.,想不下苦功就能學(xué)會(huì)外語是不可能的。,It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking effort.,浪費(fèi)了這么多時(shí)間，真是遺憾。,It seemed a pity to have wasted so much time.,尊重別人就是尊重自己。,To respect others is to be respected.,做奴隸就等于放棄自由。,To become a slave

5、is to give up ones freedom.,她犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤真是太粗心了。,It was careless of her to make such a mistake.,2.作表語,My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.,我建議立刻開始工作。,My suggestion is to start work at once.,我的想法是從北面爬山。,我能做的就是給他發(fā)個(gè)電報(bào)。,All I could do was (to) send him a telegram.,他的愿望是成為一名宇航員。,His wish is to beco

6、me an astronaut.,他希望能被大學(xué)錄取。,What he hoped was to be admitted into the university.,活著就是要做一些有價(jià)值的事情。,To live is to do something worthwhile.,她應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。,She is to blame.,此房出租 。,The house is to let.,限結(jié)果不久就會(huì)看到。,The result is not long to see.,我希望當(dāng)一名志愿者為2010年亞運(yùn)會(huì)工作。,My wish is to work as a volunteer for the 16t

7、h Asian Games in 2010.,對(duì)敵人慈就是對(duì)人民殘酷。,To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.,那樣做就是削足適履。,To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.,父親喜歡靜靜地聽音樂。,Father likes to listen to music in silence.,他寧愿餓死也不愿乞討。,He prefers to be starved to death rather than beg.,3.作賓語,我已安排10點(diǎn)見他。,Ive arrang

8、ed to meet him at ten oclock.,沒想到在這里見到你。,I didnt expect to find you here.,我發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能不用計(jì)算機(jī)而解出這道題目。,I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer.,她養(yǎng)成了五點(diǎn)起床的習(xí)慣。,She made it a rule to get up at five.,我覺得被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)跁?huì)上面對(duì)這么多學(xué)生發(fā)言是一件很光榮的事情。,I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting

9、before so many students.,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)要把一切都及時(shí)準(zhǔn)備好是不可能的。,They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.,除了看我的畫，他很少來這里。,He seldom comes except to look at my pictures.,除了等醫(yī)生來他們什么也沒有做。,They could do nothing but wait for the doctors to arrive.,老師除了叫他努力學(xué)習(xí)外，未做任何評(píng)價(jià)。,The teacher made no comments except to t

10、ell him to work hard.,他沒有什么選擇，只好像往常一樣坐在那兒。,He had no choice but to sit there as usual.,我們只能耐心等待。,There is nothing we can do but wait patiently.,除了借錢給你，他會(huì)為你做任何事情。,He will do anything for you except lend you money.,我原想來拜訪你的，但沒來成。,I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so.,我以為昨天

11、晚上能在這里見到他。,I expected to have met him here last night.,我們?cè)蛩阍谀莾捍粢粋€(gè)星期的。,We meant to have stayed there a week.,我原想寫一封信給她，但忘記了。,I wanted to have dropped her a line, but forgot to do so.,很遺憾，他的情況每況愈下。,I am sorry to say that he is going from bad to worse.,她不滿足在一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)里過默默無聞的生活。,She was not content to live a

12、 quiet life in a small town.,約翰得到這份工作很高興。,John was happy to be given the job.,她不滿足在一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)里過默默無聞的生活。,She was not content to live a quiet life in a small town.,這個(gè)問題很容易解決。,This problem is easy to solve.,這水不適于飲用。,The water is not fit to drink.,她這個(gè)人很難相處。,She is hard to get along with.,很遺憾，他的情況每況愈下。,I am so

13、rry to say that he is going from bad to worse.,她不滿足在一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)里過默默無聞的生活。,She was not content to live a quiet life in a small town.,在這條河里游泳很危險(xiǎn)。,The river is dangerous to swim in.,席夢(mèng)思床墊睡上去很舒服。,A spring mattress is comfortable to sleep on.,4.作賓語補(bǔ)足語,We dont allow such things to happen again.,多數(shù)父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽煙。

