1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣,Subjunctive Mood,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用于表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的愿望,請(qǐng)求, 意圖, 假想, 建議等不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況或在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小的情況. 有時(shí)也有使語(yǔ)氣緩和, 委婉的作用.,1、if 條件句的虛擬 2、wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬 3、混合（錯(cuò)綜）時(shí)間條件句 4、含蓄條件句 5、(should)+動(dòng)詞原形 6、其他虛擬語(yǔ)氣情況 7、特殊用法 8、省略if 9、表達(dá)委婉語(yǔ)氣 10.高考題演練,1、If條件句 虛擬的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,1）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,2）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,3）與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反,1）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,從句： if + 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 （be動(dòng)詞用were) 主句：

2、主語(yǔ)+would/could/might/should +動(dòng)詞原形,If I were you, I would go at once.,如果我是你的話, 我會(huì)用另一種方法做. _. 2. 我現(xiàn)在要是有時(shí)間,我會(huì)和你一起去. _.,If I were you, I should do it in another way.,If I had time now, I would go with you.,2）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,從句： if +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去完成式 主句： 主語(yǔ)+would/could/might/should+have+過(guò)去分詞,If you had come a few minut

3、es earlier, you would have met him.,剛才你如果在這兒就可以問(wèn)他這件事了. 2. 假如我學(xué)習(xí)不那么刻苦, 就不會(huì)通過(guò)那次考試了.,If you had been here a moment ago, you could have asked him about it.,If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam.,3）與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反,從句： If +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 If+主語(yǔ)+were to +動(dòng)詞原形 If +主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形,主句： 主語(yǔ)+would/could/mig

4、ht/should+動(dòng)詞原形,要是再發(fā)一場(chǎng)洪水, 他可能才會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到他的錯(cuò)誤. 2. 假如今晚錯(cuò)過(guò)了這部電影, 你將會(huì)感到遺憾的.,If there should be another flood, he might realize his mistake.,If you missed (were to miss/ should miss) the film tonight, you would feel sorry for it.,2. 在wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 be 變成had been, do變成had done She wishes (wished) she had be

5、en braver . 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反.be變成were (was), do變成did I wish (wished) I were a bird. 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反. Be用would/could/might/should be; do 用would/could/might/should do I wish (wished) that the rain would stop at once.,3. 當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主語(yǔ)表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為“混合(錯(cuò)綜)時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要分別根據(jù)它所表示的不同時(shí)間做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。,If you had followed my a

6、dvice, you would be better now.,從句 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 過(guò)去完成時(shí),主句 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 用would +動(dòng)詞原形,假如我以前學(xué)過(guò)法語(yǔ), 現(xiàn)在就能給我們的法國(guó)朋友當(dāng)翻譯.,If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friend.,4. 含蓄條件句,有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不是總出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句。,介詞短語(yǔ)替代條件句。 常用的有：with, without, but for，or,We couldnt have succeeded

7、without your help.(=if we hadnt got your help) But for the rain(=if it hadnt been for the rain), we would have finished the work.,He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.,他打電話告訴我你的生日，不然我不會(huì)知道。,(=if he hadnt telephoned to inform me of your birthday),5. 在下列句型

8、中，常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形” 且should可省略。,1）在動(dòng)詞demand, order, require, insist, suggest等后that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。如： The doctor suggested/insisted that she (should)stay in bed for a few days.,注意！,當(dāng)suggest 作“暗示，表明”講時(shí)，insist作“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”時(shí)， 即：堅(jiān)持事實(shí)是怎樣的時(shí)，后面的that從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：,Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. The look on h

9、is face suggested that he was angry.,2）在名詞advice, order, suggestion, request等后面that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，或這些名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)后面that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句中。如： We all agreed to his suggestion (that) we (should) give up the plan. My idea is that he (should) accept the job.,3)在it is +形容詞（necessary,natural, strange, etc.+that從句中。如： It is nece

10、ssary/important/natural that we (should) clean the room every day.,4) 在it is/was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)+that從句中。如： It was a pity/ a shame/ no wonder that our team （should） lose the game.,6. 其他虛擬語(yǔ)氣情況： 對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬：do變成did 對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬：do變成would/could/might+do 對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬： do變成had done,1）as if (though)引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)

11、從句或方式從句中。 He looks as if/though he were an artist.,2)would rather 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。 Id rather you hadnt gone there.,3) If only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。 If only I were a bird.(我要是只鳥(niǎo)就好了）,4）在含有if it were not for或if it had not been for條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中。 If it were not for the rain, the crops would/should die.,7. 特殊用法： It is (high/about)

12、time (that)句式中常用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。,這種句型表示“早該”，用來(lái)表示提議。如： It is high time we started out.,8.省略if的情況,如果從句中含有系動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，或助詞時(shí)，可省略if,把從句中的were,had,或should提到其主語(yǔ)前形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。,Were I you, I wouldnt do that. Had you come earlier, you would have seen him. Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.,9.虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示委婉語(yǔ)氣的句型。,Would, co

13、uld 等詞也常被用來(lái)表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。,It would be better for you not to stay up too late. Would you be kind enough to show me the way? Would you be so kind as to show me the way?,高考試題演練,I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _for her.(94) A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written i

14、t out D. ought to write it out,2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she_, she would have met my brother.(94) A. has come B.did come C.came D. had come,3. -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you_, Ive told him already.(94) neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt,4. -When a pencil is partly in

15、a glass of water,it looks as if it_. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 5. Its nearly seven oclock, Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can,6. -There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It_ a comfortable journey. A. c

16、ant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been,7.Johnny, you_play with the knife.You_hurt yourself. A. wont;cant B. mustnt;may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt 8. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_get out. Had to B. would C. could D. was able to 9. -when can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They_be ready by 12:00 A. Can B. should C. might D. need,10. -I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -oh, did you?You_with Barbara. Could have stayed B. co