1、一、名詞從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 （一）主語從句,名詞從句,在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語的是一個(gè)從句，這個(gè)從句就叫主語從句。主語從句可以由下列連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)，且不能省略。 連詞：that，whether 連接代詞：what，whatever，who，whoever等。 連接副詞：when，where，how，why,1、由連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句。,連詞that，whether在主語從句中的作用只是引導(dǎo)主語從句，它在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，不能省略，且由它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句，多用it做形式主語。,That they are going to build a

2、 middle school is certain. Whether we will go or not remains undecided. It occurred to him that he had forgotten to take his identity card. It wont make much difference whether you leave today or tomorrow. It doesnt seem likely that she will be here.,（1）_ was unimportant. A. Whether he enjoyed our d

3、inner or not B. No matter how he enjoyed our dinner C. If he enjoyed our dinner D. What he enjoyed our dinner (2000年40題） （2）That the earth is round is true.（It is true that the earth is round.） 地球是圓的， 是個(gè)事實(shí)。,2、由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句,它們分別在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語和狀語，不能省略。注意翻譯時(shí)不能把它們譯為疑問句。由它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句，也可以用形式主語it引導(dǎo)。 What we

4、need is more food. Who is the monitor is still a secret.,Who let out the news remained unknown.（It remained unknown who let out the news.） 誰泄露了那個(gè)消息仍舊無人知道。 When well start is not clear.（It is not clear when well start.） 我們何時(shí)出發(fā)還不清楚。 Where the king was buried is still unknown. Which subject you may tak

5、e depends on what you are interested in.,3、以關(guān)系代詞what, whatever, whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句。,What有時(shí)可以用來表示the thing which這種意思，引導(dǎo)從句，表示一樣?xùn)|西或一件事情。Who，whom，which，what，可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，和what一樣引導(dǎo)從句，ever起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。此類句子不能用形式主語it引導(dǎo)，它們在句子中擔(dān)任成份，不能省略，語序?yàn)殛愂鼍涞恼Z序。,Whatever books you borrow from the library should be returned in two week

6、s time. Whoever spits in public will be fined. Whoever fails to see this will make a big mistake. Whatever is said here must be kept secret.,（1）_ I saw was two men crossing the street. A. What B. Whom C. Who D. That (2001年38題） （2）_ was not the way the event happened. A. Which the press reported B. T

7、hat the press reported C. what did the press report D. What the press reported 1998年24題）,19. he says or does wont make me change my mind at all. A. WhateverB. However C. WhichD. How (2006.4),如何選擇正確的關(guān)系詞或連接詞來引導(dǎo)主語從句,凡是以that引導(dǎo)的主語從句就屬于事實(shí)性的主語從句。這些主語從句陳述的是個(gè)事實(shí)。其特點(diǎn)是可以在從句前加“The fact”。即：,That they are going to

8、 build a middle school is certain. The fact that they are going to build a middle school is certain. That a production decision, in fact, depends on the information is clear. The fact that a production decision, in fact, depends on the information is clear.,凡是以whether, when, where, how, why含有疑問詞的關(guān)系詞

9、或連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句就屬于疑問性的主語從句。其特點(diǎn)是這些主語從句前可以加“The question”或“The problem”。即：,Whether we will go or not remains undecided. The question whether we will go or not remains undecided. Who is the monitor is still a secret. The question who is the monitor is still a secret.,以what, whatever, whoever, whomever引導(dǎo)的主語

10、從句不屬于上面的兩種類型。例如：,What we need is more food. 我們需要的是更多的食物。 Whoever fails to see this will make a big mistake. 不論誰不能看到這一點(diǎn)都將犯一個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。 Whatever books you borrow from the library should be returned in two weeks time. 你從圖書館借的任何書兩周后都要還回。,4、句型It is desirable （suggested, necessary, requested, ordered, proposed,

11、 urgent）+that+主語+should（可省略）+V（動(dòng)詞原形）。,（1）Its urgent that a meeting _ before the final decision is made. A. will be arranged B. must be arranged C. be arranged D. would be arranged (2003年45題） （2）It is highly desirable that a new president _ for this university. A. is appointed B. will be appointed C.

12、 be appointed D. has been appointed (1997年52題）,（二）表語從句,1、在從句中做表語的從句叫表語從句。它位于主句中的系動(dòng)詞之后，常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞和主語從句相同。 What is troubling me is that I dont have much experience in this kind of work. That is why we had to put off the sports meeting. This is what he wants. 這就是他想要的東西。 The question is whether we can finis

13、h our work by tomorrow morning. 問題是我們明天上午能否完成任務(wù)。,2、用suggestion等詞表示愿望、建議、命令等情緒時(shí)，用虛擬語氣，從句中用should（可省略）+動(dòng)詞原形。 例如： His proposal is that they（should）challenge the other groups to a friendly competition. 他提議他們和別的組挑戰(zhàn)進(jìn)行一場友誼競賽。 My suggestion is that the dispute be settled by peaceful means.,（1）The generals c

14、ommand was that the soldiers _ their fort and carry out more important tasks. A. would leave B. leave C. left D. have left （2002年48題）,（三）賓語從句,1、賓語從句用陳述句的語序 Can you tell me _ about the city that makes people love it so much? A. it is what B. what it is C. what is it D. is it what (1999年47題） 2. No one

15、 doubts _ it is true. A. whether B. if C. that d. what I doubt whether/if我懷疑。 I dont doubt that 我毫不懷疑。,2、介詞后面的賓語從句,He talked about what we should do. Your happiness depends upon how little you want and how much you accomplish.,1. The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aw

16、are _ she had gone. A. where that B. of where C. of the place D. the place (1998年48題） 2. He was a man of fine character in all points _ he was rather timid. A. in that B. except that C. for that D. except for (1997年53題）,3、suggest，insist，order，demand等動(dòng)詞后作賓語時(shí)，表示欲望、建議、命令等時(shí)，用虛擬語氣。,His mother insisted th

17、at he _ the coat when going out. A. put on B. puts on C. to put D. putting on (1999年58題）,The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life. A. had B. would have C. have D. was going to have （1998年28題）,區(qū)別：I doubt whether/ if和I dont doubt that,I doubt whether/if表示“我懷疑”

18、；I dont doubt that表示“我毫不懷疑”。這兩個(gè)句型中的關(guān)系詞不能變。例如： I dont doubt that you will pass the test. 我不懷疑你會(huì)通過考試。 I doubt whether Tom will come to my party. 我懷疑湯姆是否會(huì)參加我的聚會(huì)。,四、同位語從句,That引導(dǎo)的同位語從句常跟在下列名詞之后：idea, fact, news, belief, doubt、proof, evidence等。如：,Have you got any proof that he was not at home last night?

19、There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job. I have no idea that he has quit his job.,22.Evidencecameup_ specificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold. A.whereB.that C.whichD.what (2005.4),27. _ you dont know the rule wont be a sufficient excuse for your failure. A. It is B. That C. Because D. What 34. After the war , a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when,36. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wastela