1、Grammar Modal verbs,Welcome!,蕪湖縣一中陳光明,Unit 2 Sports events,Modal verbs,Grammar and usage,Warming-up exercises,He _ speak English fluently. (表能力) 2. You _ work hard to win the gold medals. (表責(zé)任/義務(wù)) 3. _we do some exercises this morning? (表征求對(duì)方意見) 4. - Might I watch TV after supper? -Yes, you _. A. ma

2、y B. must C. might D. could 5. -May I pick a flower in the garden? -_. A. No, you need B. No, please C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont,must,can,Shall,A,C,一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必須”或“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等之意。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語動(dòng)詞用，必須和不帶to的不定式連用構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞。,Modal verbs: general introduct

3、ion,二情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法功能 We can use modal verbs to talk about:,ability,certainty,permission,obligation,make requests,make suggestions,make offers,give advice,能力,義務(wù), 責(zé)任,確定,允許,提出請(qǐng)求,提出建議,提供幫忙,提出忠告,Modal verbs: general introduction,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,1. can could be able to,2. shall,4. may might,三常見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法,3. must have to,7.

4、 will would,5. need dare,6. ought to should,8. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,1. can could be able to,2. shall,4. may might,The usage of some common modal verbs,3. must have to,5. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done, can表示本身所具有的能力或潛能， could是其過去式,*我認(rèn)為沒有你的幫助他不能解決這 個(gè)問題。,I dont think he can solve the problem without your help.,*兩年前Ros

5、e就能自己燒飯了。,Rose could cook meals for herself two years ago.,1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could和be able to的用法,Notice: (1). be able to表示能力, 有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 可用于各種時(shí)態(tài); (2). can表示客觀可能性, 常指現(xiàn)在, 較常用, 過去式為 “could”; 如果只表示能力時(shí), can=be able to (3). could僅表示過去具備某種能力, 而 was/were able to表示不僅具備而且 實(shí)施了某種能力;更側(cè)重于“克服一定困難, 經(jīng)過一定努力做成某事” = managed t

6、o do sth. = succeeded in doing sth.,E.g: * He was able to swim across the river before the ship sank.,【Practice】 *He managed to get the radio repaired without any help. =He _/_ the radio repaired without any help.,was able to get,succeeded in getting,*據(jù)說我們下周要進(jìn)行期中考試, 這消息是真的嗎？,Its said that we will ha

7、ve the mid-term exam next week.,現(xiàn)在: could/cant be 過去: cant/couldnt have done,because I met him in his office just now.,*他不可能去了國外，因?yàn)槲覄倓傇谒?辦公室遇見他。,Can the news be true?,He cant have gone abroad,can和could還可用于表示對(duì)事情可能性的 推測(常用于否, 疑句中),E.g: -Could I use your pen? (語氣委婉) -Yes, you can. No, you cant /mustnt

8、.,過去式could常用于疑問句中, 比can更加委婉, 表示禮貌。肯定回答時(shí), 常用原形can或者may, 不可再用過去式could。,*吸煙往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致癌癥。,Smoking can cause cancer.,*It can be very cold here in winter.,這的冬天有時(shí)會(huì)很冷。,在肯定句中, can還可表示“有時(shí)會(huì),往往會(huì)”,2. shall用法 shall常用于第一,三人稱疑問句中,表示征求對(duì)方意見,用于二、三人稱陳述句中表示意圖、決心、命令、警告、允諾、強(qiáng)制等,在法律法規(guī)等文件中表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定,可譯為“必須,應(yīng)該,可以”等。 Shall he clean th

9、e blackboard for you? Take it easy. You _be offered a job in this company. Mike _spare no effort to study. (1) “The interest _be divided into five parts according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall,shall,shall,D,表“法律法規(guī)等文件中表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定”,(2) -Excuse

10、me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. -You_ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt (3) The boss said to the secretary, “ If you work well, you _ have a rise.” A. must B. ought C. shall D. would,A,C,表“警告”,表“允諾”,3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must和have to的用法:

11、 “must”與“have to” 都表示“必須,不得不”,must: 指說話人認(rèn)為“主觀”上有必要 have to: 指根據(jù)約定, 事情的因素有必要 做某事-“客觀”,Ex:,*The train leaves at 7 oclock. I _ (must / have to) go now.,*I dont like my watch. I _ (must / have to) buy a new one.,have to,must,E.g: -你現(xiàn)在就得回家嗎？ -是的, 我現(xiàn)在就得回家。 不, 我現(xiàn)在不需要回家。 -Must you go home now? (必須),在疑問句中“mu

