1、,英語專題講座 -冠詞,trinawangping,講座內容,一知識概述 二考試大綱解讀 三.高考地位 四.學情分析 五.命題規(guī)律 六.命題趨勢 七.考點分布 八.專題講解,九.高考鏈接,專題講解,冠詞的分類,不定冠詞的用法,定冠詞的用法,零冠詞的用法,冠詞的活用,冠詞的位置,有定冠詞和無定冠詞的區(qū)別,一【知識概述】,冠詞是一種虛詞，是名詞的一種標志，它不能離開名詞而獨立存在，即本身不能單獨使用，也沒有詞義。它用在名次前幫助指明其含義，表明主語數量或特征。,二.【考試大綱解讀】,三.【高考地位】,冠詞是高中階段英語學習的一個重點，也是高考英語每年必考的一個考點，是歷年高考的熱點，掌握冠詞的運用

2、對于語言理解和運用具有重要的意義。單項選擇,完形填空,短文改錯中會直接出題。,四.【學情分析】 一 .考生的英語基礎知識不扎實 二.考生缺乏對冠詞命題特點的 了解和做題規(guī)律方法的總結 三.考生對冠詞的知識點掌握的 不透徹。,五. 【命題規(guī)律】,近幾年高考對冠詞的考查具有“回歸基礎”的特點，考察方式非常靈活，設置了具體的語境或對話來考察定冠詞，不定冠詞的基本用法，同時也對零冠詞及由冠詞構成的習語或搭配進行了考查。,縱觀近年各地高考試卷，命題把冠詞的基本用法，慣用法，具體語境中的活用以及相關習語作為考查重點；強調語言的情境化，試題的語境設計真實復雜，同時將冠詞語名詞結合在一起考查。,六. 【命題趨

3、勢】,七. 【考點分布】,專題講解,一、冠詞的分類,二、不定冠詞的用法,例1 Jacks father is _ doctor. A. a B. an C. some D. /,分析 a和an均用于單數可數名詞之前，表示一類人或事物中的“任何”一個，相當于漢語中的“一”，但不用于強調數目的概念。,A,例2 There is _ “f” and _ “u” in the word “four”. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, an D. a, an,分析在名詞前使用a或an要取決于該名詞的讀音。如果首字母的讀音是元音因素，應用an；如果首字母的讀音是輔音音素，應用a。,A,歸納

4、：1. a,e,i,o,u五個元音字母處于詞首時，未必都是元音音素，u發(fā)音是ju:或ju時前面用冠詞a，u讀時前面用冠詞an。,2. 26個字母中開頭為元音音素發(fā)音的字母有：f ef, h eit, l el, n en, r :, s es, xeks 。 There is an “R” in the word. This is a European country. European詞首字母不發(fā)音， j是輔音音素。 This is a one-eyed dog. one w是輔音音素。,例Tom is _ honest boy. We all like him. A. a B. an C.

5、 the D. /,分析honest 中h不發(fā)音，讀音以元音音素 放于前面，表示“一個”時應加an。,B,例 -Why not take _ friend with you? -Thats _ good idea. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a,分析 使用不定冠詞指某人或某物，但不具體說明是 何人或何物。,A,例6 English is _ language. It is _ important tool. A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an D. a, /,分析 a language意為“一種語言”。language 是可

6、數名詞。,B,例Tom has _ high fever and his mother is looking after him. A. a B. the C. an D./,分析表示生什么病前應用a, have a headache, have a cold。,A,例Mary takes _ walk after supper every day. A. the B. a C./ D. one,分析give, take, have與一些動詞名詞化的詞連用，表示一次動作，名詞前要加a。 have a talk (bath, look) make a living (promise) take

7、a swim (walk, rest) give a talk (whistle, smile),B,不定冠詞的用法 1、表示一類人或事物中的“任何” 一個，相當于漢語中“一”， 但不用于強調數目的概念。 2、指某人或某物，但不具體說明 是 何人或何物。 3、表示單位 4、表示“一類”,Laidoff workers cannot afford to purchase medicines from _ chemist when they get sick，nor do their children keep _ healthy diet. Aa; / Ba; a Cthe; / Dthe; t

8、he 解析：第一空a chemist“藥店”；第二空keep a healthy diet“保持健康的飲食習慣”均為泛指，選B。 答案：B,What do you think of the manager of your company? Oh，he is _ manager whos pleasant to work with. Its _ pleasure to work with him. Athe; a Ba; a Ca; the D/; a 解析：答語表示“他是一位很好共事的人，跟他共事是一種樂趣”，兩空均用不定冠詞。答案：B,We can never expect _ bluer

