1、737電子系統(tǒng)簡介,2005年7月31日,1.B737飛機(jī)概述（avionics only) a.flight compartment b.EE compartment 2.B737飛機(jī)電子系統(tǒng)的概述 a. 22 Autoflight b. 23 Communication c. 31 Indication and Recording d. 34 Navigation 3.維護(hù)基本實(shí)踐及安全注意事項(xiàng),Flght compartment,P1 CAPTAIN INSTRUMENT PANEL P2 CENTER INSTRUMENT PANEL P3 FIRST OFFICER INSTRUME

2、NT PANEL P5 PILOT OVERHEAD PANEL P6 CENTER/RIGHT LOAD CONTROL PANEL P7 GLARESHIELD PANEL P8 AISLESTAND, AFT PANEL P9 FMCS CDU P18 LEFT LOAD CONTROL PANEL SEE 91-01-03 SEE MORE PANELS,EE Compartment,1.前電子艙（FWD EE ） 主要安裝的是電子部件是氣象雷達(dá)收發(fā)機(jī)，沒有設(shè)備冷卻裝置，雷達(dá)收發(fā)機(jī)有自備的風(fēng)扇來冷卻。 2.電子艙或主設(shè)備中心（EE或MAIN EQUIPMENT CENTER） 絕大部分

3、的電子部件的安裝地點(diǎn)，有設(shè)備冷卻裝置。按著相應(yīng)的名稱分成E1、E2、E3,22 Auto flight,737的自動飛行控制系統(tǒng)是個三軸的控制系統(tǒng)：俯仰軸（升降舵、安定面）、傾斜軸（副翼、擾流板）、航向軸（方向舵）。 Auto Flight包括 DFCS、A/T、Y/D,DFCS,General The digital flight control system (DFCS) does these functions: * Autopilot * Flight director * Altitude alert * Speed trim * Mach trim.,INTERFACE,GENER

4、AL,A/P,1.指令工作方式（CMD） MCP或FMC輸出目標(biāo)指令到FCC計算機(jī)，F(xiàn)CC再根據(jù)各種傳感器信號得知飛機(jī)現(xiàn)在的飛行狀況（姿態(tài)、速度、航向），輸出執(zhí)行指令到舵面的驅(qū)動裝置，從而改變飛機(jī)狀態(tài)參數(shù)，達(dá)到飛行員的要求。 2.駕駛盤操縱方式（CWS） 飛行員輸出指令到駕駛盤，然后駕駛盤的力傳感器感受到信號，傳給FCC，以后信號同CMD,F/D,FCC利用所要的目標(biāo)參數(shù)和實(shí)際參數(shù)的差異，計算出所要改變的飛機(jī)實(shí)際操作，并把這些要做的實(shí)際操作以指引的方式顯示在飛機(jī)的CDS上 1.自動駕駛銜接的時候，用來監(jiān)控自動駕駛的工作情況。 2.人工飛行的時候，用來目標(biāo)指引。,Speed Trim,飛機(jī)為了保

5、證起飛的時候縱向力矩平衡，F(xiàn)CC來發(fā)出指令給安定面配平馬達(dá)，改變安定面的角度來達(dá)到配平目的 配平TRIM：使飛機(jī)力矩得到平衡。 因?yàn)槠痫w的時候速度很小，改變安定面很小的角度就能提供所需要的配平力矩，所以采用改變安定面角度的方法。,Mach Trim,飛機(jī)達(dá)到高馬赫數(shù)的時候，會有縱向不平衡力矩出現(xiàn)，用改變升降舵定中機(jī)構(gòu)的0基準(zhǔn)的方法來配平由于高馬赫數(shù)引起的縱向不平衡力矩。 FCC接受速度信號，然后輸出指令到馬赫配平作動筒，改變升降舵定中機(jī)構(gòu)的0基準(zhǔn)。 因?yàn)樗俣群艽?，改變升降舵就能達(dá)到配平效果了,Altitude Alert,飛機(jī)到達(dá)或離開預(yù)選的高度的時候，提醒飛行員，有諧音出現(xiàn)。,DFCS BI

