1、菲迪克條款解讀編寫人:王平講師:王平,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程版權(quán)所有,第1/4講,目錄,一、菲迪克機(jī)構(gòu)介紹 二、菲迪克合同范本介紹 三、紅皮書中主要事項(xiàng)的典型順序 四、合同各方與條款 五、合同構(gòu)成文件與條款 六、“工程”術(shù)語(yǔ)與條款 七、“施工”術(shù)語(yǔ)與條款 八、 “驗(yàn)工計(jì)價(jià)” 術(shù)語(yǔ)與條款 九、 “缺陷”術(shù)語(yǔ)與條款 十、 “仲裁”術(shù)語(yǔ)與條款 十一、其它高頻使用術(shù)語(yǔ)與條款,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,一、菲迪克機(jī)構(gòu)介紹,FIDIC是“國(guó)際咨詢工程師聯(lián)合會(huì)”法文名稱Fdration Internationale Des Ingnieurs-Conseils 5個(gè)首寫字母拼成的。其英文名稱是Intern

2、ational Federation of Consulting Engineers。FIDIC于1913年在英國(guó)成立。目前總部在瑞士的洛桑。中國(guó)1996年加入正式加入。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,二、菲迪克合同范本介紹,1.施工合同條件 Conditions of Contract for Construction Which are recommended for building or engineering works designed by the Employer or by his representative, the Engineer. Under the usual arr

3、angements for this type of contract, the Contractor constructs the works in accordance with a design provided by the Employer. However, the works may include some elements of Contractor-designed civil, mechanical, electrical and/or construction works.,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,二、菲迪克合同范本介紹,2.生產(chǎn)設(shè)備和設(shè)計(jì)施工合同條件（Conditi

4、ons of Contract for Plant and Design - Build） Which are recommended for the provision of electrical and/or mechanical plant, and for the design and execution of building or engineering works. Under the usual arrangements for this type of contract, the Contractor designs and provides, in accordance w

5、ith the Employers requirements, plant and/or other works; which may include any combination of civil, mechanical, electrical and/or construction works.,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,二、菲迪克合同范本介紹,3.設(shè)計(jì)采購(gòu)施工（EPC）/交鑰匙工程合同條件（Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects） Which may be suitable for the provision on a turnk

6、ey basis of a process or power plant, of a factory or similar facility, or of an infrastructure project or other type of development, where (i) a higher degree of certainty of final price and time is required, and (ii) the contractor takes total responsibility for the design and execution of the pro

7、ject, with little involvement of the Employer. Under the usual arrangements for turnkey projects, the Contractor carries out all the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC), providing a fully-equipped facility, ready for operation (at the “turn of the key” ).,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,二、菲迪克合同范本介紹,4.簡(jiǎn)明合同格

8、式（Short Form of Contract） Which is recommended for building or engineering works of relatively small capital value. Depending on the type of work and the circumstances, this form may also be suitable for contracts of greater value, particularly for relatively simple or repetitive work or work of sho

9、rt duration. Under the usual arrangements for this type of contract, the Contractor constructs the works in accordance with a design provided by the Employer or by his representative (if any), but this form may also be suitable for a contract which includes, or wholly comprises, Contractor-designed

10、civil, mechanical, electrical and/or construction works.,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,三、紅皮書中主要事項(xiàng)的典型順序,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,四、合同各方與條款,在國(guó)際承包工程的合同中，通常會(huì)涉及三方：業(yè)主，監(jiān)理工程師和承包商。他們之間是“三位一體”的關(guān)系（The trinity of Employer, Engineer, and Contractor） 。除此之外，還可能會(huì)涉及到分包商、指定分包商和融資機(jī)構(gòu)。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,四、合同各方與條款,1. 業(yè)主（Employer） 業(yè)主是建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的財(cái)產(chǎn)擁有人，可以是國(guó)有機(jī)構(gòu)，也可

11、以是私有企業(yè)，在出版發(fā)行的FIDIC書籍中通常譯為“雇主”。在紅皮書中，業(yè)主的正規(guī)英語(yǔ)名稱是Employer, 但在某些承包合同中，也有使用Client或Owner的，在中國(guó)，也有用“建設(shè)方”或“建設(shè)單位”來(lái)指業(yè)主的。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,四、合同各方與條款,條款解讀： The Employer shall give the Contractor right of access to, and possession of, all parts of the Site within the time (or times) stated in the Appendix to Tender.

