1、Individualism VS collectivism,1、What is individualism?,Individualism pertains（屬于） to societies in which the ties between individuals are loose. Everyone is expected to look after himself or herself and his or her immediate family.,2、What is collectivism?,Collectivism pertains to societies in which p

2、eople from birth onwards are integrated into strong cohesive(凝聚力) in-groups, which throughout peoples lifetime continue to protect them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty（絕對的忠誠）.,Manifestation of Individualism,1、Personal privacy. 2、Personal freedom. 3、Personal equality. 4、Self-reliance. 5、Self-ex

3、pression.,Manifestation of Collectivism,1、Group unity and harmony. 2、Group goals. 3、Hierarchy(層次) and interdependence（相互依存）. 4、Group-oriented(為本). 5、Loyalty,conformity,humility.,American idioms and phrases,God helps those who help themselves. men All are created equal. Self-made Self-absorption Self

4、-admiration Self-centered Self-fulfilling（自我實現）,Chinese idioms and phrases,先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂而樂 天下興亡，匹夫有責 精忠報國，死而無憾 循規(guī)蹈矩 克己守道 三綱五常 貴有自知之明 人言可畏（死要面子）,Thirdly，the differences between individualism and collectivism can also be seen from the festivals of the two countries: American traditional festivals main

5、ly include: Valentines Day(情人節(jié))， Halloween(萬圣節(jié))，Mothers Day(母親節(jié)), Fathers Day（父親節(jié)）, Christmas（圣誕節(jié)), etc. Most of the American festivals stress the importance or the ecstasy(狂歡) of an individual.,1、Traditional Festival,Chinese traditional festivals include: Tomb-sweeping Day(清明節(jié))，Dragon Boat Festival(端午節(jié))，Mid-autumn Day(中秋節(jié))， Spring Festival(春節(jié))，etc. Chinese festivals mainly are chances that a family get together. It puts more emphasis on the family and its members.,2、Traditional festiva