9、sky unless we create _less polluted world. Aa; a Ba; the Cthe; a Dthe; the 解析：句意：如果我們不能創(chuàng)建一個污染越來越少的世界，就永遠不要期待有一片更藍的天空。世界上獨一無二的名詞甚至一些抽象名詞之前如果有形容詞修飾，可加不定冠詞。如：a red sun 一輪紅日；a great success 一次巨大的成功。 答案：A,Hello，could I speak to Mr.Smith? Sorry，wrong number.There isnt _Mr.Smith here. A/ Ba Cthe Done 解析：句意

10、為：這里沒有一個叫Smith的人。人名和Mr，Mrs，Miss連用時，用不定冠詞表“某個。”根據語意應選B項。 答案：B,In order to find _ better job，he decided to study _ second foreign language. Athe; a Ba; a Cthe; the Da; the 解析：句意：為了找到一個更好的工作，他決定再學習一門外語。第一個a表示泛指；a second(.)又一。 答案：B,用于固定搭配中： at a time 每次 once upon a time從前 make a fool of oneself出洋相 an ho

11、ur or two一兩個小時 take a bath洗澡 a great many很多 have a walk散步 as a rule照例,take an interest in對產生興趣 make a living謀生 have a smoke抽支煙 as a matter of fact事實上 as a whole全部地，整體,Mrs. Hanson，a housewife bent on getting _ higher education，has been going to college，a few courses at _ time，for 5 years. Aa; a B/; t

12、he Cthe; a D/; / 解析：句意為：漢森夫人，是一位家庭主婦，她致力于接受更高的教育，已經就讀大學五年，每次學幾門課程。第一空用不定冠詞，表示泛指；第二空考查短語at a time 每次。 答案：A,Chinese students may have _ good control of _ English grammar，yet unable to express their ideas in conversation. Athe; / Ba; the Ca; / D/; the 解析：have a control of為固定搭配，意思是“控制”；English grammar為抽

13、象名詞，因此前面沒有冠詞。 答案：C,例There is _bridge over the river. _ bridge is made of stone. A. a, A B. a, The C. the, The D. the, A,分析文章中第一次出現的可數名詞前用a(an)。下次再出現此名詞則用the。 I have a little bird. The bird is yellow.,B,三、定冠詞的用法,例 _ old workers under that tree are from Shanghai. A. The B. An C. This D. That,分析名詞后有表示范

14、圍、地點的介詞短語限定時，名詞前應加the來表示特指。 The boys here are interested in sports.,A,例3 _ first one sat down and the second stood up. A. The B.A C. One D. An,分析序數詞表示順序時前加the。 Mary is the third to come in.,A,例Winter is _ coldest season of the year. A. a B. the C./ D. so,分析形容詞最高級前及Only修飾的名詞前均要加 the。 Mary is the only

15、 girl who is often late for class.,B,例_ moon moves around _ earth, and they both are smaller than _ sun. A.The, the, the B.A, an, a C.The, an, the D.The, the, a,分析定冠詞用于表示世界上 獨一無二的物體名詞前。,A,例We live in _ south of China. A. the B./ C. a D. some,分析表示東、南、西、北方的名詞前要加the。 The sun rises in the east.,A,例 _ br

16、owns are watching TV at home at the moment. A./ B. The C. Mr. D.A,分析the放于姓氏的復數形式前時，表示一家人或一姓的夫婦二人。,B,例He will go to see you off at _ Railway Station. A. a B. an C. the D./,分析the普通名詞構成專有名詞。 the United Statesthe United Nations the Peoples Republic of China,C,例I was playing _ piano at eight yesterday mo

17、rning. A. a B./ C. the D. this,分析play樂器表示彈奏時，該樂器名詞前加 the。 Alice likes to play the violin while Kate likes to play the flute. 表示數量時可用a。 This is a new piano against the wall.,C,例10 Our teacher gets up early in _ morning. A. the B./ C. a D. an,分析牢記一些含the的習慣用語，在句中用作時間狀語。 in the afternoon (evening)in the

18、 daytime at the beginningin the end,A,例11 There is a large ship in _ middle of the river. A. a B./ C. the D. any,分析牢記一些含the的習慣用語，在句中用作地點狀語。 on the right (left) in the front of in the middle of the meeting / the forest at the foot of the hill,C,例12 Last night we went to _ cinema. A. the B. a C./ D. t

