1、直接引語和間接引語,直接引語和間接引語,基本概念 一般現(xiàn)在時的陳述句的轉述 祈使句的轉述 疑問句的轉述 注意問題,引述別人的話語一般采用兩種方式: 原封不動地引用原話,把它放在括號內,這叫直接引語 (Direct speech); 二. 用自己的話加以轉述, 這叫間接引語 (Indirect speech).,基本概念,Look at this example Jack says, “ I want to have an ice cream.” Mum said, “Mary, what did your little brother say?” Daming said that he wan

2、ted to have an ice cream.,這個例子中，Jack 和Mum說的話是直接引語，Daming說的話就是間接引語。,基本概念,Look at the example: He said, “Its time for lunch.” “I like apples.” Tom said. Jack said, “Mike can swim.”,上面句子中，引號內的句子叫做引語，引號外的動詞（said）叫做引述動詞。,陳述句的轉述,間接引語使用that連接賓語從句,其中that可以省略。 He said (that) it was time for lunch. Tom said (

3、that) he liked apples. Jack said (that) Mike could swim.,人稱發(fā)生相應的變化。 Tom says, “I like apples.” Tom says (that) he likes apples.,謂語動詞時態(tài)的變化： Tom said, “Mike is swimming.” Tom said (that) Mike was swimming.,that引導的賓語從句 Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.,由直接引語轉變?yōu)殚g接引語,有時會引時態(tài)的變化, 注意以下幾個方面:,從句動

4、詞時態(tài)不變 She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.,一般現(xiàn)在時 “I know it,” he said.,一般過去時 He said that he knew it.,現(xiàn)在進行時 “Im making coffee for you all,” she said.,過去進行時 She said she was making coffee for us all.,現(xiàn)在完成時 “I have seen her before,” said he.,過去完成時 He said he had seen her befo

5、re.,一般過去時 “I saw her last Monday,” he said.,過去完成時 He said he had seen her the previous Monday.,過去完成時 “ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.,過去完成時 Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.,一般將來時 He said: “We shall start tomorrow

6、.”,過去將來時 He said they would start the next day.,直接引語變間接引語時, 時態(tài)要發(fā)生變化:,一般現(xiàn)在時 現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在進行時 一般將來時 一般過去時,一般過去時 過去完成時 過去進行時 過去將來時 過去完成時,陳述句的轉述,其它變化,He said, “I am here.” Jack said, “There is a good film tonight.”,He said (that) he was there.,Jack said (that) there was a good film that night.,由直接引語轉變?yōu)殚g接引語,下

7、列情況時態(tài)不變:,1. 不變的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.,2. 經常的習慣： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs eve

8、ry day.,3. 歷史事件： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.,4. 部分情態(tài)動詞,如must, ought to, used to, had better等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.,祈使句的轉述,He said to the children, “Please be quiet.” He said to Betty, “Stop

9、.”,He told the children to be quiet. He asked Betty to stop.,直接引語中含有please，間接引語中謂語動詞一般用ask。 一般情況下可以用tell，語氣更強的話，可以用order。,將下列句子改為間接引語。 They said to Betty, “Please come soon.” Mary said to Tony, “Please bring some food.” “Wash your hands.” Mother said to Tom. The teacher said to Jim, “Do bring your h

10、omework to school.” She said to Sally, “Please dont close the door.” Lingling said to them, “Dont make any noise.”,疑問句的轉述,直接引語是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要用whether或if來引導，從句是陳述語序。謂語動詞是said時，要改為asked。 She asked me, “Are you interested in history?” Jack said to me, “Do you know Mike?”,She asked me if/whether I was

11、interested in history. Jack asked me if/whether I knew Mike.,直接引語是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，從句要用原來的特殊疑問詞引導。從句使用陳述語序。 He asked me, “Who is that man?”,He asked me who that man was.,1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stories. 2. “I dont like computers,” Sara

12、h said to her friend. Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.,Exercise I,3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked. Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook. 4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann. Mary asked Ann how she could do that. 5. “What difference does

13、it make?” Peter asked Jim. Peter asked Jim what difference it made.,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,Exercise II,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told

14、her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walke

15、dthis week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that w

16、ere wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago,7. She asked, “Whose house will he bre

17、ak into next time ?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?” Black a