1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí),一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定義： 語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，則為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者，則為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò)be表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。,二、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成 1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：You are required to do this. 2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)：The story was told by her. 3）一般將來(lái)時(shí)：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.,4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：The question is being discussed in the meet

2、ing room. 5）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：The new road was being made. 6）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：The novel has been read. 7)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.,1.They make shoes in that factory.,三、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),Shoes,are made,(by them),in that factory.,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成 ： S(主語(yǔ)）+am/is /are +過(guò)去分詞,2. They bought ten computers last

3、term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：S+was/were +過(guò)去分詞,3Ling Feng can take good care of Polly ,Polly can be taken good care of by Ling Feng . 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： S+ can/may/must/should + be+過(guò)去分詞,4.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)： S+

4、 will+be+過(guò)去分詞,5. Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： S+ am/is/are + being +過(guò)去分詞,6We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： S+ have/has + been+過(guò)去分詞,7I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night,My homework was

5、 being done (by me) at 8:00 last night. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： S+ was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞,四、何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？ 一、行為主體不明確，不必說(shuō)出或者無(wú)法說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如： Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如： My bike was stolen我的自行車(chē)被盜了。,三、漢語(yǔ)中含有“據(jù)說(shuō)”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說(shuō)”、“大家說(shuō)”等時(shí)。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house

6、and It was reported that her mother died of SARS. 眾所周知 It is well known that 據(jù)推測(cè)說(shuō) It is supposed that ,四、漢語(yǔ)中含有“被”、“由”等詞時(shí)。 例如： Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao 魏華是被林濤叫來(lái)的。,五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： He was born in October，1989 六、表示禮貌時(shí)。例如： You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：00pmtomor

7、row敬請(qǐng)您明天晚上8：00光臨我們的英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。,五、在什么情況下不能使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？ 1.表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如have，cost，fit，last， own，hold，become等往往不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： 【正】The shirt fits him very well 【誤】He is fitted very well by the shirt,2.祈使句一般沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： 【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【誤】The blackboard is looked at by you,3.某些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)表示處所、地點(diǎn)、組織時(shí)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：

8、 【正】He joined the League in 1998 【誤】The League was joined by him in 1998,4.由“動(dòng)詞名詞”構(gòu)成的英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)（如make faces，make friends，take place等）一般不可改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： 【正】The boy make faces in class 【誤】Faces are made by the boy in class Great changes have taken place in Jinan since last year.,5.反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： 【正】You

9、 must look after yourself 【誤】Yourself must be looked after,Practice,先將主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句，再把被動(dòng)句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句與否定句 1People grow wheat in North China 2They bought ten computers last term,3Some workers are painting the classrooms now 4We have made twenty more beds 5Ling Feng can take good care of Polly. 6I was doing my

10、homework at 8：00 last night,一、如主動(dòng)句含間賓和直賓雙賓語(yǔ)；或含省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，變被動(dòng)時(shí)有何變化呢？ Uncle Li lent us the boat last week（變被動(dòng)）,We were lent the boat by Uncle Li last week The boat was lent to us by Uncle Li last week（加上了to，有的也加for）,Mum made me a new dress.,I was made a new dress by Mum. A new dress was made for me b

11、y my mother.,間賓（人）作被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，一切依舊；而直賓（物）作主語(yǔ)，則須在間賓前添加to或for。加to的動(dòng)詞多為give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加for的動(dòng)詞有make， draw，buy等。,二、My parents made me water all these young trees（變被動(dòng)）,I was made to water all these young trees by my parents（加上了to）,這種主動(dòng)句中用省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，變被動(dòng)時(shí)定要加上to。這種謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有feel，hear，

12、listen to，let，make，have， see，notice，look at，watch（即常言道“一感二聽(tīng)三讓四看見(jiàn)”）。,Exercises,1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）,3.I fo

13、und the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time. She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers

14、_ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time? 8.Must we finish our work today? _ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _ _ _ some wond

15、erful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,12.He can mend the bike in

16、two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,14.The students in this school study German. German _ _ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk about this question? _ this questio

17、n often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,16.Someone must help me move away the heavy bag. I must _ _ to move away this heavy bag. 17.Was the window broken by Tom?（變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） _ Tom_ the window?,be helped,Did break,18.The tractor wasnt driven out of the road. He_ _ the tractor out of the road. 1

18、9.Doesnt Bob clean the street every day? _ the street _ by Bob every day?,didnt drive,Isnt cleaned,20.What can they do to finish the work on time? _ _ _ _ by them to finish the work?,What can be,done,21.None of the children were made to try the new medicine by the doctor. The doctor _ _ _ _ the _ _ the new medicine.,didnt,make any of,children try,將下列句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1We sweep the floor every day 2He does morning exercises every mo