1、 動(dòng)名詞的用法 一. 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)的用法動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作, 在口語(yǔ)中也可以表示具體的動(dòng)作。如： Seeing is believing. Helping her is my duty.Talking mends no holes.空談無(wú)濟(jì)于事。 Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一種樂(lè)趣。 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)和不定式做主語(yǔ)一樣，也可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)。如： Its rather tiring walking around in a city. 不定式做主語(yǔ)往往表示具體的特別是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。如： Its no use crying ov

2、er spilt milk. 覆水難收。 He realized that to go on like this was wrong. （指具體動(dòng)作）二. 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的用法 1有些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后常用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如admit, appreciate, avoid，cant stand（不能忍受）, consider，delay, devote to, dislike enjoy，escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, get down to, give up, imagine. insist on, keep (on), look forwa

3、rd to, mention, mind, miss（錯(cuò)過(guò)）, pay attention to, practice, put off, stick to, suggest等等。 Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操對(duì)你的健康有好處。 Her shoes wants mending. 她的鞋該修理了。注意: 當(dāng) need, want, require, worth后面接doing也可以表示被動(dòng)。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。The floor requires washing. 地板需要沖

4、洗。I have finished writing this book. 我已經(jīng)寫完這本書了。2. 在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如果有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，則構(gòu)成“allowadviseforbidpermit 名詞代詞不定式（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）”之形式。如： We dont allow smoking here We dont allow anybody to smoke here 3. 動(dòng)詞need, require, want意為“需要”時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式或不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)，意義沒(méi)有區(qū)別。如： The window needsrequi

5、reswants cleaningto be cleaned 4. 在begin, continue, love, like, hate, prefer, intend, start后用動(dòng)名詞和 用不定式作賓語(yǔ)均可，意義沒(méi)有多 大區(qū)別。 5. 動(dòng)詞forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, cant help后跟動(dòng)名詞和跟不定式區(qū)別較大，須注意。 forget, regret, remember后跟動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；后跟不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事go on

6、to do 接著做另一件事 mean doing 意味著要做某事mean to do 想要做某事 stop doing 停止做某事stop to do 停下來(lái)（別的事）開(kāi)始做某事try doing 試著做某事try to do 努力做某事be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事 be used to do 被用來(lái)做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能幫助做某事三-ing形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的用法 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Talking to him is talkin

7、g to a wall. 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 3. Walking is my sole exercise. 4. Talking mends no holes. 5. I suggest bringing the meeting to an end. 6. He admitted taking the money. 他承認(rèn)錢是他拿的。 7. I couldnt help laughing.我禁不住笑了起來(lái)。8. Your coat needs brushing. 你的大衣需要刷一下。-ing 形式作定語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的用法四、-ing形式作定語(yǔ)1.

8、 單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語(yǔ)位于被修飾名詞的前面，既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修飾者的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料drinking water = water for drinking 飲用水a(chǎn) walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖a reading room = a room for reading 閱覽室a writing desk = a desk for writing 寫字臺(tái) tiring music = music that is tiri

9、ng 煩人的音樂(lè) a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一個(gè)驚人的結(jié)果 2. -ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí), 放在所修飾的名詞之后, 并且在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他們住在一間面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters fa

10、ther. 站在那兒的那個(gè)人是彼得的父親。 Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在這條河里游泳的任何一個(gè)人都會(huì)被罰款。3. -ing形式短語(yǔ)也可以用作非限制定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)，它與句子其他部分用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives

11、 in Beijing. 他那個(gè)當(dāng)教師的哥哥住在北京。 The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵蘋果樹(shù)碩果累累，在微風(fēng)中輕輕搖曳。五、-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 1. 1) 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常放在賓語(yǔ)后面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過(guò)程或一種狀態(tài)。如： When we returned to the

12、 school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 當(dāng)我們回到學(xué)校時(shí), 發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生人站在大門口。 We found the snake eating the eggs. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇正在吃雞蛋。 I found a bag lying on the ground. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個(gè)包。 The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那老板讓工人整夜地工作。 2）當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí), 原來(lái)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如： They found the r

13、esult very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying. 這個(gè)結(jié)果很令人滿意。 They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. 有人聽(tīng)到他在隔壁房間唱歌。 We mustnt keep them waiting. = They mustnt be kept waiting. 千萬(wàn)不能讓他們等。 2. 能用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的幾類動(dòng)詞: 1) 表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有see, hear, feel,

14、smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. Can you smell anything burning? As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously. Listen to the birds singing. I didnt notice him waiting. 2) 表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如： 六、-ing形式作表語(yǔ) -ing形式作