1、,被動(dòng)句的翻譯 英漢兩種語言相比，英語多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而漢語則少用。有人統(tǒng)計(jì)，水滸傳全書僅用了 個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而下段英語文字的個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，其中個(gè)使用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而相應(yīng)的漢譯則找不到被動(dòng)句的蹤影。,AS oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rocks structure must be carried out. If it is thought t

2、hat the rocks in a certain area contains oil, a “drilling rig ” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowed into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the

3、sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.,因?yàn)槭蜕盥裨诘叵?，光靠研究地面，不能確定石油的有無。因此，對(duì)地下巖層結(jié)構(gòu)必須進(jìn)行地質(zhì)勘探。如果認(rèn)為某地區(qū)的巖層含有石油，那就在該處安裝“鉆機(jī)”。鉆機(jī)中最顯眼的部件叫“井架”。井架用來吊升分節(jié)油管，把油管放入由鉆頭打出的孔中。當(dāng)孔鉆成時(shí)，放入鋼管防止孔壁坍塌。如發(fā)現(xiàn)石油，則在油管頂部緊固地加蓋，使石油

4、通過一系列閥們流出來。,漢語的被動(dòng)式早在古代漢語中就使用，但不多見，且一般是表示不幸或不愉快的事情或經(jīng)歷，如“被高鐵，被留級(jí)，被裁員,被山寨”等。,英譯漢中最常犯的毛病是“被”字結(jié)構(gòu)使用太頻繁凡是看到被動(dòng)語態(tài)，馬上就與“被”字聯(lián)系起來，造成譯文非常別扭,Unless something is moved, no work is done. 除非某種東西被移動(dòng)，否則功不會(huì)被完成 Only objects struck by the light are visible. 只有被光明照到的東西才能被看見,上兩句一定要用“被”字嗎？,除非某種物體發(fā)生了移動(dòng)，否則就沒有功 只有光可照射到的物質(zhì)才可見,必

5、須譯為“被”字結(jié)構(gòu)或相似的結(jié)構(gòu)，如“叫，讓，給，受到，遭到，為所” 等等例如： Over-seas Chinese are no longer looked down upon. She is respected by everyone. The plan will be examined by a special committee.,It appears that he was indeed isolated, targeted, picked on because he is bony, called “freak”, bullied and humiliated. 他看來確實(shí)遭到了孤立

6、，受到了攻擊；他因?yàn)楣鞘萑绮穸苋俗脚蝗朔Q為“怪物”備受欺負(fù)和羞辱。,譯成漢語主動(dòng)句 1. Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States of America. 中美已經(jīng)建立了外交關(guān)系 2. Visitors are requested to show their tickets. 來賓請出示入場票 Something has been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken. 今晚有人在此講了不該講的話,At

7、the party only tea and cakes are served. 茶會(huì)上只招待茶和餅 The ceremony was shortened by rain. 因?yàn)橄掠辏瑫?huì)議舉行得非常簡短 John actually loved Mary and was loved in return. 約翰真的愛瑪麗，瑪麗也愛約翰 My holidays afternoons were spent in rambling about the surrounding countryside. 每逢假日的下午，我總要漫游周圍的鄉(xiāng)村,1. The mechanism by which brain c

8、ell store memories is not clearly understood. B. 腦細(xì)胞儲(chǔ)存記憶的機(jī)理不為人完全了解。 A1. 腦細(xì)胞存儲(chǔ)信息的機(jī)制尚不十分清楚。 A2. 目前還不十分清楚腦細(xì)胞如何存儲(chǔ) 2. Marketing is seen as the task of finding and stimulating buyers for the firms output. C. 營銷被認(rèn)為是為公司的產(chǎn)品尋找買主并鼓勵(lì)購買。 A. 一般認(rèn)為，營銷是指為公司的產(chǎn)品尋找買主并鼓勵(lì)其購買。,英語中有一類以it 作形式主語的英語句子，在譯成漢語時(shí)常要譯成主動(dòng)語態(tài)，有時(shí)不加主語，有時(shí)

9、則加上不確定的主語 It is hoped 希望 It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 It is said that 據(jù)說 It is supposed that 據(jù)推測 It is admitted that 必須承認(rèn) It must be pointed that 必須指出,It is believed that 有人認(rèn)為 It is generally considered that 有人認(rèn)為 It is well-known that眾所周知,Candidates are required to present themselves fifteen minutes befo

10、re the examination begins. 考生應(yīng)于分鐘前到達(dá) It is considered of no use learning a theory without practice. 人們認(rèn)為脫離實(shí)踐學(xué)理論毫無用處 I remember being taken to Beijing by my father that year. 我記得那年父親帶我去北京,All the data available should be collected and studied with care before one works at a theory. 在制訂理論前，應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)真收集和研究所有

11、現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)和資料 Smokers must be warned that doctors have reached the conclusion that smoking increases the possibility of lung cancer. 必須警告吸煙者，醫(yī)生已經(jīng)得出結(jié)論，吸煙會(huì)增加患肺癌的可能性 Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered. 發(fā)現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤一定要改正,1. 汽車損壞嚴(yán)重，已無法修理，而駕駛者卻安然無恙，這真是個(gè)奇跡。（一個(gè)句子） 2. 由于大人們工作忙，常常把孩子交給外人照顧，而外人很少能像富有獻(xiàn)身精神的爺爺奶奶

12、，外公外婆那樣愛孩子。（利用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，定語從句，介詞等） 3. 如果不按時(shí)將書歸還圖書館或到期不續(xù)借，就得按規(guī)定罰款 4. 合資企業(yè)的一切活動(dòng)都應(yīng)遵守中華人民共和國法律。 5. 在雙語教育中，學(xué)生們在班上學(xué)習(xí)英語，而其它各門學(xué)科都通過母語學(xué)習(xí)。,It was a wonder that the car was severely damaged beyond any means of repair while the driver was safe and sound. With adults so busy, children are often left in the care of str

13、angers, who seldom provide the affection that devoted grandparents can. If books are not returned to the library on time or not renewed before they are due, a fine must be paid in accordance with the regulations.,All the activities of a joint venture shall be governed by the laws of the Peoples Repu

14、blic of China. In bilingual education, students are taught academic subjects in their native languages at the same time that they study English in ESL class.,1. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 書有可淺嘗者， 有可吞食者，少數(shù)則須咀嚼消化。,Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century. It is rumoured that the accident was due t