1、,Unit 4,Lions and Tigers and Bears,The title of the text comes from the well-know US musical in 1939 The Wizard of Oz (綠野仙蹤) based on a children story by L.Frank Baum.The story describes a girl called Dorothy who,with her dog Toto,is carried by a very powerful storm from the farm where she lives to

2、the magic land of Oz. There they travel along the Yellow Brick Road,meet the Scarecrow, the Cowardly Lion,and the Tin Man,and have many adventures before they meet the Wizard of Oz and finally get home.,The title,Questions:,Why was the story called Lions and Tigers and Bears oh my, lions, tigers and

3、 bears! = oh, my god! Tigers : 兇殘的人，勇士，猛士 Lions ：名人，勇猛的人 Bears ：（美國俚語）警察,Theme, Love and pride one has for the cultural richness and the beauty the Park offers. The crime and fear people associate with the Park.,Protagonist:,“I”-first person,Plot:,Travel description combined with everything he has h

4、eard, observed, and experienced in connection with the place : his movements in Central Park, the events and famous people associated with its history , the beauty of New York at night. Finally , he got tired and dropped off to a peaceful, outdoorsy sleep.,Bill Buford,Setting (Place) : Central Park

5、(New York) Time : A muggy evening in July,Central park,Part 1 (Para. 1) : Part 2 (Paras. 2-6 ) : Part 3 (Paras. 7-12 ) : Part 4 (Paras. 13-25 ) :,The authors purpose of spending a night in Central Park,His experiences in the Park during the first couple of hours,His later adventures,The occurrences

6、during the rest of the night,Discussion: What kind of life do you prefer? Adventure vs Tranquillizationtrkwilaizein,Adventure,-exploration -alternative leisure,Tranquillization trkwilaizein,-peaceful life -without much challenges,Novelty 新奇的事物,Stimulation 刺激,Which for me?,Detailed study of the text,

7、Part I (Para. 1),Questions: Why did the author decide to camp in Central Park at night? Human psychologywishing to do sth. precisely because it is something people normally dont do.,What did the poem try to tell us? The poem tries to tells us that the tigers lair is the most safe place in the Park.,

8、Stuff sth. with sth. else: to fill or overfill a container or space with sth Stuff sth into/in sth else: to push sth. into a space or a container Eg: Its cheaper to stuff the pillow with foam than with feathers. Eg: Dont stuff anything else in, or the bag will burst.,curl up 卷起，撅起（嘴唇）； （因恐懼、羞愧、厭惡）使蜷

9、縮，扭曲身體 Examples: She curled her mouth up in anger. She curled herself up in the big armchair with a good book.,drop off （口）入睡，睡著；（逐個）走開，消失；放下，下降，掉下 Examples: She dropped off in front of the fire while watching TV. Her friends dropped off into the shadows. Can you drop me off at a supermarket?,Platit

10、ude n. boring and meaningless commonplace remark or statement, esp. when it is said as if it were new or interesting because it has been said so many times before adj. platitudinous 陳腐平凡的，老生常談，陳詞濫調(diào) This speech was full of empty platitudes about (of) peace and democracy.,Anybody who knows anything ab

11、out New York knows the citys essential platitudethat you dont wander around Central Park at nightand in that, needless to say, was the appeal: it was the thing you dont do.(Para.1),Everybody who knows New York knows that you should not wander in Central Park at night because it is too dangerous. (Es

12、sential platitude:) This is known to all and has been said over and over. However, precisely because of the risk there are always people lured to visit Central Park at night. They just wish to do what people normally dont do.,Part 2 (Paras. 26):,not to mention: without mentioning 更不必說，除以外還 Examples:

13、 We are served French champagne, not to mention the usual cocktails. David is handsome and smart, not to mention being a good athlete.,make for 1) to move toward (a place) Examples: The escaped prisoner was making for the coast. 2) to help make sth possible Examples: The large print makes for easier

14、 reading,respect vs aspect,從漢語對應(yīng)角度上講，兩個詞都有“方面”的意思 respect: a way 事物的某個具體細(xì)節(jié)，與in搭配：“it differs in that respect”，“在這個細(xì)節(jié)上有差別 aspect: a single area of interest from a particular point of view; a side or phase.從某種角度觀察事物的結(jié)果。類似地，一座山從各角度看到不同的形狀，那么每個觀察者看到的都是一個aspect 概括起來，aspect可譯為“方面”、“側(cè)面”，respect則相當(dāng)于“細(xì)節(jié)”、“部分

15、”。,These two poems are similar in some respects. (in some ways) in all/some/many respects 在各個某些許多方面 We discussed several important aspects of the learning process. They had to consider the plan in all its aspects.,in view 在能看見的范圍內(nèi)；在考慮中；在注意中 Examples: The sea came in view as we came out of the forest