14、,Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke.,我們不容許這種事情再發(fā)生。,她請(qǐng)我在她不在的時(shí)候接電話。,She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.,請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐伊艚o她這張紙條。,Please remind me to leave her this note.,她邀請(qǐng)他一同去。,She requested him to go with her.,我希望你能幫我一把。,【正】I wish you to give me a hand.,【誤】I hope you to gi

15、ve me a hand.,【誤】He demanded me to be present at the meeting.,【正】I hope you can give me a hand.,他要求我們出席會(huì)議。,【正】He required us to be present at the meeting.,【誤】Mr. Li suggested her not to go there alone.,【正】 Mr. Li suggested that she should not go there alone.,李先生建議她不要獨(dú)自去那里。,昨天我聽見他們唱歌了。,I heard them s

16、ing yesterday.,你看見他出去了嗎？,Did you see him go out?,我感到有什么東西爬到我腿上了。,I heard them sing yesterday.,你看見他出去了嗎？,I felt something crawl up my leg.,我們看見這輛車停了下來。,The car was seen to stop.,你要我做什么？,What would you have me do?,她讓他戒了煙。,She made him give up smoking.,他想干什么就讓他干吧。,Let him do whatever he wishes to do.,雖

17、然經(jīng)常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他卻被小妹妹弄哭了。,Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.,我們認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)好老師。,We consider him (to be) a good teacher.,他證明那個(gè)理論是很重要的。,He proved that theory (to be) very important.,我第一次見到她的時(shí)候就認(rèn)為她人很好，很誠(chéng)實(shí)。,I thought her (to be) nice and honest the fi

18、rst time I met her.,我希望你不要打擾他。,Id prefer you to leave him alone.,我不想她有任何麻煩。,I dont want her to be any trouble.,我正等著詹姆斯的到來。,Im waiting for James to arrive.,他已安排了一輛汽車去車站接他們。,Hes arranged for a car to pick them up at the station.,聯(lián)合國(guó)號(hào)召交戰(zhàn)雙方遵守?；饏f(xié)定。,The UN has called on both sides to observe the ceasefire

19、.,這些帶介詞的短語動(dòng)詞還有： long for 盼望 depend on 依靠 rely on 指望 call on 號(hào)召,5.作定語,The future to greet us will be bright.,他總是第一個(gè)來最后一個(gè)離開。,He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.,我們的未來會(huì)十分美好的。,下一列到站的火車是從紐約開來的。,The next train to arrive was from New York.,星期天，他總是有許多信要寫。,On Sundays he always ha

20、s a lot of letters to write.,老師給我們留了許多道題要解答。,The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve.,他找不到可交朋友的人。,He can find no one to make friends with.,她有一個(gè)孩子要照看。,She has a child to take care of.,沒什么可擔(dān)心的。,There is nothing to worry about.,他沒有可依靠的朋友。,He has no friend to depend on.,今天上午我有許多事情要處理。,Ive got a l

21、ot of things to see to this morning.,他沒有遵守諾言定期給他父母親寫信。,He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly.,我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該有勇氣面對(duì)任何困難。,We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.,我不想和你吵架。,I have no wish to quarrel with you.,現(xiàn)在是上課的時(shí)間了。,Now it is time to begin our class.,我需要一個(gè)地方打個(gè)盹。,I need so

22、mewhere to take a nap.,那就是打開罐頭的方法嗎？,Is that the way to open the can？,我需要一個(gè)地方打個(gè)盹。,I need somewhere to take a nap.,那就是打開罐頭的方法嗎？,Is that the way to open the can？,6.作狀語,Im saving up to buy a computer.,為了救那個(gè)孩子，他獻(xiàn)出了生命。,To save the child, he laid down his life.,我在存錢買電腦。,為了吸引注意，他又嚷嚷又揮手。,He shouted and waved