12、st”表示“必須”的回答形式 肯定 “Yes, sb. must.”; 否定 “No, sb. neednt.” 或“No, sb. dont (doesnt) have to.” *dont have to = neednt 沒必要,-Yes, I must./ No, I neednt. =I dont have to.,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的肯定推測 must do (狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 如: live/have/know), must be (doing) 表示對(duì)過去的肯定推測 must have done,must只能用于表示肯定的推測, 指“一定, 肯定”;,Practice *你現(xiàn)在一定困了。,H

13、e must have watched the football match last night.,You must be sleepy now.,*你現(xiàn)在一定困了, 不是嗎?,*他昨晚一定看足球比賽了。,You must be sleepy now, arent you?,*He must have watched film last night, _?,*He must have watched film, _?,A. hasnt he B. mustnt he C. didnt he D. hadnt he,C,A,mustnt 表示“不準(zhǔn)、禁止”,*你們不準(zhǔn)在學(xué)校吸煙。,You mu

14、stnt smoke at school.,must有時(shí)表示“偏要”,含“責(zé)備,抱怨”之意,(1)我已經(jīng)跟你講過很多遍了, 為什么你偏要 在課堂上講話呢？ (2)現(xiàn)在已是午夜了, 你偏要這個(gè)時(shí)候彈 鋼琴嗎？,I have told you many times. _ ?,It is midnight. _?,Must you play the piano now,Why must you talk in class,4. may / might, (1)表示 “許可”時(shí): might, 比較委婉, 一般多用于疑問句; 在以could, might表示征詢對(duì)方意見或表示 請(qǐng)求時(shí), 回答應(yīng)相應(yīng)使用

15、can, may; 表示允許(肯定句)和請(qǐng)求(疑問句)若回答 表示 “不可以/不準(zhǔn)” 時(shí), 一般用mustnt. E.g: -May/Might I use your dictionary? -Yes, _./ No, you _.,may/can,mustnt,(2)表猜測時(shí), “may, might”能用于陳述句中, 有“或許, 大概, 可能”之意; 現(xiàn)在 “may/might + 狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞” 過去 “may/might have done” may的可能性較大, might的可能性最小;,(3)may可以表示 “祝愿”, might不能這樣用 E.g: *希望上帝保佑你!,May God

16、 bless you!,*Rose may be busy now. *Rose might have returned home, but Im not sure.,*但愿你快樂!,May you be happy!,Practice:,1、 - Might I watch TV after supper? -Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. could 2、 - Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. -You _it in the wrong place. A. m

17、ust put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put,A,D,must have done 過去一定做過某事 cant have done 過去不可能做過某事 should ( ought to ) have done 過去本該做某事卻沒做 shouldnt ( ought not to ) have done 過去本不該做某事卻做了,5. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情推測、 責(zé)怪、后悔、遺憾等。,neednt have don 過去沒有必要做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了 could have done 過去本可以做某事卻沒

18、做 may / might have done 過去可能已經(jīng)做了某事,5. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情推測、 責(zé)怪、后悔、遺憾等。,1. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have taken C. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken 2. -Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. -Y

19、ou _her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told,C,D,Practice,3. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 4. - I cant find my purse anywhere. - You _ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. wou

20、ld 5. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed,A,A,A,Group Competition,What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? -Well, it _ be bigthats not important. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. w

21、ont 2. 改錯(cuò) Mr. Li mustnt have gone to Shanghai because I saw him a few minutes ago.,B,Back,cant,must表推測只用于肯定句, 否定句中表推測 用cant; mustnt 指 “禁止、不準(zhǔn)”,1. He said that the bike _ stolen and that he_ have to telephone the police. A. was, would B. has, will C. has been, will D. had been, would not 2.Mr. Bush is

22、 on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony ? A. can B. should C. may D. must,D,Back,A,1. 1. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall 2 .You cant imagine that a well behav

23、ed gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would,D,C,Back,1. Tom, finish your homework first, or you _ watch TV! A. shant B. couldnt C. neednt D. may not 2. -She looks very happy. She _ (must / might) have passed the exam. -I guess so. Its not difficult after all.,A,Back,must

24、,1. -Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should 2. Hearing the steps of the police, the thief _ move at all. A. dares not B. dared not to C. didnt dare to D. not dare,C,C,Back,1. -Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. -You _it in th

25、e wrong place. A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put 2. -Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may,D,D,Back,表對(duì)過去可能性的推測。,1. Mike, look at the time. _you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D.

26、 Need 2. She is already two hours late. What _to her? A. may have happened B. can have happened C. should have happened D. must happen,A,Back,B,1. If it were not for the fact that she _sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not,C,2.It is recommended that passe

27、ngers _ keep their cell phones on when the plane is landing. not B. need not C. could not D. would not,Back,cant 表能力, 此處表示她本身能唱歌的 一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)。,A,1. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 2. My suggestion is that Tom_ abroad and he stay here until the project