1、英語姓名小常識(shí),英語姓名的一般結(jié)構(gòu)為：教名+自取名+姓。如William Jafferson Clinton。但在很多場(chǎng)合中間名往往略去不寫，如George Bush，而且許多人更喜歡用昵稱取代正式教名，如Bill Clinton。上述教名和中間名又稱個(gè)人名?，F(xiàn)將英語民族的個(gè)人名、昵稱和姓氏介紹如下：I.個(gè)人名按照英語民族的習(xí)俗，一般在嬰兒接受洗禮的時(shí)候，由牧師或父母親朋為其取名，稱為教名。以后本人可以在取用第二個(gè)名字，排在教名之后。,英語個(gè)人名的來源大致有以下幾種情況：,1.采用圣經(jīng)、希臘羅馬神話、古代名人或文學(xué)名著中的人名作為教名。2.采用祖先的籍貫，山川河流，鳥獸魚蟲，花卉樹木等的名稱作

2、為教名。3.教名的不同異體。4.采用（小名）昵稱。5.用構(gòu)詞技術(shù)制造新的教名，如倒序，合并。6.將母親的娘家姓氏作為中間名。,英語民族常用的男子名有：,James, John, David, Daniel, Michael 常見的女子名為： Jane, Mary, Elizabeth , Ann, Sarah, Catherine.,II.昵稱,昵稱包括愛稱、略稱和小名，是英語民族親朋好友間常來表示親切的稱呼，是在教名的基礎(chǔ)上派生出來的。通常有如下情況：1.保留首音節(jié)。如Donald=Don, Timothy=Tim.如果本名以元音開頭，則可派生出以N打頭的昵稱，如：Edward=Ned.2.

3、+ie或-y如：Don=Donnie, Tim=Timmy.3.采用尾音節(jié)，如：Anthony=Tony, Beuben =Ben4.由一個(gè)教名派生出兩個(gè)昵稱，如：Andrew=Andy & Drew.5.不規(guī)則派生法，如：William的一個(gè)昵稱是Bill.,III.姓氏,英國(guó)人在很長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間里只有名而沒有姓。直到16世紀(jì)姓氏的使用才廣泛流行開來。英語姓氏的詞源主要有：1.直接借用教名，如Clinton.2.在教名上加上表示血統(tǒng)關(guān)系的詞綴，如后綴-s, -son, -ing；前綴M-,Mc-,Mac-,Fitz-等均表示某某之子或后代。3.在教名前附加表示身份的詞綴，如St.-,De-,D

4、u=,La-,Le-.4.放映地名，地貌或環(huán)境特征的，如Brook, Hill等。,5.放映身份或職業(yè)的，如：Carter, Smith.6.放映個(gè)人特征的，如：Black, Longfellow.7.借用動(dòng)植物名的，如Bird, Rice.8.由雙姓合并而來，如Burne-Jones.英語姓氏雖然出現(xiàn)較教名晚，但數(shù)量要多得多。常用的有：Smith, Miller, Johnson, Brown, Jones, Williams.,IV.幾點(diǎn)說明,1.較早產(chǎn)生的源于圣經(jīng)，希臘羅馬神話的教名通常不借用為姓氏。2.英國(guó)人習(xí)慣上將教名和中間名全部縮寫，如M.H. Thatcher；美國(guó)人則習(xí)慣于只縮

5、寫中間名，如Ronald W. Reagan。3.在姓名之前有時(shí)還要有人際稱謂，如職務(wù)軍銜之類。Dr. ,Prof., Pres.可以用于姓氏前或姓名前；而Sir僅用于教名或姓名前。,小學(xué)英語課堂用語,1 Lets get ready for class. 準(zhǔn)備上課。2 Im sorry Im late. /Excuse me for coming late. 對(duì)不起，我遲到了。3 Please come earlier next time. 下次請(qǐng)?jiān)琰c(diǎn)到。4 Class begins. 上課。5 Whos on duty today? 今天誰值日？6 Is everyone here? 都到

6、齊了嗎？7 Whos absent today? 今天誰沒來？8 What day is today? 今天是星期幾？9 Whats the date today? 今天是幾號(hào)？10 Li Hong, have you collected all the exercise-books? 李紅，作業(yè)本都收齊了嗎？,11 Here are your exercise-books. Please hand them out. 這是練習(xí)本，請(qǐng)發(fā)下去。12 Monitor, would you please fetch some chalk for me? 班長(zhǎng)能幫我去拿些粉筆來嗎？13 Open yo

