1、初中英語動詞時態(tài)講解,Fun With English! 九年級,動詞的構(gòu)成,be 動詞 助動詞 情態(tài)動詞 系動詞 實義動詞,be 動詞,be動詞的幾種形式 am is are was were being Been,be動詞的用法,與名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞連用 I am a doctor. He is ten. They are tired. The cat is under the table.,be動詞的用法,There be 句型 用于不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)之前 There is a pen on the desk. There is some water in the glass

2、. 用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前 There are some sheep in the hill. 用于一般將來時 There is going to be a film in our school next Sunday. 用于一般過去時 There was a book on the desk yesterday. 注意：請根據(jù)時態(tài)和句中的名詞選擇適當(dāng)形式。,be動詞的用法,Be 動詞在時態(tài)中的運用 在現(xiàn)在進行時中 We are talking. 在過去進行時中 We were talking at this time yesterday.,助動詞,助動詞的幾種形式 do /dont Does/ d

3、oesnt Did/ didnt will /wont have havent /has hasnt/had hadnt,助動詞的用法,對句子進行否定和疑問 Do you get up early every day? I didnt have lunch yesterday. Will you be back soon? He hasnt finished the work yet. 在反意疑問句中 He works in a school, doesnt he? She has never been there,has she? 在倒裝句中 They helped the farmers

4、, so did we. I wont visit the famous singer,neither will he.,情態(tài)動詞,共同特點 情態(tài)動詞后面跟動詞原型 無論否定、疑問、倒裝句、或反意疑問句都用情態(tài)動詞 只有時態(tài)變化，沒有人稱變化,情態(tài)動詞,解釋 can / could 在表示請求允許的時候兩者和互換， could比can語氣更委婉。 Can I help you? Could you open the window? 在表示有能力作某事時，could是can的過去式。 I can swim. I could swim at the age of five.,情態(tài)動詞,解釋 Mus

5、t /have to Must 表示主觀意愿，否定句用Mustnt，否定回答用neednt I must go now. You mustnt play in the street. Must I clean the room now? No,you neednt. have to表示客觀條件的限制的“不得不”，它有時態(tài)和人稱變化，需要助動詞來否定和疑問。 I dont have to carry the big box. He had to wash his clothes.,情態(tài)動詞,解釋 May 表示請求別人允許。 May I use your bike? 表示可能性。 He may b

6、e a teacher. He may live in this building.,系動詞,我們所學(xué)過的系動詞是 Get，turn，be come，be動詞 感觀動詞look，sound，smell，taste，feel 系動詞只和形容詞連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu) I feel hungry. The day gets longer and longer. He looked happy.,實義動詞,實義動詞指的是有具體行為意思的動詞。 實義動詞在句中可以做謂語動詞和非謂語動詞。 做謂語動詞的用法 動詞會有四種形式：單三，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去式，過去分詞,實義動詞,注意：掌握四種形式的變化規(guī)律 He wo

7、rks in the office. We are dancing together. I caught a cold last week. She has watered the flower.,實義動詞,做非謂語動詞的用法（指出現(xiàn)在謂語動詞之后的動詞，它受前面謂語動詞的限制） 動詞會有三種形式： 原型(do) 動名詞(doing) 不定式(to do),實義動詞,用原型： let sb.do make sb.do help sb.(to)do had better do,實義動詞,用動名詞： like doing enjoy doing finish doing 介詞之后用動名詞 be g

8、ood at doing what about doing thank you for doing,實義動詞,用不定式： want to do decide to do plan to do would like to do learn to do tell sb.( not)to do ask sb.(not) to do,實義動詞,注意下列詞不同形式的不同用法: remember doing/to do forget doing/to do stop doing/to do go on doing/to do,時態(tài),一般現(xiàn)在時 一般將來時 一般過去時 現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在完成時 過去進行時 過

9、去將來時 過去完成時,一般現(xiàn)在時,1.表示事實,現(xiàn)狀,性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常的,習(xí)慣的動作,常與often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等時間狀語連用, 如： He has a brother. 2.表示普遍真理.如： The earth goes round the sun. 3.表示在現(xiàn)在時間里所發(fā)生的一個動作 .如：Here comes the train. 4.在時間和條件狀語從句中代表一般將來時 . 如：Ill go with you if you