23、 in order to be noticed.,我要把他的電話號(hào)碼記下來，以防忘記。,Ill write down his telephone number so as not to forget it.,他趕到車站，發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了 。,He got to the station only to find the train had gone.,我說了什么話使你氣成這樣？,What have I said to make you so angry.,散會(huì)后，他們分手了，從此再也沒有見面。,After the meeting they parted, never to see each o

24、ther again.,把你的自行車借給我好嗎？,Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle？,我們還沒蠢到竟會(huì)相信他。,We are not such fools as to believe him.,他跑得不夠快, 沒趕上火車。,He didnt run fast enough to catch the train.,他搬起石頭砸自己的腳。,He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.,她的視力太差了，不能看這么小的字。,His eyesight is too poor to read

25、 such small letters.,那個(gè)男孩非常急切地想要得到一本地理書。,The boy was too eager to get a geography book.,他很急切地想知道考試結(jié)果。,He is too anxious to know the examination results.,還有pleased, happy, ready等,我當(dāng)時(shí)不聽你的話，真是傻瓜。,I was a fool not to listen to you at that time.,看到他處于這么困難的情形，她哭了。,She wept to find him in such a difficult

26、situation.,一個(gè)人如果看不到這點(diǎn)，那他就是瞎子。,A man would be blind not to see that.,這么晚才動(dòng)身，你怎么能趕上火車？,How can you catch the train to start so late？,二，動(dòng)詞不定式的形式和態(tài)。,to make,to have make,to be making,to have been making,to be made,to have been made,他要我放棄吸煙。,He asked me to give up smoking.,非常榮耀受邀請(qǐng)參加瑪麗的生日舉會(huì)。,Its a great h

27、onor to be invited to Marys birthday party.,很抱歉給你帶來這么多麻煩。,Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.,據(jù)說這本書已翻譯成了法語。,This book is said to have been translated into French.,我進(jìn)來的時(shí)他假裝在睡覺。,He pretended to be sleeping when I came in.,我非常高興能和你工作這么多年。,I am happy to have been working with you all these years

28、.,動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊結(jié)構(gòu) 1) Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job. 2) Its very hard for him to study two languages. 3) Its very nice of you to help me. 4) He is too excited to speak. 5) Its never too late to learn. 6) Im only too pleased to be able to help you. 7) When to leave for London

29、has not been decided yet.,省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式 1） let, have, make：see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。 2）would rather，had better， rather than 3）why not do Why not take a holiday? 4）help 可帶to，也可不帶to 5）but前有do，后不帶to He wants to do nothing but go out. The enem

30、y soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.,動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式 Tell him not to shut the window. She pretended not to see me when I passed by. to為介詞時(shí)，to+ 名詞/動(dòng)名詞： admit to， be accustomed to ， be used to ， stick to ， devote oneself to， look forward to， pay att

31、ention to ， turn to,重要短語區(qū)別 1 forget to do忘記要去做某事。(未做) forget doing忘記做過某事。(已做) 2 stop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事 stop doing停止做某事 3 remember to do 記得去做某事(未做) remember doing記得做過某事(已做) 4 regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾。(未做) regret doing對(duì)做過的事遺憾、后悔。(已做) 5 try to do努力，企圖做某事 try doing試驗(yàn)，試著做某事,6 go on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事 go o

32、n doing繼續(xù)做原來做的事 7 be afraid to do不敢，主觀上“怕” be afraid of doing擔(dān)心結(jié)果，生怕，恐怕 8 mean to do打算、想 mean doing意味著 9. need to be done 什么事情需要做 need doing,他看起來好像很高興。,He appears to be very happy.,為了趕上火車，我們最好趕緊乘出租車去車站。,To catch the train, wed better hurry to the station by taxi.,練習(xí)：,我到達(dá)那里的時(shí)候，天碰巧在下雨。,It happened to

33、be raining when I got there.,我很高興和你一起旅游。,Im glad to be traveling with you.,我很抱歉把你的鑰匙弄丟了。,Im sorry to have lost your key.,我本來想昨晚完成工作的，但是我感覺身體不舒服。,I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didnt feel very well.,對(duì)我來說，被邀請(qǐng)來你們國(guó)家是一件很榮幸的事情。,It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your c

