1、制作跨職能流程圖Cross Functional Process Mapping(為流程再造制作流程圖)(Process Mapping for Re-design),六西格瑪過程設(shè)計(jì) Six Sigma Process Design,制作再設(shè)計(jì)流程圖的目的Re-Design Process Mapping Objectives,了解流程的基本情況和價(jià)值鏈各環(huán)節(jié)的相關(guān)方 Given a project charter and understanding of process basics and the value chain stakeholders 介紹制作跨職能流程圖,也稱為“泳道圖“

2、Introduce Cross functional/Deployment Mapping, also known as a “Swim Lane” 制作基準(zhǔn)圖 (跨職能流程圖或泳道圖) Create Baseline Map (Cross-functional/Swim Lane Process Map),項(xiàng)目跟蹤表,過程再設(shè)計(jì)路線圖 Process Redesign Roadmap,價(jià)值鏈,翻譯,試的過程 過渡計(jì)劃 實(shí)施,收集客戶之聲 /商業(yè)之聲,分析要求,再設(shè)計(jì)過程,解決辦法的 設(shè)計(jì)/開發(fā),利益相關(guān)方 選擇表,利益相關(guān)方面談,Kano,制作精益流程圖,Pugh 概念產(chǎn)生,Pugh 概念選

3、擇,討論指南,從圖片和聲音提煉要求,要求 KJ,圖片 KJ,抽樣調(diào)查,區(qū)分優(yōu)先次序 QFD C&E,跨職能流程圖,經(jīng)歷利益相關(guān)方 的世界,總結(jié)要求并區(qū)分優(yōu)先次序,產(chǎn)生和選擇概念,試解決辦法,跨職能流程圖 Cross-Functional Process Map,價(jià)值鏈 Value Chain,流程圖步驟 Process Map Process Steps,Manufacturer,Dealer -Sales -Finance -Customer Service,Buyer,價(jià)值鏈環(huán)節(jié)相關(guān)方Stakeholders,Process Step 1,Offer Financing Options,P

4、rocess Step 2,Process Step 3,Process Step 4,制作跨職能流程圖 Cross Functional or Deployment Mapping,記載 Documents: 各個(gè)職能,部門和參與流程環(huán)節(jié)活動(dòng)的人之間的關(guān)系 Inter-relationships among functions, departments, people who are involved in sequential process deployment activities. (who does it) Also known as Swim lane 揭示 Reveals: 障

5、礙,返工渠道,延遲,未用空間,需要和產(chǎn)生的信息以及彎路 Barriers, rework paths, delays, blank spaces, information needed and created, and detours 步驟 Steps: 選擇范圍 Chose Scope 明確過程步驟 Identify Process Steps 確定順序 Determine Sequence 確定關(guān)系 Determine Relationships 畫圖 Draw the Map 添加有關(guān)時(shí)間,費(fèi)用,質(zhì)量,詳細(xì)輸入和輸出的數(shù)據(jù) Add data on time, cost, quality,

6、 detailed inputs & outputs,準(zhǔn)備,確認(rèn)團(tuán)隊(duì) Identify the Team 流程圖的輸入 Inputs to Mapping 頭腦風(fēng)暴 Brainstorming 操作手冊(cè) Operator manuals 規(guī)范 Specifications 操作員經(jīng)驗(yàn) Operator experience 六要素 6Ms 人,機(jī)器,方法,測(cè)量,材料,環(huán)境 Man, Machine (Equipment), Method (Procedures), Measurement, Materials, Mother Nature (Environment) 利益相關(guān)方的輸入 Inpu

7、t from Stakeholders,制作跨職能流程圖的步驟Cross Functional Mapping Steps,開始于過程的流程圖 Start with Flow Chart of process 識(shí)別過程所涉及的功能部門(價(jià)值鏈)并記錄在紙的左側(cè) Identify Functional groups (Value Chain) that process crosses and record on left side of page 畫泳道線把不同的職能部門分開 Draw lines to represent the lanes between functional groups

8、從圖的左側(cè)開始,把流程圖的第一步放在合適的泳道里 Start on left side of map, place first step from flow chart in appropriate lane 繼續(xù)把流程的步驟按以下的規(guī)則放在泳道里 Continue to place process steps according to following guidelines 時(shí)間從左到右上升 Time increases from left to right across map 同時(shí)發(fā)生的步驟應(yīng)上下疊在一起 Steps that occur simultaneously should b