19、hose,分析牢記一些固定搭配： go to the concert (theatre),A,例13 _ young should care for and help _ old. A. The, a B. The, the C. A, the D. An, an,分析the形容詞（形容詞名詞化）表示一類人或事物。 the poor / the rich / the sick / the beautiful,B,例14 The small town lies on _ Yangtzi River. A. a B. an C./ D. the,分析定冠詞the用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島名稱

20、的前面 the Dead Sea / the Black Sea the North China Plain華北平原,D,_ panda is one of _ remaining endangered animals in the world. AThe; the BA; a CThe; a D/; the 解析：panda前可加a，或the表示熊貓這種動物。但后面須用the特指現存的一類瀕危動物，故選A。 答案：A,This area experienced _ heaviest rainfall in _ month of May. A/; a Ba; the Cthe; the Dth

21、e; a 解析：句意：這個地區(qū)在5月經歷了最大的降雨量。形容詞最高級前需用定冠詞；“在五月”表達為in May或in the month of May。 答案：C,_ government has promised to take measures to help _ unemployed. AThe; the B/; the CThe; / D/; / 答案：A,At noon we reached _ small village to _ east of _ Summer Palace. Athe; the; the Ba; /; the Ca; the; / Da; /; / 解析：中午

22、，我們到達了位于頤和園以東的那個小村莊 答案：A,Lets go to _ cinemathatll take your mind off the problem for _ while. Athe; the Bthe; a Ca; the Da; a 解析：句意：讓我們去看場電影吧那將會讓你暫時放下頭腦中的問題。go to the cinema為固定搭配，意為“去看場電影”；第二空for a while為固定搭配。 答案：B,定冠詞容易記 抓住本質找規(guī)律（限定） 你知我知 再次提起 獨一無二 彈練樂器 序數詞和最高級 部分之整體 復數姓氏方位詞 沒商量，只有記,定冠詞的口訣,四、零冠詞的用法

23、,例1Paper is made of _ bamboo. A. a B. the C. / D. that,分析物質名詞和抽象名詞前一般不加冠詞。Wood can be made into chairs and tables. Iron is a kind of metal.,C,例_ January is the first month of the year. A. The B.A C./ D. That,分析表示節(jié)日、月份的名詞前一般不加the。 Spring is coming. He was born in December. 如果表示有某年限定的季節(jié)和月份時，季節(jié)和月份前要加th

24、e。 He was born in the Summer of 1964.,C,例We have no classes on _ Sundays. A. the B. these C. D. those,分析表示一周中七日的名稱前一般不加冠詞。,C,例 I studies _ English in _ England. A. /, / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the,分析學科前和國名、洲名前一般不加冠詞。 learn Chinese (maths, physics, chemistry) China is in Asia. in Germany (Japan) i

25、n Africa (Europe ),A,例They often take a walk in _ Hyde Park. A. the B. a C./ D. this,分析在一些專有名詞（地名、節(jié)假日）之前不加冠詞。 Christmas Day New years Eve National Day Childrens Day Teachers Day Wall Street,C,例 The thief was thrown into _ prison. A. the B. a C. this D. /,分析表示某一概念，而不是某具體工作的 部門時，名詞前不加冠詞。 背會下列詞組：go to

26、work (college, school, hospital, church) be in hospital (school, bed, prison) go to school/ go to the school上這所學校 go to bed/ be on the bed東西擺在床上 go to class (be in class)/ be in the class 在教室里,D,例 He doesnt have _ breakfast at home. A. a B. the C. this D. /,分析表示三餐的名詞前不加冠詞，如果前面有形容詞修飾該詞，表示“一頓的飯”，可加a。

27、have a big supper (nice lunch),D,例We go to work by _ bus. A. / B. a C. the D. one,分析表示交通工具的手段時，用by名詞表示，該名詞前不用冠詞。 by bike (taxi, car, train, plane, spaceship)或by sea (water, air, land) 如果用介詞in或on，名詞前 要加冠詞或物主代詞。,A,例 _ running is good. A. The B. A C./ D. An,分析動名詞前一般不用冠詞。 Walking on the moon is difficul

