1、Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809-1892),Life 3.perfect control of the sound of English and consummate choice and taste in words.,Break, Break, Break (1834),Break, break, break, On thy cold gray stones, O Sea! And I would that my tongue could utter The thoughts that arise in me. O, well for the fishermans b

2、oy, That he shouts with his sister at play! O, well for the sailor lad, That he sings in his boat on the bay!,And the stately ships go on To their haven under the hill; But O for the touch of a vanished hand, And the sound of a voice that is still! Break, break, break, At the foot of the crags, O Se

3、a! but the tender grace of a day that isdead Will never come back to me.,Glossary,Break:連續(xù)使用該詞，模擬驚濤拍岸的聲音，而且用以抒發(fā)海浪激蕩令人心碎的情感。 I would: I wish A vanished hand: referring to the hand of the poets dead friend Arthur Hallam. a voice that is still: referring to the voice of the poets dead friend Arthur Hal

4、lam. O well for: O it would be well for But O for: But how I wish for Tender grace: the blissful life of youth,Illustration for Tennysons Break, Break, Break,拍擊，拍擊，拍擊,拍擊，拍擊，拍擊 向著你冰冷灰暗的礁石，噢大海！ 多希望我的唇齒能夠傾吐 郁積在心中的陰霾 噢，那個(gè)漁夫家的孩子依舊， 他叫喊著和妹妹嬉戲玩耍； 噢，那個(gè)年輕的水手依舊， 他唱著歌兒將船向著港里劃,生命之舟永遠(yuǎn)莊嚴(yán)的駛向 高山下避風(fēng)的港口 多希望再聽到那歸于永寂的聲

5、音 再握緊那已然消逝的手 拍擊，拍擊，拍擊 在你巍峨峭壁的腳下，噢，大海！ 那溫馨優(yōu)雅的日子已逝 它一去不會再來,Questions,(1)voice of the “first-person” speaker: Female/male? (2)Whom do you think was the poem written to? (3)What is the theme of this poem?,Analysis,This poem is in memory of Tennysons best friend, Arthur Hallam, whose early death brings p

6、oets life-longsadness. The inner deepsadness contrasts with the happy boy, singingsailor lad and the emotionless movement of the ship. The most emotional and furiousBreak is not only from the sea but also fromthe heart of the poet, we can feel that clearly.,Analysis,Theme: the missing of dead friend

7、Arthur Hallam. This short lyric contains four quatrains, with combined iambic and anapaestic feet. The usual length of a line is three feet, with variations. The rimes fall on the second and the fourth lines of each stanza.,Analysis,The first lines in the first and last stanza contain only one sylla

8、ble each:” Break, break, break,” but each of these three words, read with much feeling and poignancy, easily fills the normal tempo of a metrical foot. The third lines in the third and fourth stanzas are also deviations from the norm and contain four feet each.,Artistic features,1. a lyric on the lo

9、ss of youth, innocence and happiness; 2.deep grief, sincere feelings; 3.smoothness of rhythm, musical effect; 4.images and symbols; 5.sound devices: long vowels, metrical features (anapestic+iambic+spondaic); 6.translations of the title,Appreciation,該詩以生動(dòng)歡樂的環(huán)境漁民之子的天真歡呼與船艦入港時(shí)的波濤起伏為背景，用以襯托詩人懷念亡友的悲痛心情。

10、這種對比在詩歌速度的緩急、音律的升降中得到恰當(dāng)?shù)谋磉_(dá)。詩行長短不整齊，其長度決定于強(qiáng)調(diào)詞語的數(shù)目；大部分詩行每行三音步，主要用抑抑揚(yáng)格，間用抑揚(yáng)格，其中有一些次重音；第11行與第15行各增加一重音；首尾兩節(jié)第1行的三個(gè)單音節(jié)音步讀起來緩慢，表達(dá)詩人的悲痛心情。,Crossing the bar (1889),Sunsetandeveningstar, Andoneclearcallforme! Andmaytherebenomoaningofthebar, WhenIputouttosea. Butsuchatideasmovingseemsasleep, Toofullforsoundand