16、. Dream pursuer has kept his goal in view.,Come into view：進(jìn)入視野 The castle suddenly came into view. In view of ：由于，鑒于 In view of the facts, it seems useless to continue. 鑒于這些事實,繼續(xù)下去似乎是無益的。 keep in view：把某人某物放在心里 Ill keep it in view.我會把它放在心上的。 on view：展覽著,陳列著Two of my sisters pictures are on view in t

17、he local Art Gallery. 我姐姐的兩幅畫在本地美術(shù)館展出。 with a view to：為了,為的是 He is studying hard with a view to going to university. 他為了上大學(xué)正在努力學(xué)習(xí)。,drift out （口）不經(jīng)意（慢吞吞）走出來，走開，離開 Example: The smoke pall drifted out to reveal the blackened shell of the building.,general verbs specific verbs look/see/watch,scan （細(xì)查，掃視

18、） glimpse（瞥見，簡短的一瞥） glare（怒目而視） stare（凝視） gaze（集中注意力看，凝視） glance（粗略地看一下，掃視） peep （窺視，偷窺） peek（瞥一眼，偷窺） peer（細(xì)看）,Shakespeare garden,A Shakespeare garden is a themed garden that cultivates plants mentioned in the works of William Shakespeare. In English-speaking countries, particularly the United State

19、s, these are often public gardens associated with parks, universities, and Shakespeare festivals. Shakespeare gardens are sites of cultural, educational, and romantic interest and can be locations for outdoor weddings.,Bolt,vi. a) to run away quickly 猛沖，逃跑 b) to move; to break away 迅速移動 vt. c) to fa

20、sten with strong rods and bar 拴住，上門閂 d) to swallow food or drink hurriedly 匆匆吞下，咽下,Examples: a) He bolted out of his house. b) Eyes bolted towards the stranger. c) He bolted the door on the inside. d) He bolted down a hurried breakfast. a bolt from (out of) the blue 晴天霹靂，意外的事 lightning bolts 閃電 make

21、 a bolt (for it) 趕快逃走,run,bolt (to run in a sudden way) 迅速移動，驚跑 dash 猛沖， hurry 快速移動 jog 慢跑 plunge 沖入，俯沖 rush 沖，猛攻；奔瀉 scurry 疾跑，急趕 trot 小跑,Walk,hike (to go for along walk for fun or exercise) 遠(yuǎn)足，長途步行 march (to walk steadily) 齊步前進(jìn)，行進(jìn) race 踱步 ramble 漫步閑逛 shuffle (to walk without taking your feet from t

22、he ground) 曳腳而行，拖著步子走 step (a short distance) 走，跨步 stride (to take long steps) 大步行走，跨 stroll (to walk with out hurrying, often for pleasure) 溜達(dá)，閑逛，散步 tiptoe 惦著腳尖走,Paraphrase:,And I bolted, not running, exactly, but no longer strollingand certainly not looking backturning left, turning right, all sen

23、se of direction obliterated And I started to run away quickly. To be exact, I was not running, but it was also not strolling any more. Without looking back, I turned left and right and finally I lost my sense of direction.,The ramble(漫步園）,The Ramble is a sanctuary for as many as 250 species of birds

24、, with the interlaced paths and hills, countless trees, shrubs, meadows, rocky cliffs and a winding stream. The Ramble was intended as a woodland walk through highly varied topography, a wild garden away from carriage drives and bridle paths.,A heap of branches 一簇樹枝 A heap of stone 一堆沙子 A heap of ea

25、rth 一堆土 A heap of rubble 一片廢墟 A heap of time 大量的時間,A heap of branches,I tiptoe across and sat, enjoying the picture of the city again, the very reassuring city. reassuring: adj. restoring confidence and relieving anxiety 安心的；可靠的；鼓氣的 Eg: But the condition of the eight others is less reassuring. 但是其他八

26、件的情況顯的不那么可靠。,我踮起腳走過去，坐下來，再次欣賞著城市的美景，這是一座令人感到慰藉的城市。,Suspend/dangle,兩個詞雖然都有懸的意思,但是dangle暗含的意思是不固定,隨時都會擺動;而suspend則是使固定,懸留在空中或(水中).尤其是兩個詞都當(dāng)及物動詞時,dangle sth是搖晃,擺動某物的意思,而suspend sth是把某物懸吊起來(正是因此才引申為使某事物中止)的意思.,A kite dangles from a telephone wire. 一只風(fēng)箏懸掛在電話線上晃來晃去。 I dangled my feet in the clear blue wate