12、The right and possession may not be exclusive to the Contractor. If, under the Contract, the Employer is required to give (to the Contractor) possession of any foundation, structure, plant or means of access, the Employer shall do so in the time and manner stated in the Specification. However, the E

13、mployer may withhold any such right or possession until the Performance Security has been received. 業(yè)主應(yīng)在投標(biāo)書附錄中規(guī)定的時(shí)間（或幾個(gè)時(shí)間）內(nèi)給予承包商進(jìn)入和占用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)各部分的權(quán)利。此項(xiàng)進(jìn)入和占用權(quán)可不為承包商獨(dú)享。如果根據(jù)合同，要求業(yè)主（向承包商）提供任何基礎(chǔ)、結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)設(shè)備或進(jìn)入手段的占用權(quán)，業(yè)主應(yīng)按規(guī)范規(guī)定的時(shí)間和方式提供。但業(yè)主在收到履約擔(dān)保前，可保留上述任何進(jìn)入或占用權(quán)，暫不給予。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,四、合同各方與條款,條款解讀： If the Contractor suff

14、ers delay and/or incurs Cost as a result of a failure by the Employer to give any such right or possession within such time, the Contractor shall give notice to the Engineer and shall be entitled subject to Sub-Clause 20.1 Contractors Claims to: (a) an extension of time for any such delay, if comple

15、tion is or will be delayed, under Sub-Clause 8.4 Extension of Time for Completion, and (b) payment of any such Cost plus reasonable profit, which shall be included in the Contract Price. 如果業(yè)主未能及時(shí)給予承包商上述進(jìn)入和占用的權(quán)利，使承包商遭受延誤（或）招致增加費(fèi)用，承包商應(yīng)向工程師發(fā)出通知，根據(jù)第20.1款承包商的索賠的規(guī)定，有權(quán)要求：(a) 根據(jù)第8.4款竣工時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)的規(guī)定，如果竣工已經(jīng)或?qū)⑹艿窖诱`，

16、對(duì)任何此類延誤給予延長(zhǎng)期；（b）任何此類費(fèi)用和合理利潤(rùn)，應(yīng)計(jì)入合同價(jià)格，給予支付。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,四、合同各方與條款,2. 咨詢工程師（Engineer） 第一個(gè)字母大寫的Engineer 在國(guó)際承包工程中就特指咨詢工程師（Consulting engineer）或監(jiān)理工程師（Supervisory engineer）。監(jiān)理工程師與咨詢工程師的區(qū)別只在于其不同階段的不同主要職責(zé)。例如工程施工階段咨詢工程師的主要任務(wù)是工程監(jiān)理，大家就稱其為監(jiān)理工程師，甚至中國(guó)工人簡(jiǎn)稱他們?yōu)椤氨O(jiān)工”，實(shí)際上他們不是一般意義上的監(jiān)工，而是學(xué)歷高、精通專業(yè)、熟悉FIDIC條款，又精通英語(yǔ)的高素質(zhì)人才。在施

17、工期間，與承包商一起居住在工地的Engineer稱為Resident Engineer(駐地工程師)。 咨詢工程師也是由業(yè)主通過(guò)招標(biāo)在諸多參加投標(biāo)的咨詢公司中選定的。業(yè)主一旦選定了咨詢工程師，咨詢工程師就成為工程實(shí)施的中間人、設(shè)計(jì)者、施工監(jiān)理，和業(yè)主與承包商之間糾紛的準(zhǔn)仲裁員，更是業(yè)主的代理人（但與業(yè)主不能有任何依附或從屬關(guān)系）。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,四、合同各方與條款,條款解讀： The Employer shall appoint the Engineer who shall carry out the duties assigned to Authority him in the

18、Contract. The Engineers staff shall include suitably qualified engineers and other professionals who are competent to carry out these duties. 業(yè)主應(yīng)任命工程師，工程師應(yīng)履行合同中指派給他的任務(wù)。工程師的職員應(yīng)包括具有適當(dāng)資質(zhì)的工程師和能承擔(dān)這些任務(wù)的其他專業(yè)人員。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,四、合同各方與條款,條款解讀： The Engineer shall have no authority to amend the Contract. The Eng

19、ineer may exercise the authority attributable to the Engineer as specified in or necessarily to be implied from the Contract. If the Engineer is required to obtain the approval of the Employer before exercising a specified authority, the requirements shall be as stated in the Particular Conditions.

