1、代 詞,( pron.),一、人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞一表清,（一）人稱代詞的語(yǔ)序：,單數(shù)形式：（二、三、一） 即：you/ he/ I 復(fù)數(shù)形式：（一、二、三） 即；we/ you/ they,（二）、名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞,形容詞性物主代詞在句中做定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，一般不單獨(dú)使用。 名詞性物主代詞常用來(lái)避免與前面提及的名詞重復(fù)，相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。 eg: This is my dictionary. Where is yours? 名詞性物主代詞可用在of 后面做定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“ of +名詞所有格” ，表示帶有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。 eg: He is a

2、friend of mine.,二、it的用法,it既是賓格又可以做主格，有時(shí)也可以指人。 1. 代表前面提到過(guò)的事物。如： My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere. 2. 用來(lái)指人，主要指嬰兒或者身份不明的人。 -Who is knocking at the door? -It is me. The woman had a baby. It was five months old.,二、it的用法,3. 表示時(shí)間、距離、天氣等。如： It will be sunny tomorrow. 4. 作形式主語(yǔ)或者形式賓語(yǔ)。如： I found it d

3、ifficult to learn English well first. It is impossible for us to learn a foreign language.,三、反身代詞的用法,定義：反身代詞又稱自身代詞，由第一人稱、第二人稱形容詞性物主代詞和第三人稱人稱代詞賓格，單數(shù)加詞尾self、復(fù)數(shù)加詞尾selves 構(gòu)成，可用口訣簡(jiǎn)記如下： 反身代詞表自身，self與selves單數(shù)、復(fù)分。 一、二人稱形代后，第三人稱改用賓。 在句子中，反身代詞可作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，也可用口訣簡(jiǎn)記： 反身代詞三成分：賓、表同位反自身。,三、反身代詞的用法,（一）作動(dòng)

4、詞的賓語(yǔ) 反身代詞可以與enjoy, hurt, teach, look after等詞連用，表明動(dòng)作的承受者就是主語(yǔ)本身。 1. enjoy oneself = have a good time Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night? 2. help oneself (to sth.) 隨便吃點(diǎn)什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴會(huì)當(dāng)中，用來(lái)招呼客人的用語(yǔ)。 Help yourselves to some fruit, children.,三、反身代詞的用法,3. hurt oneself 傷著自己 She didnt hurt hersel

5、f. 4. teach oneself = learn by oneself自學(xué) Did you teach yourself English ? = Did you learn English by yourself? 5. look after oneself 照顧自己 I can look after myself well, thanks.,三、反身代詞的用法,6. say to oneself自言自語(yǔ) Mary said to herself, “ What shall I do?” 7. come to oneself蘇醒 Soon the lady came to herself

6、. 8. make oneself + 過(guò)去分詞，使自己被別人 She did her best to make herself understood. 9. make yourself at home別客氣，讓自己像在家一樣 Help yourself to some fish. Make yourself at home. 10. lose oneself in沉浸于陶醉于 They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.,三、反身代詞的用法,（二） 反身代詞和介詞連用構(gòu)成介詞賓語(yǔ) 1. by oneself = alone自己做 She

7、has done her homework by herself. 2. for oneself為自己 She made the skirt for herself. 3. of oneself自然而然的、自動(dòng)的 The door opened of itself. 4. among themselves在他們中間 They are discussing the matter among themselves.,三、反身代詞的用法,（三）作表語(yǔ) 反身代詞可與be動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞連用，表示或描述一種感覺(jué)、情緒或狀態(tài)。 The little boy was myself. （四）用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)

8、，往往用來(lái)加強(qiáng)名詞或代詞的語(yǔ)氣，在句中可置于名詞、代詞之前、之后或句子末尾。 1. 作主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ) You will have to do it yourself. He himself wrote the words and music of the songs. 作賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ) I will give the letter to your brother himself. Youd better ask Mary herself about it.,四、指示代詞this/ that/ these/ those,【辨析】one, it, that it 常用來(lái)特指上下文提到的同類(lèi)事物，用來(lái)指

9、可數(shù)名詞或者不可數(shù)名詞，one泛指上下文提及的同類(lèi)事物中的一份子，用于代替可數(shù)名詞，that常用在比較等級(jí)中，代表前面提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。The book is mine. It is very interesting.I have some apples. You can have one.The weather of Dalian is much wetter than that of Lanzhou.,五、不定代詞some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等,（一）some 與 any some 常用于肯定句中，當(dāng)說(shuō)話者期望得到對(duì)