34、ountry.,據(jù)說他在倫敦一直住了20年。,He was said to have been living in London for twenty years.,很抱歉，我一直打擾你。,Im sorry to have been interrupting you.,據(jù)說他正在國(guó)外讀書。,He is said to be studying abroad.,據(jù)說他在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)過。,He is said to have studied abroad.,由于天氣不好，我們決定不出去。,We decided not to go out because of the bad weather.,從不犯錯(cuò)是

35、不可能的。,Never to have made any mistake is impossible.,我沒有答應(yīng)叫醒他。,I did not promise to wake him up.,我答應(yīng)了不叫醒他。,I promised not to wake him up.,這些是要發(fā)給學(xué)生的書 。,These are the books to be given out to the students.,他要求被派往最需要他的地方 。,He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed.,看起來他已經(jīng)被詢問過很多次了。,He app

36、eared to have been questioned for many times.,據(jù)說這部小說已被譯成多種語言。,The novel is said to have been translated into many languages.,A不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),這個(gè)箱子讓這個(gè)小男孩來搬太重了。,This box is too heavy for the little boy to carry.,三、動(dòng)詞不定式的幾種常見結(jié)構(gòu),那個(gè)由你來決定 。,Thats for you to decide.,他站到一邊讓我通過。,He stood aside for me to pass.,我有幾本書

37、送給你讀。,I have some books for you to read.,你不能站在這里。,這房間要上鎖。,The room is to be locked.,Bbe + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu),You are not to stand here.,我們安排下一個(gè)月開始這項(xiàng)工作。 。,We are to begin the work next month.,下一步該怎么辦？,Whats to be done next？,問題是如何處理乘客們丟棄的垃圾。,我不知道要不要去開會(huì)。,I dont know whether to go to the meeting or not.,C疑問詞 + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

38、,The problem was how to get rid of the waste thrown by the passengers.,何時(shí)參觀故宮博物院還沒有決定。 。,When to visit the Palace Museum has not been decided yet.,有這么多工作要做，我不能和你去看電影了。,With so much work to do, I shall not be able to go to the cinema with you.,Dwith / without + 名詞 + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu),有他住在家里，我感到十分安全。 。,With him t

39、o stay in the house, I feel quite safe.,由于沒有東西吃，他餓死了。,Without anything to eat, he died of hunger.,我很容易看穿他的鬼把戲 。,他真不小心，把如此貴重的花瓶打破了。,How careless it is of him to break such a valuable vase!,EIt is + 形容詞 + for/of +sb + to do,It is easy for me to see through his trick.,他很難改掉自己的壞習(xí)慣 。,It is hard for him t

40、o get rid of his bad habits.,你真好，幫助我學(xué)英語。,It is good of you to help me with my English.,他很難改掉自己的壞習(xí)慣 。,It is hard for him to get rid of his bad habits.,你真好，幫助我學(xué)英語。,It is good of you to help me with my English.,戒煙對(duì)你有好處。,It is good for you to give up smoking.,他已經(jīng)下定決心再試試這個(gè)方法。,他病得太重，不能完成那個(gè)項(xiàng)目。,He was too i

41、ll to completely carry out that program.,F分裂不定式,He has made up his mind to once more try this method.,坦率地說，我不同意你說的話。,說老實(shí)話，我們不能確保在森林里能找到那個(gè)女孩。,To be honest, we are not sure to find the girl in the forest.,G用作獨(dú)立成分的不定式,To be frank, I dont agree with what you said.,必背：用作獨(dú)立成分的不定式 to tell the truth 說老實(shí)話 to

42、 be frank 坦率地說 to begin with 首先 to be brief 簡(jiǎn)言之 to make a long story short 長(zhǎng)話短說 to be exact 精確地說 to say nothing of 姑且不說 to conclude 總而言之 to be sure 誠(chéng)然，固然 to do him justice 說句對(duì)他公道的話 so to speak 可以這么說,他是一個(gè)與其合作起來令人感到愉快的人。,針對(duì)這個(gè)問題你有什么要說的嗎？,Do you have anything to say on this question?,H主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義的不定式,He i