28、t. Seeing is believing.,C,例10 These boys play _ football after class. A. a B. the C. that D. /,分析球類、棋類、游戲名稱前不加冠詞。,D,例11 The students of _ Grade One are having a meeting. A. these B. / C. a D. an,分析名詞數詞表示順序時，前面不加冠詞the；序數詞名詞表示順序數，序數詞前加冠詞the。 turn to page3/ the third page Lesson One/ the first lesson g

29、ate Five/ the fifth Gate,B,例12 There is no _ book on the desk. A. the B. a C. an D./,分析名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或Any和 no時，均不再用冠詞。 No books, not a book, not any books,D,例13 He often works late at _ night. A. / B. the C. a D. all,分析表示時間或地點的一些介詞名詞的詞組和一些固定詞組中，均不加冠詞。 at home, in town, at noon, at daybreak

30、, in trouble, in danger, in fact等。,A,例14 What does this word mean, _? A. my father B. Father C. father D. a father,分析家庭成員的稱呼、稱呼語或只一人擔任的職務名詞前不用冠詞。 He is secretary of our lab. Mother is cooking while father is reading newspaper. father和mother大寫時前不加物主代詞，小寫時前要加物主代詞，如：my father, his mother。,B,Have you re

31、ad _ todays news？The price of _ houses has slightly gone down. Athe; the B/; the Cthe; / D/; / 解析：第一空中已有定語todays，故不填定冠詞，更不填不定冠詞，因news為不可數名詞；第二空“房價”泛指。綜上選D。 答案：D,Because _ unemployment is very high at present；its not easy for a fresh graduate to find _ satisfying job as he wishes. Athe; / B/; a Cthe;

32、 a Dan; the解析：句中第一空unemployment“失業(yè)率”為抽象名詞，其前不加冠詞；a job“一份工作”為泛指，其前加不定冠詞。故選B。句意：由于目前失業(yè)率很高，大學畢業(yè)生很難找到一份稱心如意的工作。 答案：B,I was told that _ 1015 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach _ Fudan University. Athe; / Bthe; a Ca; the D/; the 解析：第一空為特指1015的航班，用the；第二空為專有名詞，不需冠詞。難度適中。 答案：A,Of all the sub

33、jects，I like _ history the best because it gives us _ useful knowledge of things in the past. Athe; a B/; a Ca; the Da; / 解析：科目前不加冠詞，knowledge為不可數名詞，但用來表示某一門具體知識時，其前加不定冠詞，故選B。 答案：B,Zhouzhou is _ success，_ disabled child as he is. Aa; the Ba; / Cthe; a Dthe; the 解析：success用作可數名詞表示“一個成功的人/事”；將表語放在as之前

34、，如果表語是單數名詞，其前邊常用零冠詞。 答案：B,固定搭配： day and night日夜 from morning till night從早到晚 father and son父子 face to face面對面 step by step逐漸地 by land由陸路 catch fire著火 in space在太空,零冠詞有點繁 記住口訣就不難。 三餐、運動、乘車船， 節(jié)日、月份加頭銜， 泛指星期和四季，抽象物質學科前， 國家、城市、大學校， 街道、廣場與公園， 不用冠詞要當心， 用與不用莫等閑。,零冠詞的用法（講解2）,五、冠詞的活用,1.表示世界上獨一無二的事物的名詞前面一般用冠詞，但

35、如果此類名詞有修飾成分，也可能加aan. the moon月球 a full moon滿月 2.表示一日三餐的名詞前不用冠詞，但如果前面有定語修飾，也可用不定冠詞a/an. -Have you have supper? -Yes, we had a wonderful supper.,3.西洋樂器名詞前往往用定冠詞，但是當此類名詞用作普通名詞時，可以與不定冠詞連用。中國樂器名詞前不用冠詞。 play the piano, play the violin, play erhu, He is playing a borrowed violin.,4.形容詞比較級前用定冠詞表示“兩者中較的”, 而形

36、容詞比較級前用不定冠詞,表示”再,更”。形容詞最高級前用定冠詞表示”三者或三者以上最的”,而形容詞最高級前用不定冠詞,并無比較含義。 Eg.Which is the larger country,Canada or Australia? It is a most useful book. He is the most diligent student in this class. If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time at school.,“the+序數詞”表排序， “aan+序數詞”表不排序，表示“又一，再一”。序數詞 修飾動詞事實上已成為副詞，這時要用零冠詞。 eg。Can you give me a second chance? He was only five years old when I first saw him.,6.抽象名詞具體化時，被具體化的名詞可能與a/an連用。 a heavy rain 一場大