6、TE,因?yàn)镈FCS的系統(tǒng)的信號鉸鏈特別多，系統(tǒng)特別復(fù)雜，為了方便維護(hù)，增加了DFCS BITE，這是個非常龐大的測試庫，我們必須了解到它的實(shí)際組成部分和各個部分的具體功能，才能找到對我們工作最有利的BITE部分,DFCS BITE結(jié)構(gòu),1.按照組成結(jié)構(gòu)分類： 庫測試：DFCS BITE中所有的子測試（最小的測試單元）被稱做庫測試有相應(yīng)的庫號； 組測試：不同庫測試的集合形成組測試。 2.按照測試類型分類：快速自測試、交互式測試、操縱面測試。 3.按照測試的目的：排故測試（當(dāng)前、歷史、庫測試）、核實(shí)測試（LRU replace testland verifymcp testsrigingsenso

7、rs value) 4.DFCS可以存儲最后40個航段的歷史故障,A/T,A/T計算機(jī)接收目標(biāo)信號（FMC、MCP），和其他飛機(jī)各個系統(tǒng)的飛機(jī)狀態(tài)信號，計算出指令信號，控制發(fā)動機(jī)的推力大小，來滿足飛行要求。,FMC為每個飛行階段計算推力N1限制和N1目標(biāo)。數(shù)據(jù)送到DEU。DEU在發(fā)動機(jī)顯示器上顯示N1限制。DEU向EEC傳送N1目標(biāo)，EEC計算相當(dāng)?shù)腡RA目標(biāo)發(fā)送到A/T來設(shè)置推力。,Y/D,偏航阻尼；為了防止荷蘭滾運(yùn)動，偏航阻尼計算機(jī)接收到偏航信號，發(fā)出指令到方向舵，產(chǎn)生相反于偏航的力矩。,P2,23 通信,作用：完成飛機(jī)與飛機(jī)之間、飛機(jī)與地面臺之間、飛機(jī)內(nèi)部之間的語音通訊和數(shù)據(jù)通信。,HF

8、,The high frequency (HF) communication system supplies voice communication over long distances. It gives communicationbetween airplanes or between ground stations and airplanes.The HF system operates in the aeronautical frequency range of2 MHz to 29.999 MHz. The system uses the surface of the earth

9、and an ionized layer to cause a reflection (skip) of the communication signal. The distance between skips changes due to the time of day, radio frequency, and airplane altitude.,VHF,The very high frequency (VHF) communication system suppliescommunication over line-of-sight distances. It givescommuni

10、cation between airplanes or between ground stationsand airplanes.,SEL CAL,The selective calling (SELCAL) system supplies the flight crew with indications of calls that come in from the airline ground stations. It is not necessary for the pilots to continuously monitor company communications channels

11、. Airline radio networks supply communication between ground stations and airplanes. For SELCAL operation each airplane has a different four-letter code. Each letter in the code equals a different audio tone. The ground stations send the applicable tones to call an airplane.,ACARS,The aircraft commu

12、nications addressing and reporting system (ACARS) is a datalink communication system. It lets you transmit messages and reports between an airplane and an airline ground base. A message or report from the airplane to the airline ground base is called a downlink. A message or report from the airline

13、ground base to the airplane is called an uplink. ACARS automatically sends reports when necessary and at scheduled times of the flight to reduce crew workload.,PA,The passenger address (PA) system supplies this audio to the passenger cabin and flight compartment: * Flight crew announcements * Pre-re

14、corded/stored announcements * Boarding music * Chimes.,SERVICE INTERPHONE,The ground crew uses the service interphone system to talk to each other and to the flight crew. Service interphone jacks are at different locations on the airplane. The flight attendants use the service interphone system to s

15、peak with each other and the pilots.,FLT INTERPHONE,The flight crew uses the flight interphone system to speak with each other and the ground crew. Flight and maintenance crews use the flight interphone system to get access to the communication systems. You can also use the flight interphone system

16、to monitor the navigation receivers.,機(jī)組呼叫系統(tǒng),1.駕駛艙-客艙呼叫 2.駕駛艙-地面呼叫,STATIC DISCHARGE,There are static dischargers on the airplane to decrease radio receiver interference. The static dischargers discharge static at points as far from the fuselage as possible. This makes sure there is the least amout of

17、 coupling into the radio receiver antennas.,VOICE RECORDER,The voice recorder continuously records these: * Flight crew communications * Flight compartment sounds. The voice recorder keeps the last 120 minutes of audio.,位置,31 Indicating and recording,1.時鐘 CLOCKS 飛行數(shù)據(jù)記錄系統(tǒng) FLIGHT DATA RECORDING SYS 音響