7、ur books, please. 請(qǐng)翻開書。14 Please turn to Page 12. 請(qǐng)翻開書本十二頁(yè)15 Please take out your notebooks/exercise books. 請(qǐng)拿出筆記本/練習(xí)本。16 No more talking, please. 請(qǐng)安靜。17 Attention, please. 請(qǐng)注意。18 Lets have a dictation. 讓我們來聽寫。19 Were going to have a new lesson today. 今天我們要上新課。20 First lets have a revision. 首先我們復(fù)習(xí)一下

8、。,21 Who can answer this question? 誰能回答這個(gè)問題？22 Do you have any questions? 你們有問題嗎？24 Let me see. 讓我看看/想想。25 Put up your hands if you have any questions. 如果有問題請(qǐng)舉手。26 Raise your hands, please. 請(qǐng)舉手。27 Hands down. 把手放下。28 Repeat after me/Follow me. 跟我讀。29 Listen to me, please. 請(qǐng)聽我說。30 Look at the blackbo

9、ard/screen, please. 請(qǐng)看黑板/屏幕。,31 All eyes on me, please. 請(qǐng)都看著我。32 Can you solve this problem? 能做出這道題嗎？33 Lets read it together. Ready, go! 大家齊聲朗讀，預(yù)備，起。34 Read slowly and clearly. 讀慢一點(diǎn)，清楚一點(diǎn)。35 Who wants to try? 誰想試一試？36 Who wants to do it on the blackboard? 誰愿意到黑板上來做？37 Are you through? 做完了嗎？38 Have y

10、ou finished? 做完了嗎？39 You did a very good job. 做得不錯(cuò)。40 Very good./Good try./ Well done! 完成得不錯(cuò)。,41 Terrific!/ Wonderful! / Excellent! 很棒！42 Please give him (her) a big hand. 請(qǐng)給他/她一些掌聲。43 Can you follow me? 能跟上嗎？44 Do you understand? 你聽懂了嗎？45 Dont be nervous. 不要緊張。46 Any one can help him/ her? 誰來幫他/她一下

11、？47 Any volunteers? 誰自愿回答？48 I beg your pardon? 對(duì)不起，能再說一遍嗎？49 Take it easy. 請(qǐng)放心/別緊張。50 Be brave / active, please. 請(qǐng)勇敢/主動(dòng)些。,51 Who wants to try? 誰來試試？52 Come up to the front, please. 請(qǐng)到前面來。53 Go back to your seat, please. 請(qǐng)回座位。54 Come on. You can do it. 來吧！你能做到的。55 Come on, youre almost there. 來吧！你快（

12、做/答）對(duì)了。56 Ill give you a clue (hint). 我給你一些提示。57 You can do it this way. 你可以這樣來做。58 Lets play a game. 讓我們玩?zhèn)€游戲。59 Are you tired? Lets take a break. 累了嗎？休息一下。60 Look up the word in the dictionary. 在字典里查這個(gè)詞。,61 Take notes, please. 請(qǐng)作筆記。62 Are you clear ? 明白了嗎？63 Is that right /correct? 那個(gè)正確嗎？64 Can you

13、 find the mistakes? 你能找出錯(cuò)誤嗎？65 Do you know how to correct the mistakes? 你知道怎么改錯(cuò)嗎？66 Are you ready? 準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？67 Can you guess it? 能猜猜嗎？68 Yes. Youre right. 對(duì)，你對(duì)了。69 Im sorry. Can you say that again? 對(duì)不起，能再說一遍嗎?70 Take your time. 慢慢來。,71 Use your head. 動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋。72 Good idea! That makes sense. 好主意。有道理。73 Whos

14、e turn is it? 輪到誰了？74 Now youre going to read one by one. 現(xiàn)在你們依次朗讀。75 Whos next? 接下來是誰？76 Youre next. 接下來是你。77 Its your turn. 輪到你了。78 Just hands. No voices. 不要說，請(qǐng)舉手。79 Do it on your own. 自己做。80 From the very beginning. 從頭開始。,81 Please read it to the end. 請(qǐng)讀到結(jié)尾。82 Stop here, please. 請(qǐng)停下來。83 Hands up

15、before you answer. 回答問題前，請(qǐng)舉手。84 Heres your homework for today. 這是今天的家庭作業(yè)。85 Hand in your homework tomorrow. 家庭作業(yè)明天交。86 Please pass the exercise books to the front. 請(qǐng)將練習(xí)本遞到前面來。87 Who wants to come to the front? 誰愿意到前面來？88 Come to my office after class. 下課后到辦公室找我。89 Come and see me after class. 課后找我。90 Watch me and Ill show you. 看著我，我來演示。,91 I want all of you to answer this question. 我請(qǐng)大家一齊來回答這個(gè)問題。92 Thats all for the new lesson/ revision. 新課/復(fù)習(xí)就到這兒。93 I want you to work in pairs/groups. 請(qǐng)大家做對(duì)子/小組練習(xí)。94 Im s