1、,非謂語動(dòng)詞 ing,非謂語動(dòng)詞-動(dòng)詞ing 動(dòng)詞-ing形式是三種非謂語動(dòng)詞中的一種，它由動(dòng)詞原形加ing構(gòu)成，有的動(dòng)詞+ing形式在句中起名詞作用，有的則起形容詞作用或副詞作用。所以在句中動(dòng)詞ing形式可以擔(dān)當(dāng)除了謂語以外的任何成分，即：主語，表語，賓語，（介詞賓語和動(dòng)詞賓語），定語，狀語和賓補(bǔ)。,一 .動(dòng)詞ing的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) （以do為例）,Arriving at the station, they found the train had already gone. (2)如果非謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，就要用完成式 Having realized his mistake, he ma

2、de an apology.,(1)非謂語的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，用一般式。,動(dòng)詞ing的被動(dòng)式 動(dòng)詞ing的邏輯主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)式. eg: The building being built now is our school. He did not mind being left at home。,Having been sent to the countryside, he had to leave the city.,注意： want， need， require, deserve（應(yīng)該得到，值得）等動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)式。 wan

3、t/need/require doing =want/need/require to be done The house needs repairing。 The young trees require watering。,二 動(dòng)詞ing的語法功能,1動(dòng)詞ing作主語 Laying eggs is her full time job. 用it 代替動(dòng)名詞作形式主語，如： It was no use sending him to a hospital. Its a waste of time arguing with him about it.,動(dòng)名詞和不定式作主語，一般都可以使用形式主語it，

4、而將動(dòng)名詞或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用動(dòng)名詞，不宜用不定式來代替： Its no use doing Its no good doing Its a waste of time doing Its useless doing Its pleasant doing,而在Its important Its necessary Its advisable （明智的，可取的） Its essential (必要的，重要的) Its fitting 這類句型中，只能用不定式， 如： Its important to learn foreign languages. Its quite n

5、ecessary to read it many times.,注意 不定式和動(dòng)詞ing結(jié)構(gòu)作主語的區(qū)別 不定式和動(dòng)詞ing結(jié)構(gòu)都能作主語，但從語義上看，用動(dòng)詞ing結(jié)構(gòu)作主語泛指意義較強(qiáng)，而不定式作主語表示具體的、個(gè)別的或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作。 Compare: eg.Reading novels is an enjoyment. eg.To read this novel is my homework To complete the works will take us two years.,2.做表語,The real problem is getting to know the needs of

6、 people.,My job is teaching.,動(dòng)詞ing作表語和不定式作表語用法比較,一般可互換,習(xí)慣上主語是不定式時(shí)，表語也用不定式。主語是動(dòng)詞ing時(shí)表語也用動(dòng)詞ing。 To see is to believe. Studying is working.,3動(dòng)詞ing作賓語 (1)做動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語的賓語 只接動(dòng)詞ing，不接不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞有： complete, finish, enjoy, mind, practice, resist(抵制、抵抗), risk(冒險(xiǎn)), suggest, advise, understand, excuse / forgive(原諒，諒

7、解), mention, delay(耽擱), imagine, fancy(想像), miss , prevent, consider(考慮), avoid(避免), keep, dislike, escape, admit(承認(rèn)), appreciate(感激), include, allow, permit , forbid(禁止),接動(dòng)詞ing作賓語的短語 put off, insist on, keep on, give up, feel like, depend on, succeed in, be worth, be fond of, be good at, what about

8、/how about. be busy (in) doing spend / waste (in) doing have some/no difficulty/trouble (in) doing,（2）用作介詞的賓語 be (get) used to 習(xí)慣于; come to 談到 add to 加上; look forward to 期待 devote. to 獻(xiàn)身于; stick to 堅(jiān)持 lead to 導(dǎo)致; pay attention to get down to 開始; contribute to owing to; thanks to; due to object to反對;

9、 apply oneself to 致力于 以上短語中，to是介詞后接動(dòng)詞ing,4.動(dòng)詞-ing做定語,動(dòng)詞-ing做定語時(shí)，表示所修飾詞的用途,a reading room ; a walking stick,還含有進(jìn)行和主動(dòng)的意思,e.g I know the young man sleeping on the bench. =I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.,5.v-ing 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 v-ing經(jīng)常用在動(dòng)詞feel, hear, listen to, look at, find, see, watch, notic