11、foam, Whenthatwhichdrewfromouttheboundlessdeep Turnsagainhome.,Twilightandeveningbell, Andafterthatthedark! Andmaytherebenosadnessoffarewell, WhenIembark; ForthoughfromoutourbourneofTimeandPlace Thefloodmaybearhomefar, IhopetoseemyPilotfacetoface WhenIhavecrossedthebar.,Glossary,Bar: the boundary be

12、tween life and death Moaning of the bar: mournful sound of the ocean beating on a sand bar at the mouth of a harbor Bourne: boundary,過沙洲,夕陽墜，晚星出， 一個(gè)呼聲喚我多清楚， 河口沙洲莫悲哭， 當(dāng)我出海去。 海深邃，洋空闊， 流水似睡靜無皺， 滿潮水悠悠， 潮來深?？傢毣仡^流，,暮色降，晚鐘起， 鐘聲之后便是幽幽夜？ 別離時(shí)分莫哽咽， 當(dāng)我登船去。 人間小，人生促, 這潮卻能載我去遠(yuǎn)方， 但愿當(dāng)面見領(lǐng)航者， 過了沙洲后。,Analysis,這是詩人Alfre

13、d, LordTennyson（丁尼生）用10分鐘寫的最后一首詩，時(shí)值80老齡（1889年）。原詩的音樂感很強(qiáng)，壓韻格式基本是abab，同時(shí)長元音a: i:和輔音mnslw的應(yīng)用都制造出一種寧靜柔和的音樂效果?！斑^沙洲”是個(gè)比喻，暗指詩人在經(jīng)歷了人生的風(fēng)霜后，平靜地迎接死亡的來臨，毫無恐懼和哀傷。,Analysis,Although not the last poem written by Tennyson, Crossing the Bar appears, at his request, as the final poem in all collections of his work. I

14、t is also considered as the best poem written by Tennyson. This poem discuss metaphorically about death. Tennyson expresses in this poem: after a long life , he is waiting calmly and peacefully for his dying moment, he is not afraid of it, because death is a continuous part of life. In this poem, Te

15、nnyson also compares life to a voyage.,Appreciation,過沙洲寫于1889年丁尼生去世前三年。詩人在去世前要他的兒子把這首詩編在他的詩集的最后。這首詩反映了詩人對死亡所持的安詳態(tài)度。由于詩人認(rèn)識到死亡是人生矛盾的終結(jié)，人類靈魂的歸宿，因此通篇出現(xiàn)從容不迫的寧靜語調(diào)，因此他希望擺脫離別的凄楚。人生的有限和死后的無限形成了對比。港口的沙洲象征生命的界限，大海象征死后遼闊的境界。盡管如此， 詩人對死后究竟是怎樣的世界卻是蒙昧無知的(“And after that the dark!” “The flood may bear me far.”)。詩中表現(xiàn)

16、人死后人生的一切都消失在不可知的汪洋大海之中。,Appreciation,此詩在用詞 與聲音的選擇上，充分顯示了丁尼生固有的技巧。其中oua: i:等長元音的輪換使用，暗喻海浪沖擊沙洲不斷發(fā)出的哀吟聲。每節(jié)最后的短詩行暗喻生命的嘎然而止。 評論家范戴克(Van Dyke)說，這是一首“純粹的詩，簡潔至極，寬闊的大海、落照、黃昏的鐘聲等，都能引起豐富的聯(lián)想。它易于理解，音韻完美。而且他向內(nèi)啟發(fā)一種無以言傳的真理，向前展示一種超越一切形體的影像；他給人以快樂與安慰。他是一種臨終之年的歌曲，一首更宏大的永生樂章的序曲”。（譯自The Poetry of Tennyson）。,The Eagle: A Fragment (1851),He claps the crag with crooked hands; Close to th