27、r. 我在清水里擺動雙足. The leaves dangled in the wind. 樹葉迎風(fēng)搖擺。 A leather purse dangled from his belt 掛在他腰間的一個錢包. We suspended the lamp from the ceiling. 我們把燈吊在天花板上。,get/find sbs bearings: to find out where sb is and what to do next lose sbs bearings: to become confused about where sb is or what to do next. E

28、g: Twenty minutes later it was dark, I completely lost my bearings.,rip sth off 撕掉某物； 偷竊某物 rip sb off 敲詐某人 rip out 拽出、扯出、狠狠地發(fā)出 rip from 從撕下 She ripped the page from the magazine. Rip a letter open=rip open a letter拆信 Rip into 把撕成 The magician ripped the cloth into small pieces. Shall I sew up the ri

29、p in your shirt? (要不要我把你襯衫上的口子縫好),.a detail that Ive compulsively.since I first heard it. Para: Ever since I first heard of the McMorrow case I have been going over the details in my mind: How he was killed, disemboweled and rolled into the lake. I just cant help it.,Compulsive/compulsory,Paying tax

30、 is _. Many young people indulge in _ buying. They keep buying because they cant help it. He is a _ gamblers/liars/addicts/eaters.,compulsive,compulsory,compulsive,(1)compulsive表示迫使的，由不得自己的或情不自禁的 eg: I will not believe him any more because he is a compulsive liar. (2)compulsory表示根據(jù)法律，命令，規(guī)定等必須做的，強(qiáng)制的，

31、有責(zé)任的。 eg: At present, China implements compulsory education at the stage of primary and secondly schools.,on ones hands 受照顧；需要負(fù)責(zé)；可自由支配 Examples: She has a large family on her hands. 她有許多子女要照顧。 I have an empty house on my hands. 我手里有一所空房子要處理掉。 He has got much time on his hands. 他有許多時間可自由支配。,To be con

32、tinued on the next page.,at hand: 在附近，在手邊 on hand: 現(xiàn)在，在手頭；到場出席；即將發(fā)生 in hand: 手里拿著；在掌握中；（工作等）在進(jìn)行中（討究）,to the day 恰好，剛好，一天不差 Examples: three years ago to the day 一天不差恰好三年前 40 years ago to the day 四十年前的今天 cf. to this day 直到現(xiàn)在，迄今 of the day 當(dāng)代的，當(dāng)時的,One of the first events in the Park took place 140 year

33、s ago almost to the day: a band concert. The concert, pointedly, was held on a Saturday, still a working day, because the concert, like much of the Park then, was designed to keep the citys rougher elements out. (Para. 7),One of the first events in the Park took place almost exactly on this day 140

34、years ago: a band concert. The concert was deliberately held on a Saturday when ordinary people were all working so as to keep them out.,The Park at night must have seemed luxurious and secludeda giant evening garden party. The Park was to be strolled through, enjoyed as an aesthetic experience, lik

35、e a walk inside a painting. (Para. 7),an occasion to enjoy beautiful scenery and music as well as the company of well-dressed People, behaved in refined Manners, talking about arts: painting, musical,etc.,quiet and private; away from ordinary laboring people,a formal party for a lot of people, held

36、in a large garden,In the distance: 在遠(yuǎn)處 at a distance 在遠(yuǎn)處；有相當(dāng)距離 distance oneself from 使（自己）遠(yuǎn)離；使疏遠(yuǎn) from a distance 從遠(yuǎn)處；隔開一段距離,in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)方，直接用作狀語 at a distance （of）在多遠(yuǎn)的地方，一般后面接距離的名詞或數(shù)詞,Spot: n. 地點，斑點 adj. 現(xiàn)場的；現(xiàn)貨買賣的 adv.準(zhǔn)確地；恰好 v.認(rèn)出，發(fā)現(xiàn) on the spot 立刻，當(dāng)場；在危險中 我父親在我作文里發(fā)現(xiàn)了好幾個拼字錯誤 My father spotted s

37、everal spelling mistakes in my composition. There is no sign of any games and I only spot one child. 現(xiàn)場我只看到了一個孩子，也根本沒有什么游戲的跡象。,Paraphrase (understanding): I spotted a couple approaching . Your first thought is :nutcase? I suddenly saw a couple coming my way. Your first thought is :are they mad (dati

38、ng in the Central Park at night)?,V to move or to make sth move with a sudden short sharp movement 急拉，猛推，猝然一動 N 1 a sudden quick sharp movement 急拉；猛推；猝然一動 2 a stupid person who often says or does the wrong thing 蠢人 ；傻瓜；笨蛋,jerk,shriek v. / n. to shout in a loud high voice because you are frightened,