20、The Employer undertakes not to impose further constraints on the Engineers authority, except as agreed with the Contractor. 工程師無(wú)權(quán)修改合同。工程師可以行使合同中規(guī)定的、或必然隱含的應(yīng)屬于工程師的權(quán)力。如果要求工程師在行使規(guī)定權(quán)力前取得業(yè)主批準(zhǔn)，這些要求應(yīng)在專用條件中寫明。除得到承包商同意外，業(yè)主承諾不對(duì)工程師的權(quán)力作進(jìn)一步的限制。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,四、合同各方與條款,條款解讀： However, whenever the Engineer exercises

21、 a specified authority for which the Employers approval is required, then (for the purposes of the Contract) the Employer shall be deemed to have given approval. 但是，每當(dāng)工程師行使需由業(yè)主批準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定權(quán)力時(shí)，則（為了合同的目的）應(yīng)視為業(yè)主已批準(zhǔn)。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,四、合同各方與條款,3. 承包商（Contractor） 承包商就是投標(biāo)的獲勝者，他將在交付履約保函（Performance guarantee）后按照與業(yè)主簽訂的

22、合同和技術(shù)規(guī)范（Specification）的要求實(shí)施合同項(xiàng)目。在中文里，有時(shí)提到的施工方（或施工單位），如果他們與業(yè)主有承包合同關(guān)系的話，實(shí)際也就是指承包商。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,四、合同各方與條款,條款解讀： The Contractor shall design (to the extent specified in the Contract), execute and complete the Works in accordance with the Contract and with the Engineers instructions, and shall remedy an

23、y defects in the Works. 承包商應(yīng)按照合同及工程師的指示，設(shè)計(jì)（在合同規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)）、實(shí)施和完成工程，并修補(bǔ)工程中的任何缺陷。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,四、合同各方與條款,條款解讀： The Contractor shall provide the Plant and Contractors Documents specified in the Contract, and all Contractors Personnel, Goods, consumables and other things and services, whether of a temporary

24、or permanent nature, required in and for this design, execution, completion and remedying of defects. 承包商應(yīng)提供合同規(guī)定的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備和承包商文件，以及此項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)、施工、竣工和修補(bǔ)缺陷所需的所有臨時(shí)性或永久性的承包商人員、貨物、消耗品及其他物品和服務(wù)。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,四、合同各方與條款,條款解讀： The Contractor shall be responsible for the adequacy, stability and safety of all Site operatio

25、ns and of all methods of construction. Except to the extent specified in the Contract, the Contractor (i) shall be responsible for all Contractors Documents, Temporary Works, and such design of each item of Plant and Materials as is required for the item to be in accordance with the Contract, and (i

26、i) shall not otherwise be responsible for the design or specification of the Permanent Works. 承包商應(yīng)對(duì)所有現(xiàn)場(chǎng)作業(yè)、所有施工方法和全部工程的完備性、穩(wěn)定性和安全性承擔(dān)責(zé)任。除非合同另有規(guī)定，承包商（i）對(duì)所有承包商文件、臨時(shí)工程、及按照合同要求的每項(xiàng)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備和材料的設(shè)計(jì)承擔(dān)責(zé)任，（ii）不應(yīng)對(duì)其他永久工程的設(shè)計(jì)或規(guī)范負(fù)責(zé)。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,四、合同各方與條款,4. 分包商（Subcontractor） 在規(guī)模較大的國(guó)際承包工程中，總承包商可以將工程中專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的部分工程分包給其它專業(yè)公司。

27、通常分包的工程量不應(yīng)超過(guò)合同總價(jià)的50%，以防止出現(xiàn)“賣標(biāo)”（Selling bid packet）現(xiàn)象。在與分包商簽合同前，需要獲得監(jiān)理工程師的批準(zhǔn)，并且不要忘記讓分包商也提交履約保函，否則總承包商就無(wú)法控制分包商。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,四、合同各方與條款,條款解讀： The Contractor shall not subcontract the whole of the works. The Contractor shall be responsible for the acts or defaults of any Subcontractor, his agents or emp

28、loyees, as if they were the acts or defaults of the Contractor. 承包商不得將整個(gè)工程分包出去。承包商應(yīng)對(duì)任何分包商、其代理人員或雇員的行為或違約，如同承包商自己的行為或違約一樣地負(fù)責(zé)。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,四、合同各方與條款,6. 融資機(jī)構(gòu)或銀行（Financing Institution/Bank） 國(guó)際承包工程還涉及資金提供方。由于國(guó)際承包工程大多是在發(fā)展中國(guó)家實(shí)施的，工程所需的資金往往都是從世界銀行（The World Bank）、亞洲銀行、非洲開發(fā)銀行、科威特基金會(huì)等金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款的。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，可靠的國(guó)際金融機(jī)構(gòu)的貸款