10、are free tomorrow.,一般現(xiàn)在時,動詞碰到第三人稱單數(shù)時，要加 “s” work - works 輔音字母和“y”結(jié)尾的詞，如carry - carries 以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的加“es”，如wash - washes go - goes do - does have - has,一般現(xiàn)在時,例句 He goes to school on foot every day. We often have supper at home. She doesnt do her work every Sunday.,現(xiàn)在進行時,結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are + 動詞的-ing形式 用法：

11、1.表示目前發(fā)生(進行)的動作(不指狀態(tài)),常用時間狀語有:now,at the moment 等,并常出現(xiàn)在祈使句的句子中,與 look, listen連用. eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room. 2.表示目前階段正在進行,而此刻不一定在進行的動作. eg. They are planting trees these days.,3.表示按計劃或安排即將進行的動作,表示這種動作的動詞有:come, go, leave, arrive

12、, start, see等,并常與表示將來時間的狀語連用. eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon. 注意: 某些表示感覺或狀態(tài)的動詞,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用現(xiàn)在進行時. eg. Lucy prefers art to science.,現(xiàn)在進行時,一般將來時,一般將來時表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) 結(jié)構(gòu)： 助動詞shall/will + 動詞原形（shall一般用于主語是第一人稱時， Will是英語任何主語。） 肯定式:主語+shall/will+動詞原形+其他

13、 否定式:主語+shall/will+not+動詞原形+其他. 疑問式:Shall/Will+主語+動詞原形+其他 簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+shall/will . (否)No,主語+shall/will+not 縮寫形式: ll =shall/will shant= shall not wont = will not,用法: 1. 表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況,常用時間狀語有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等. 如. I shall be eighteen years old next year

14、. 2.表示某種必然的趨勢 如Fish will die without water. 解析： 1. 在以第一人稱為主語的問句中,常用 shall 表示提議和詢問情況,在以第二 人稱作主語的問句中,用will 表示請求. 如. Where shall we have the meeting? Will you please lend me your pen?,一般將來時,2.當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時,用will 表示意愿.決心.允諾.命令等. 如 I will give you an English-Chinese dictionary for your birthday. 3.在時間或條件狀語從句

15、中,一般用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時. 如 Tom will write to me when he gets there. 4.be going to +動詞原形也可表示將來時. (1).表示主觀意愿.打算等. eg. Hes going to learn English next term. (2).根據(jù)已有跡象,可能要發(fā)生的情況 eg. Look at the black clouds! -It is going to rain.,一般將來時,一般過去時,一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般過去時通常由動詞的過 去式表示。 結(jié)構(gòu)： 1.動詞的第一、三人稱單數(shù)用was,其他人稱用w

16、ere,其肯定式,否定式, 疑問式和簡略回答形式與一般現(xiàn)在時相似。 2.行為動詞的過去式分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種, 規(guī)則動詞的過去式是在動 詞后加-d或-ed,不規(guī)則動詞參照不規(guī)則動詞表,需要專門記憶。 肯定式:主語+動詞的過去式 + 其他,如：I got up at six this morning. 否定式:主語 + did not + 動詞原形 + 其他 如：John didnt live here last year. 疑問式:Did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其他 如：Did you see him a moment ago? 簡略回答.(肯)Yes, 主語 +did (否)No ,

17、主語 + didnt. 用法： 1.主要用于過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài). 如.My father was at work yesterday. 2.表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作,常與often,always 等表示頻度的 時間狀語連用. 如，He always went to work by bus last summer.,一般過去時,3.和when等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用. 如.When she reached home, she had a short rest. 4.常與表示過去的時間狀語, 如 ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days,

18、when I was five years old, in 1995 等連用. 如They began the work two months ago. Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was.,一般過去時,現(xiàn)在完成時,動詞變化 動詞變成過去分詞加ed Play - played 輔音字母和“y”結(jié)尾的詞，如carry - carried 重讀閉音節(jié)的單詞，雙寫最后一個字母，再加ed stop - stopped 不規(guī)則動詞見書后動詞表 動詞由have（has）+ 過去分詞 構(gòu)成,現(xiàn)在完成時,表示動作已經(jīng)完成 He has left . I have already had a rest. 表示動作不僅已經(jīng)完成，還要持續(xù)（在這個用法當(dāng)中，動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞，與for引導(dǎo)的一段時間和sin