18、警告系統(tǒng) AURAL WARNING SYS 主警告系統(tǒng) MAIN WARNING SYS 起飛/著陸警告系統(tǒng) TAKE OFF/LANDING WARNING SYS 通用顯示系統(tǒng) COMMON DISPLAY SYS,CLOCKS,The clocks give time reference to the flight crew and other airplane systems.,FLIHGT RECORDING SYS,The flight data recorder system (FDRS) stores airplane parameters and system data f

19、or the last 25 hours of operation. The flight data recorder (FDR) protects the parameters and the system data. If there is an airplane incident, these parameters supply data on flight conditions and airplane systems operation. Airline personnel can also use the data to make an analysis of system per

20、formance during airplane maintenance.,AURAL WARNING SYS,The flight compartment aural warning system supplies audio signals to alert the flight crew of incorrect airplane system conditions.,MAIN WARNING SYS,The master caution system provides a visual alert to the flight crew for incorrect airplane sy

21、stems operation.,CDS,The common display system (CDS) shows performance,navigation and engine information in many different formats on six display units in the flight compartment.,同軸連接器,有四個同軸連接器。每個DEU通道給同軸連接器提供一個輸出。每個DEU有兩個通道。 同軸連接器將信號分開，并給6個顯示組件中每一個提供輸出。 有四個同軸連接器，1和3同軸連接器到機(jī)長方向舵腳蹬的右側(cè)，2和4回軸連接器到副駕駛方向舵腳

22、蹬的左側(cè)。 為接近同軸連接器，拆下方向舵腳蹬內(nèi)側(cè)的接近蓋板，這樣可以斷開同軸接頭。然后拆下飛行管理計算機(jī)（FMC）控制顯示組件（CDU），拆下支架。同軸連接器在支架上。,CDU TEST,34 Navigation,導(dǎo)航：狹義，就是引導(dǎo)航行的意思。廣義，有目的地、安全有效的引導(dǎo)飛機(jī)從一個地方到另外一個地方的控制過程。,全靜壓系統(tǒng),The purpose of the static and total air pressure system is to measure pitot and static air pressure. These pressures are used to calcu

23、late flight parameters such as airspeed and altitude.,Air data instruments,The air data instruments supply the crew with standby indications of the airplane altitude and indicated airspeed (IAS).,Overspeed warning,The mach airspeed warning system gets the overspeed warning signal from an ADIRU. The

24、signal means that the airspeed is more than the maximum operating limit speed (VMO) or the maximum operating mach (MMO). This signal turns on the clacker sound in the aural warning module.,ADIRU,The air data inertial reference system (ADIRS) has two primary functions: * Air data reference (ADR) * In

25、ertial reference (IR). The ADR function calculates airspeed and barometric altitude. The IR function calculates this data: * Attitude * Present position * Groundspeed * Heading.,RMI,The radio magnetic indicator is a standby instrument. Its purpose is to show relative bearing to VOR and ADF stations.

26、 It also shows airplane magnetic heading.,Standby magnetic compass,The standby magnetic compass is a backup magnetic heading reference.,Standby attitudereference system,The standby attitude reference system is a backup system. It gives the pilots indications of airplane attitude in pitch and roll. T

27、he standby attitude reference system also shows instrument landing system (ILS) localizer and glideslope deviation.,ILS,The multi-mode receiver (MMR) contains the instrument landing system and the global positioning system functions.This section only covers the instrument landing system function. Th

28、e instrument landing system (ILS) provides lateral and vertical position data neccessary to put the airplane on the runway for approach. The system uses signals from a glideslope ground station and a localizer ground station. The glideslope ground station transmits signals to give the airplane a des

29、cent path to the touchdown point on the runway. The localizer ground station transmits signals to give the airplane lateral guidance to the runway centerline.,MARK BEACON,The marker beacon system supplies visual and aural indications when the airplane flies over airport runway marker beacon transmit

30、ters.,Radio aitimeter sys,The radio altimeter (RA) system measures the vertical distance from the airplane to the ground. The radio altitude shows in the flight compartment on the display units (DU). The radio altitude is computed with the receiver transmitter unit by comparing the transmitted signa