29、能保證工程資金的落實(shí)和按時(shí)支付,并且給承包商支付的工程款也以美元等硬通貨（Hard currency）為主，而不是貶值非?？斓漠?dāng)?shù)刎泿?。所以承包商?duì)世界銀行貸款項(xiàng)目特別感興趣。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,五、合同構(gòu)成文件與條款,構(gòu)成合同的文件很多，一般包括合同協(xié)議書、中標(biāo)函、投標(biāo)函、專用條件、通用條件、規(guī)范、圖紙、資料表和構(gòu)成合同組成部分的其他文件。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,五、合同構(gòu)成文件與條款,1. 合同協(xié)議書（Contract Agreement） 合同協(xié)議書，簡(jiǎn)單理解即給合同當(dāng)事人一個(gè)簽字的地方。設(shè)計(jì)這樣一個(gè)文件，將合同主架構(gòu)搭起來(lái)：當(dāng)事人、標(biāo)的物、工期、合同價(jià)款、合同組件及其解釋程

30、序等，然后列明簽字人及證明人以供簽字。所以出現(xiàn)在其中的一些參數(shù)顯得特別重要?！昂贤骷軜?gòu)搭起來(lái)”意味著一部簡(jiǎn)化的合同，同時(shí)這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)化合同又象目錄一樣，指向著對(duì)應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)性合同組件，所以構(gòu)架一定要準(zhǔn)確。當(dāng)事人、標(biāo)的物、工期、合同價(jià)款、合同組件及其解釋程序，以及其他的特定承諾項(xiàng)目，這些文件的對(duì)應(yīng)指向需要寫得明白無(wú)誤，并注意與合同其他部份有無(wú)沖突關(guān)系。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,五、合同構(gòu)成文件與條款,條款解讀： The Parties shall enter into a Contract Agreement within 28 days after the Contractor receives t

31、he Letter of Acceptance, unless they agree otherwise. The Contract Agreement shall be based upon the form annexed to the Particular Conditions. The costs of stamp duties and similar charges (if any) imposed by law in connection with entry into the Contract Agreement shall be borne by the Employer. 除

32、非另有協(xié)議，雙方應(yīng)在承包商收到中標(biāo)函后28天內(nèi)簽訂合同協(xié)議書。合同協(xié)議書應(yīng)以專用條件所附格式為基礎(chǔ)。為簽訂合同協(xié)議書，依法征收的印花稅和類似的費(fèi)用（如果有）應(yīng)由業(yè)主承擔(dān)。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,五、合同構(gòu)成文件與條款,2. 中標(biāo)函Letter of Acceptance 國(guó)內(nèi)把中標(biāo)函稱為中標(biāo)通知書，而且很多法律文件就定義為中標(biāo)通知書。一般認(rèn)為，中標(biāo)函就是雇主通知承包商“你可以進(jìn)場(chǎng)了”那么簡(jiǎn)單，實(shí)際上中標(biāo)函的法律意義很重要。我國(guó)的工程合同是要約承諾制，投標(biāo)函是要約，中標(biāo)函是承諾。中標(biāo)函發(fā)出，即意味著要約承諾的法律過(guò)程生效，也即合同已經(jīng)生效。在招投標(biāo)過(guò)程中，有時(shí)會(huì)操作4-5次甚至更多次的投標(biāo)澄

33、清，其中的某個(gè)過(guò)程甚至?xí)O大地改變招標(biāo)標(biāo)的物以及招標(biāo)要求，如果中標(biāo)函不能明確說(shuō)明是指向哪個(gè)“投標(biāo)承諾”，不能將此對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系描述準(zhǔn)確，則很容易出現(xiàn)失誤。中標(biāo)函是“對(duì)應(yīng)投標(biāo)函”的中標(biāo)函，這就是中標(biāo)函的外延范圍，其他次數(shù)的“投標(biāo)函”，就不一定屬于中標(biāo)函范疇。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,五、合同構(gòu)成文件與條款,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,五、合同構(gòu)成文件與條款,條款解讀： The letter of formal acceptance, signed by the Employer, of the Letter of Tender, including any annexed memoranda comp

34、rising agreements between and signed by both Parties. If there is no such letter of acceptance, the expression Letter of Acceptance means the Contract Agreement and the date of issuing or receiving the Letter of Acceptance means the date of signing the Contract Agreement. “中標(biāo)函”指業(yè)主對(duì)投標(biāo)文件簽署的正式接受函，包括其后所附的備忘錄（由合同各方達(dá)成并簽訂的協(xié)議構(gòu)成）。在沒(méi)有此中標(biāo)函的情況下，“中標(biāo)函”一詞就指合同協(xié)議書，頒發(fā)或接收中標(biāo)函的日期就指雙方簽訂合同協(xié)議書的日期。,譯采翻譯孵化中心培訓(xùn)教程,五、合同構(gòu)成文件與條款,3. 投標(biāo)函（ Letter of tender ） 按招標(biāo)要求投標(biāo)函都需要密封送達(dá)，所以其外延范圍比較容易確