39、excited, or surprised Examples: The woman trapped under the piles of debris 殘骸raised her voice to a shriek. She shrieked an alarm at him.,On ones own:獨自地，獨立地 stand on ones own feet 獨立自主；不依靠他人；自力更生 act On Ones Own自主；自作主張；按照自己的意愿行事,embolden v. to give courage or confidence to sb. Examples: He smiled a

40、nd this emboldened her to ask him for help. Emboldened by drink, he walked over to speak to her.,At the heart of 核心關(guān)鍵,have heart trouble/have a heart condition,affairs of the heart,heart and soul In your heart of hearts set your heart on have a heart of gold have a heart of stone at heart,與愛情相關(guān)的事 全心

41、全意地，完全地 在心底里，在內(nèi)心深處 非常想得到，渴望得到 非常仁慈，心地善良 鐵石心腸 本質(zhì)上，心底里，實際上,患心臟病,Keep patting the park on the back a pat on the back 贊許，鼓勵 Alex deserves a pat on the back for all his hard work 1. pat ( v.) 輕拍（尤指給予安慰） pat sb /yourself on the back 對 某人/自己 表示贊揚（鼓勵，慶賀） 2. pat (adj.) (回答或解釋）脫口而出的，預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備好似的,Robert Moses (Dece

42、mber 18, 1888 July 29, 1981) was the master builder of mid-20th century New York City, Long Island, Rockland County, and Westchester County, New York. As the shaper of a modern city, he is sometimes compared to Baron Haussmann of Second Empire Paris, and is one of the most polarizing figures in the

43、history of urban planning in the United States.,羅伯特摩西（1888-1981）被稱為20世紀(jì)中期紐約市、長島，以及紐約州西徹斯特郡（Westchester County)的總規(guī)劃師。作為這些現(xiàn)代主義風(fēng)格城市的締造者，他也經(jīng)常被比作巴黎第二帝國時期的巴郎豪斯曼（Baron Haussmann），并以此成為美國城市規(guī)劃歷史上最具爭議的人物之一。,The irony was that by the end of the Moses era the Park was dangerous. (Para. 10) Moses did a lot to tu

44、rn Central Park into an efficient peoples park. But the outcome was quite unexpected and sad: by the end of his era the Park was dangerous.,on the/a rampage 橫沖直撞；暴跳如雷 Examples: The escaped elephant was on the rampage for two days. The rioters went on a rampage and vandalized many shops.,The Park is

45、now framed ,enveloped even by the city ,but there was no escaping the recognition that this city -contrived ,man-made ,glaringly obtrusive ,consuming wasteful and staggering quantities of electricity and water and energy-was very beautiful.,The Park, which is supposed to remain unaffected by any inf

46、luence of the city life ,is now surrounded, and even overwhelmed completely by the features of the city. But there was no denying the fact (you have to admit) that the city was very beautiful, although it was not a natural kind of beauty, it was artificial and showy , and it used up a great amount o

47、f water and energy.,There is no escaping/denying the recognition that the city was very beautiful. (Para. 12) There is no verb.+ing There is no denying that,There was no knowing how long he might be away. Theres no telling when an outburst might come. Theres no escaping the dust in Spring. There is

48、no telling how long he might be away. Theres no escaping mental stress these days. Life is tough. There is no denying the fact that these people have a reason to be angry.,But there it was: the city at night, viewed from what meant to be an escape from it, shimmering,People come to the Park to escap

49、e from the hustle and bustle of the city. But it was precisely in the Park that day that I found the city at night was extremely beautiful.,10. wind ones way 迂回而行，彎曲經(jīng)過 Examples: The brook wound its way through the fields.,The end of Phrases and Expressions.,magnify,Magnify means make something large

50、r than it really is 指在事實上或外表上把一件事物增大。例如：A microscope magnifies objects by making them appear larger even though it does not increase their actual sizes（顯微鏡把一件東西放大，雖然實際并未增大） 有時magnify暗示夸大，使一件事物像是比實際更大更重要。 例如：to magnify a relatively trivial loss（把一項相當(dāng)小的損失夸大）,enlarge 擴(kuò)大，多指具體物品如相片的放大。 例如：to enlarge a ph

51、otograph（放大一張照片） We need toenlargeour common space, notmagnifyour differences and become a house divided.我們應(yīng)該擴(kuò)大彼此之間的共同點，而不是刻意加大我們之間的分歧；否則，我們的社會將會四分五裂。,Onomatopoeia,n()mtpi,A tremendous cracking sound. (Para. 16) 2. Another branch snapping, but this (Para. 17) 3. Another branch, and then a rustling of leaves. (Para. 17),Perplex,ppleks vt.迷惑；使困惑,同：confound,confuse,短語:be perplexed for an answer 不知該怎么回答才好； be/feel perplexed at sth 對感到很窘迫,They were pe