10、方的肯定回答或表示請(qǐng)求建議時(shí)，可以用在疑問(wèn)句中；any常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，當(dāng)any表示“任何”時(shí)，可用于肯定句。 There arent any students in the classroom. -Would you like some bread? -Yes, please.,五、不定代詞some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等,（二）辨析both, neither, either, all, none both, neither和 either這三個(gè)詞用于兩者或兩者之間，both表示“兩者都”，用于肯定句；neither與b

11、oth互為反義詞，意為“兩者都不”；either表示“兩者之中任何一個(gè)”（或者用于否定句中，表示“也”）。all和none都用于三者或者三者以上，all表示“全部、都”，none表示“沒(méi)有任何人或物”。,五、不定代詞some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等,【辨析】so/ neither+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)！和so/ neither+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞！ so +（be、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+主語(yǔ)，意為“也”，“同樣”。表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適合于另一個(gè)人（物），此句是一倒裝句。neither用法與之相反。 so +主語(yǔ)+（be、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞），表

12、示“贊同”，意為“不錯(cuò)、的確、確實(shí)”。注意：前后兩個(gè)句子指的是同一個(gè)人。同樣，neither的用法與之相反。,五、不定代詞some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等,（三）many one another.,表示兩個(gè)人或事物之間的相互關(guān)系用each other, 表示三個(gè)或者三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間的相互關(guān)系時(shí)，用one another或each other都可以，也就是說(shuō)one anther一般不用于兩者之間的相互關(guān)系。其所有格形式是each other s和one another s，兩者常可互換。,八、疑問(wèn)代詞及關(guān)系代詞,（一）疑問(wèn)代

13、詞 1. who，whom都表示“誰(shuí)”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用who，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用whom。Who在特殊疑問(wèn)句中可以替換whom，但當(dāng)疑問(wèn)詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，且介詞又置于句首時(shí)，只能用whom。 With whom did you talk just now? Who (whom) are you waiting for? 2. which, what在特殊疑問(wèn)句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面必須緊跟一個(gè)名詞。 What class are you in?,八、疑問(wèn)代詞及關(guān)系代詞,（二）關(guān)系代詞 This is the doctor who came here yesterday. The man whom you saw l

14、ast week has left the town. I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. The room which you can see by the river is a reading room.,練習(xí)一：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇,1. Please send_ best wishes to Mary. A. I B. me C. my D. mine 2. This is my book. _are over there. A. Your B. Yours C. You D. Mine 3. _ have a lot of homework t

15、o do. A. He, you and I B. You, he and I C. I, you and he D.I, he and you 4. The man downstairs found _ very difficult to get to sleep. A. that B. them C. it D. its 5. -Hi, Jim. Is this your bike or Toms? - Its mine, not_. A. hers B. yours C. his D. him,C,B,B,C,C,練習(xí)一：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇,6. Tom is here, and a friend

16、 of _ is here, too. A. his father B. his fathers C. hes father D. he father 7. Help _ to some fish, Jenny. A. yourselves B. yourself C. himself D. herself 8. The boys and girls seemed to enjoy_ in the park. A. themselves B. them C. they D. their 9. - Is this model plane yours? - Yes, its mine. It is

17、 made by_. A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. herself 10. Mr. Green taught_ English in our school and taught_ French at home. A. us his B. him us C. us himself D. our himself,B,B,A,A,C,練習(xí)一：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇,11. -Could you offer me _ juice, sir? -Im really sorry. I havent got_ now. A. any; any B. some; any C. so

18、me; some D. any; some 12. Is there _ with your bike? A. anything wrong B. wrong anything C. something wrong D. wrong something 13. - Im leaving for the exam. Bye-bye, Mum. - Well, make sure youve got_ ready. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 14. He can speak _ French, but not_. A. so

19、me, much B. any, much C. much, many D. many, any 15. Money is important in my life, but it isnt _ to me. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything,B,A,C,A,A,練習(xí)一：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇,16. - Could I have some milk? - Certainly. Theres_ in the bottle. A. little B. a little C. a few D. few 17. I like this house

20、with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy_. A. one B. it C. this D. that 18. This apple is delicious. Give me _one ,please. A. the other B. another C. others D. other 19. They are both good at English, but _ of them is good at maths. A. none B. either C. all D. neither 20

21、. There are fifty students in our class. Some are from the USA, and _are from China A. another B. the other C. others D. other,B,B,B,B,C,練習(xí)二、 用正確的代詞填空,1. -Excuse _, is this bike yours? -No, it isnt _. I think its Toms. -Yes, it is _. 2. She will finish the work_. 3. Make _ at home, Lucy. 4.The boy is standing with _ hands in the pocket. 5. You can have one cake_, children. 6. Will you please do _ shopping for me? 7. Miss Gao wants to teach her students _ she knows. 8. You may stay here for _ five days. 9. This question is so easy that_ can answer it. 10. I hope _ goes well