9、e stacked on top of each other 箭頭總是左進(jìn)右出 Arrows always exit on right and enter on left sides of process symbols 互相連接的但至少相隔一個(gè)泳道的步驟應(yīng)用虛線連接 Processes that are connected, but are more than one lane apart should be connected with dotted lines,增加流程描述細(xì)節(jié)Increasing Process Description Detail,流程圖 (也稱方塊圖) Flow C

10、hart (aka Block Diagram) 顯示過程步驟,而不是細(xì)節(jié) Shows process steps, without worrying about details 是了解過程步驟的有用一步 Useful as a first pass to understand process steps 跨職能圖 (也稱”泳道圖”) Cross Functional Map (aka “Swim lane”) 把流程圖過程步驟重安排到職能泳道里Rearranges flow chart process steps into lanes of functions 清楚地顯示連接關(guān)系 Clear

11、ly shows hand-offs 過程步驟從左到右按時(shí)間前進(jìn) Process steps move left to right as time progresses 跨資源圖 Cross Resource Map 在職能中更進(jìn)一步, 顯示實(shí)際資源和資源之間的連接關(guān)系 Further drill down into functions, showing actual resource to resource hand offs,制作流程圖 Process Flow Charting,這是什么工具? What is the tool? 過程的圖像描述 Graphical illustratio

12、n of the process 工具要描述的是什么? What will the tool identify? 所有增值和不增值的過程步驟 All value-added and non-value-added process steps 識(shí)別系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和再設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)會(huì)Identify opportunities for System Design/ redesign 關(guān)鍵輸入 Key Process Inputs (xs) 關(guān)鍵輸出 Key Process Outputs (Ys) 數(shù)據(jù)采集點(diǎn) Data Collection Points 輸入FMEA的第一批輸入?yún)?shù) First Key pr

13、ocess input variables to put in FMEA,什么時(shí)候制作過程流程圖? When do you apply process mapping? 一直 Always 制作過程流程圖的結(jié)果是什么? What are results of Process Mapping? 看建議的新的設(shè)計(jì)或再設(shè)計(jì)是不是比現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)好 Identify whether proposed new system design/ redesign is better then current system 識(shí)別需要測(cè)量系統(tǒng)研究的系統(tǒng)Identify systems needing Measureme

14、nt Studies 識(shí)別需要能力性研究的關(guān)鍵輸出 Identify Key process outputs for Capability Studies 識(shí)別控制計(jì)劃中缺的項(xiàng) Identify missing elements in the Control Plan 識(shí)別過程中不增值的步驟 Identify possible non-value-added process steps,案例分析:制作流程圖Case Study: Flow Charting,Fulfill Order,跨職能流程圖(泳道圖)Cross Functional Map (Swim Lane),是一種描述不同職能或部

15、門之間的連接關(guān)系 A map that conveys process hand offs between functions or departments 把流程圖中的步驟重編排成按職能排的泳道 Rearranges flow chart process steps into lanes of functions 行或列代表職能 Rows or columns represent functions 不同活動(dòng)歸屬不同的職能帶 Activities fall in appropriate “bands” of functions 同時(shí)發(fā)生的活動(dòng)從上到下歸組 Concurrent activit

16、ies grouped “top to bottom” 有時(shí)也被稱為職能圖或泳道圖 Sometimes called “Functional” or “Swim Lane” flowchart or map,過程步驟按時(shí)間順序從左到右 Process steps move left to right as time progresses 明確顯示部門之間的交接 Clearly shows hand-offs between departments or groups 也稱為泳道圖或職能圖 Also known as a “Swim Lane” or sometimes “Functional

17、Map”,案例分析:制作跨職能流程圖Case Study: Cross Functional Mapping (cont.),Fulfill Order,跨資源圖 Cross Resource Map,是一種描述系統(tǒng)或組織內(nèi)資源傳遞的圖 A map that conveys process hand offs between individual resources in a system or organization 行或列表示各個(gè)資源 Rows or columns represent individual resources 各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)歸屬不同的資源帶 Activities fall i

18、n appropriate “bands” of resources 同時(shí)發(fā)生的活動(dòng)從上到下歸組 Concurrent activities grouped “top to bottom” 顯示資源傳遞 Shows handoffs, resources involved,過程步驟按時(shí)間順序從左到右 Process steps move left to right as time progresses 明確顯示資源之間的傳遞 Clearly shows hand-offs between resources 經(jīng)常同時(shí)顯示職能和資源 Often shows both Functions and