10、e, observe, leave, keep, get, set ,have, catch, send等作賓補(bǔ)，其中賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，狀態(tài)正在持續(xù)。,The boy was caught stealing apples. The sound of the guns sent the birds flying away.,6 v-ing 做狀語,Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. （時(shí)間狀語）,Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. （ 原因狀語 ）,T

11、hey came into the classroom, singing and laughing. （方式或伴隨狀語）,The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.（結(jié)果狀語）,三動(dòng)詞ing在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題,1.There is no use point（意義） (in) doing sense（道理） There is no need to do sth. 若要人不知，除非己莫為。 There is no hiding of evil but not to do it 這種事開不得玩笑。 Here is

12、no joking about such matter.,2. 在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如果有名詞或代詞作賓語，則構(gòu)成“allowadviseforbidpermit 名詞代詞不定式（賓語補(bǔ)足語）”之形式。如： We dont allow smoking here We dont allow anybody to smoke here,3. 在begin, continue, love, like, hate, prefer, intend, start后用動(dòng)名詞和 用不定式作賓語均可，意義沒有多 大區(qū)別。,在begin ,start后

13、用不定式的時(shí)候 (1)begin, start 本身是進(jìn)行式 (2)后接see, think, feel, understand, realize, know, consider, wonder. 等心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí) (3)當(dāng)主語是非生物名詞或it時(shí). I was beginning to get angry. She began to understand what he really wanted. The snow began to melt when the sun came out.,4. 動(dòng)詞forget, regret(惋惜 后悔), remember, go on, mean,

14、 stop, try, be used to, cant help后跟動(dòng)名詞和跟不定式區(qū)別較大，須注意。 forget, regret, remember后跟動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；后跟不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。,怎么判斷是動(dòng)名詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞呢？,My job is teaching.,Teaching is my job.,The boy is sleeping.,Sleeping is the boy.,A girl is dancing.,Dancing is the girl.,The book is interesting.,Interesting is the book.

15、,找出右邊成立的句子。,動(dòng)名詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,在做表語的時(shí)候：,作表語,（1）動(dòng)名詞 My job is teaching. =Teaching is my job. Her full-time job is laying eggs. =Laying eggs is her full-time job.,（2）現(xiàn)在分詞 The play is exciting. Exciting is the play. The story he told us was very interesting. Interesting was the story he told us.,在做定語的時(shí)

16、候：,A drinking cup,A cup for drinking,The sleeping boy,A boy for sleeping,A cooking pan,A pan for cooking,A dancing girl,A girl for dancing,找出右邊成立的句子。,動(dòng)名詞,動(dòng)名詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作。,動(dòng)名詞作定語表示性質(zhì)或用途。,總結(jié)：,1. It took the worker only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repa

17、ired,Exercise,2. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing,3. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 4. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for

18、 us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited,5. My brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 6. We should often practice _ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking,7. Keep on _ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying 8. His p

19、arents insist on _ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go,注意：形容詞性物主代詞、人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格和名詞普通格都可做動(dòng)詞ing的邏輯主語。但位于句首時(shí)常用形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格。 Im sure of my brothers /brother passing the exam 我姐姐病了，使我很擔(dān)心。 My sisters being ill made we worried. 你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。 Your being right doesnt necessarily

20、mean my being wrong.,9. The story was so funny that we _. A. couldnt help laugh B. cant but laugh C. couldnt help laughing D. couldnt help but to laugh,10. Though it sounds a bit too dear, it is worth _. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it 11. He devoted his life to _ the atomic theory.

21、 A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied,12. We are both looking forward to _ next week. A. going on vocation B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation,13. You must pay attention to _ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read 14. You should work

22、 tonight instead of _ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching,15. The microscope is used for_ minute (微小的) objects. A. examining B. being examined C. examined D. examine 16. Mike has got used _ up at night. A. to sit B. X C. to sitting D. sitting,17. Once the heart stops _, death fo

23、llows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating 18. We are now busy _ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared,19. I remembered _ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see 20. I regret _ that to her. A. ha

24、ving said B. to have said C. to say D. X,21. The patient must be separated to avoid _ others. A. being infected(感染) B. infecting C. to infect D. infected 22.Your clothes need _. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed,23. _ provides(提供) us with essential nutrients (營養(yǎng)), while _ provides

25、 us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed,24. He attended the party without_. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited 25. By _, water can be changed into gas. A. heating B. being heated C. having heated D. heated,26. On land many objects prevent sound _ very far. A. to travel B. travel C. from traveling D. to traveling 27. She returned home only to find the door open and something_ . A. misse