43、s a pleasant person to work with.,這本書很難理解。,The book is difficult to understand.,這把椅子坐起來很舒服。,The chair is comfortable to sit on.,沒什么可擔(dān)心的。,There is nothing to worry about.,沒有什么可害怕的。,There is nothing to fear.,比較： There is a lot of work to do. 有許多事情要做。（表示某人必須做這工作） There is a lot of work to be done. 有許多事

44、情要做。（強(qiáng)調(diào)有許多事情必須做） She has two letters to type. 她有兩封信要打。（自己打） She has two letters to be typed. 她有兩封信要打。（別人打）,我本希望在火車站接到他，但他未露面。,I hoped to have met him at the railway station, but he didnt turn up.,I表示虛擬語氣的不定式完成式。,我們?cè)肴タ催@場(chǎng)比賽的，但票已售完了。,We would love to have gone to the match, but the tickets were all so

45、ld out.,飛機(jī)原計(jì)劃九點(diǎn)起飛，但出現(xiàn)了一些故障。,The plane was to have taken off at 9, but something went wrong.,必背：常見的帶不定式符號(hào)to的短語 be supposed to do應(yīng)該做某事 be determined to do 決心要做某事 fail to do 未能做某事 go all out to do 全力以赴做某事 have the nerve to do 有膽量做某事 have a great mind to do 很想做某事 make a point to do 堅(jiān)持做某事 make up ones mi

46、nd to do 決定做某事 take the trouble to do 不辭辛苦地做某事 prepare oneself to do 有思想準(zhǔn)備做某事,他堅(jiān)持每天早晨朗讀半小時(shí)英語。,He made it a rule to read English aloud for half an hour every morning.,這幾個(gè)小伙子極想去看足球賽。,These young men are longing to go to watch the football match.,必背：常見的帶介詞to的短語 be related to與有關(guān) devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于 pu

47、t ones mind to 全神貫注于 get down to 著手做 give rise to 引起 lead to 導(dǎo)致 look forward to 盼望 object to 反對(duì) pay attention to 注意 be given to 沉溺于 be opposed to 反對(duì) be used to 習(xí)慣 be equal to 勝任 get accustomed to 習(xí)慣 stick to 堅(jiān)持,難道還沒到你定下心來閱卷的時(shí)間嗎？,Isnt it time that you got down to marking those papers.,如果你堅(jiān)持真理，就沒有什么可害

48、怕的。,If you stick to the truth, you will have nothing to fear.,你必須習(xí)慣早起。,You must get accustomed to getting up early.,練習(xí)：,1. The policeman warned us football in the street.( play) 2. Did you hear her _ the song in English last night. (sing) 3. The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad dayli

49、ght yesterday. (rob),not to play,sing,to have be robbed,4. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left.(tell) 5. A number of paintings in the castle are believed in a fire.(destroy) 6. The meeting next week is sure to be a great success.( take place) 7. As a result of my

50、laziness, I failed my work in time.(finish),to tell,to be destroyed,to take place,to finish,8. He could do nothing but _for the bus _.(wait/come) 9. It is a problem that doesnt need right now.( solve) 10. I remember _him _the bike needed repairing. (hear/say/repair) 11. Im gong to Xian next week. Ha

51、ve you anything _ to your parents? (take),wait,to be solved/ solving,hearing,to come,say,to take,12. I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to rain. (make) 13. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (settle) 14. Who will you

52、get _ the project for us? (design) 15. We are not allowed _ outdoors with some other children.(play),to play,to design,to make,to settle,16. My family considers _ (buy) a computer, which is considered _ (be) a great help in our work and study. 17. Busy translating a book, he couldnt help _ the article. (write) 18. I feel it an honor _ to speak here. (ask) 19. He was just about _ the office when the phone rang. (leave),to be asked,to be,buying,to write,to leave,20. At last the so