19、Resources 只是低一級(jí)的跨職能圖 Just a cross functional map at a lower level,制作跨資源圖的步驟Cross Resource Mapping Steps,始于流程圖或跨職能圖 Start with Flow Chart or Cross Functional Map 識(shí)別過程所接觸到的資源并把它們記錄在紙的左側(cè) Identify individual resources that the process touches and record on left side of page 畫泳道線把資源分開 Draw lines to repre

20、sent the lanes between resources 從圖的左側(cè)開始,把流程圖中的第一步放在合適的泳道里 Start on left side of map, place first step from flow chart in appropriate lane 繼續(xù)把其余的過程步驟按以下的規(guī)則放在泳道里 Continue to place process steps according to following guidelines 時(shí)間從左到右上升 Time increases from left to right across map 同時(shí)發(fā)生的步驟應(yīng)上下疊在一起 Step

21、s that occur simultaneously should be stacked on top of each other 箭頭總是左進(jìn)右出 Arrows always exit on right and enter on left sides of process symbols 互相連接的但至少相隔一個(gè)泳道的步驟應(yīng)用虛線連接 Processes that are connected, but are more than one lane apart should be connected with dotted lines,案例分析:制作跨資源圖Case Study: Cross

22、 Resource Mapping (cont.),Fulfill Order,跨資源圖 Cross Functional /Deployment Map,CUST,S MGR,TECH,MECH,CASH,DATA BASE,SA,WRITES COMPLAINT,NOTIFIES CUSTOMER,SCHED ANALYSIS AND REPAIR,REVIEWS COMPLAINT AND SPECIFIES REPAIR,REPAIRS VEHICLE,COMPLETES INVOICE,ENTERS JOB IN WORK LOG,ARRIVES AT DEALER,WAITS IN

23、 LOUNGE,PAYS CASHIER,D,D,VEHICLE DATA,D,D,Automobile Repair Process,帶時(shí)間的跨職能圖 Cross Functional Map with Time,Customer,Sales,Production,Control,Plant A,Warehouse,Plant B,Transport,Move,WIP,Product,Product,Product,12 days + 13 days + 1 day x + 2days + 1 day + 10 days + 1 day + 9 days + 1 day ,50 days,F

24、unctions,Process Tasks,Non-Value-Added Time,Time,Direction of Process Flow,Wait,Wait,Wait,Move,Wait,Move,WIP,WIP,WIP,WIP,WIP,Order Product,數(shù)據(jù)流-實(shí)體流的泳道圖 Data Flow Physical Flow Swim Lane Chart,P r o c e s s,Initial Order Entry,Trip Plan Generation,Shipment Mgmt,Output / Measure,Empty Car Fulfillment,D

25、ata,Flow,Physical Flow - Account Management,Physical Flow -Pricing,Physical Flow -Order Management,Physical Flow Shipment Management,Physical Flow -Settlement,FLOW:,Current,Proposed,X,Event,Occasions,Time/Distance Define Units,Cost,Totals,Total Floorspace,_ sq, ft,Value Added Index: (B/D) x 100%,1.5

26、3 %,Delivery Index: (A/C) x 100%,1.53 %,Process: _Sample Part_ Business: _Miscellaneous Machining_,過程流程圖 Flow Process Chart,Charted By: _Henrietta Smith_ Date: _12/19/03_,Operation or Process Record time/unit.,Delay (Re-work, Changeover, Wait) Record type, average duration and frequency. Tabulate pe

27、r unit value.,Inspection Tabulate duration and frequency. Tabulate per unit value.,Transport Tabulate distance moved and quantity moved.,Storage/Inventory Tabulate average Quantity in storage or queue,(A),(B),(C),(D),Receiving Dock/ Shipping Dock,1000 units,1000 units,0.5 hours,4 hours,PPI Staging,P

28、PI Inspection,2 hours 250 units,48 hours 600 units,Dept. A Staging,1 hour 250 units,3 hours 100 units,Machine 1,C/T = 0.5 hours 10 units,Machine 2,C/T = 0.5 hours 10 units,0.5 hours 10 units,4,1,3,1,2,C/O,1 hour,Cost/Hr. = $80 ” = 25 ft.,1 hour,1 hour,56 hours 2600 units,2 hours 250 units,5 hours,$80,$80,$4480,$160,$400,$5200,4 hours 1000 units,65 hours,DEPT A