31、l to the received signal. The R/T unit transmits a radio signal then receives the reflected RF signal back from the ground to determine the altitude of the aircraft. The R/T sends computed altitude data out on two ARINC 429 data busesto user systems on the aircraft. The flight crew and other airplan

32、e systems use the altitude data during low altitude flight, approach, and landing. The system has a range of -12 to 2500 feet.,Weather radar,The weather radar (WXR) system supplies these visual indications: * Weather conditions * Windshear events * Land contours. WXR operates on the same principle a

33、s an echo. The WXR system transmits radio frequency (RF) pulses in a 180 degree area forward of the airplane. Objects reflect the pulses back to the receiver. The receiver processes the return signal to show weather, terrain, and windshear events.,The WXR returns show in four different colors on the

34、 navigation displays (ND). Colors of the indications give the crew information about the intensity of the returns. The predictive wind shear (PWS) cautions and warnings show in amber and red on the ND and PFD displays. Also, there are aural alerts for PWS cautions and warnings.,TCAS,The traffic aler

35、t and collision avoidance system (TCAS) helps the flight crew maintain safe air traffic separation from other ATC transponder equipped airplanes. TCAS is an airborne system and operates independently of the ground-based ATC system.,TCAS sends interrogation signals to nearby airplanes. These airplane

36、s which are equipped with an air traffic control radar beacon system (ATCRBS) transponder or an air traffic control (ATC) mode S transponder respond to these interrogations. TCAS uses these response signals to calculate the range, relative bearing, and altitude of the responding airplane. If a respo

37、nding airplane does not report altitude, TCAS cannot calculate the altitude of that airplane. Airplanes tracked by TCAS are called targets.,Using the information from the response signals and altitude of own airplane, TCAS calculates the relative movement between own airplane and the target. TCAS th

38、en calculates how close the target will be to own airplane at the closest point of approach (CPA). Targets are classified as one of these four types depending on the separation at CPA and the time it will take until CPA occurs: * Other traffic * Proximate traffic * Intruders * Threats.,Each type of

39、target has a different symbol on the display.If the separation at CPA is within certain limits, TCAS provides advisory messages to the flight crew. TCAS provides two levels of advisories to the flight crew, traffic advisory (TA) and resolution advisory (RA). The type of advisory is determined by a c

40、ombination of altitude, the time to CPA, and the separation at CPA. The TA shows for relatively longer times to CPA and relatively larger separation at CPA and is for intruder targets.,The RA shows for relatively shorter times to CPA and relatively smaller separation at CPA and is for threat targets

41、. The TA shows the range, bearing, and relative altitude (if relative altitude is known) of the intruder target. The RA also gives visual and aural commands to the flight crew to make sure there is safe vertical separation from the threat target. TCAS also communicates with other airplanes that have

42、 TCAS to coordinate the flight movement to prevent a collision.,GPWS,The ground proximity warning system (GPWS) alerts the flight crew of an unsafe condition when the airplane is near the terrain. It also supplies a warning for windshear conditions. The GPWS uses global positioning system (GPS)and d

43、isk loadable software data bases to give the flight crew improved terrain awareness. This is done by the display of detailed terrain information for the area around the aircraft. The GPWS also warns the flight crew of an early descent.,VOR,The VHF omnidirectional ranging (VOR) system is a navigation

44、 aid that gives magnetic bearing data from a VOR ground station to the airplane. The VOR ground stations transmit signals that give magnetic radial information from 000 degrees to 359 degrees. All VOR stations reference the 000 degree to magnetic north.,ATC,The air traffic control (ATC) ground stati

45、ons interrogate the airborne ATC system. The ATC transponder replies to the interrogations in the form of coded information that the ground station uses. The ATC transponder also replies to mode S interrogations from the traffic alert and collision avoidance systems (TCAS) of other airplanes or grou

46、nd stations.,When a ground station or a TCAS computer from another airplane interrogates the ATC system, the transponder transmits a pulse-coded reply signal. The reply signal identifies and shows the altitude of the airplane. * Maximum airspeed * TCAS coordinating signals * TCAS status * Altitude * Mode A identity code * Twenty-four bit address.,DME,The distance measuring equipment (DME) system supplies slant range (line of sight) distance measurement between the airplane and the ground station.,ADF,The automatic direction finder (ADF) system is a navig