1、科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,修辭問(wèn)題 第1章. 統(tǒng)一性原則 （A節(jié)）違反主從關(guān)系 一、主從顛倒 例 1 Transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction were used to study air-borne particulates collected in Chongqing, Sichuan Province, which are seriously damaged by acid rain. 本文利用透射電鏡和X-射線的衍射技術(shù)，對(duì)酸雨危害較為嚴(yán)重的重慶市區(qū)大氣顆粒物樣品進(jìn)行了較為細(xì)致的研究工作。,主謂賓? X, Study,

2、samples. Transmission electron microscope什么成分,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 主句與從句顛倒，“利用透射電鏡和X-射線衍射技術(shù)”是從句中的內(nèi)容不要把這樣的內(nèi)容譯到主句中。 改譯為: Using transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction method, we have studied samples of air-borne particulates collected in Chongqing, Sichuan Province, which are seriously suffe

3、red from acid rain. 或 By using transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction method, studies were carried out on samples of air-borne particulates collected in Chongqing, Sichuan Province, which are seriously suffered from acid rain.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 2 IABS model which could be used to select

4、some kinds of regulatory mutants with high efficiency, was based on definite selectors and moderators，. IABS模型可基于一定的選擇劑和調(diào)節(jié)劑高效地選擇某些調(diào)控突變體.,主謂賓，X, use, IABS, regulatory mutants,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 主句與從句顛倒，“可基于一定的選擇劑和調(diào)節(jié)劑”是從句中的內(nèi)容不要把這樣的內(nèi)容譯到主句中。 改譯為: IABS model, (which was) based on definite selectors and mode

5、rators, was used to select some kinds of regulatory mutants with high efficiency, .,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,二、主從并列 例 1 The order form was directed t the wrong plant; that is why it could not be filled and returned in time. 因定單送錯(cuò)廠家，故未能按期填好送回。,是并列句嗎？,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 兩句是主從關(guān)系句。 改譯為: Because the order form was direc

6、ted to a wrong plant, it could not be filled and returned in time. 或 The order form could not be filled and returned in time because of its delivery to a wrong plant.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 2 The total area under natural protection reaches 19,330, that accounts for 2.1% of the total area of China. 自然保護(hù)區(qū)面積達(dá)19

7、,330 公頃，占我國(guó)總面積的2.01%。,句中的that為什么錯(cuò)？,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 兩句是主從關(guān)系句。 改譯為: The total area under natural protection reaches 19,330, which accounts for 2.1% of the total area of China.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,三、主從隔離 例 1 , the calli were transferred to differentiation media (D1D4). On which, 100% of the calli produced shoo

8、ts, and the shoots rooted by transfer to rooting medium (R). 愈傷組織轉(zhuǎn)入分化培養(yǎng)基(D1D4)，分化出苗率達(dá)成100%，將苗轉(zhuǎn)移到生根培養(yǎng)基（R）上幼苗即可生根。,1、by transfer處有什么問(wèn)題？,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 兩句是主從關(guān)系句，而上述句子主從被隔離，另外并列句意思不完整結(jié)構(gòu)有錯(cuò)。 改譯為: , the calli were transferred to differentiation media (D1D4), on which 100% of the calli produced shoots and

9、the shoots rooted after being transferred to rooting medium (R). 另外， by transfer to (原句上的）結(jié)構(gòu)不能表達(dá)與主語(yǔ)的確切關(guān)系。本身不能表達(dá)明確的意思。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,（B節(jié)）意思不完整或不明確 一、成分殘缺 例 1 Coke has proved to be more efficient than any fuel we have tried. 焦炭已被證明比我們?cè)囼?yàn)其他任何燃料更為有效。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： Any fuel就包括Coke。 改譯為: Coke has proved to

10、 be more efficient than any other fuel we have tried.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 2 The division frequency of protoplasts was lower in the liquid medium than that embedded in the medium containing agarose. 原生質(zhì)體在液體培養(yǎng)基中的分裂頻率低于包埋在含有瓊脂糖的培養(yǎng)基中的分裂頻率。,that在句中指什么，如果that指division of frequency，那么句子怎么寫(xiě),科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 這個(gè)that

11、只能代替the division of frequency，因?yàn)樗侵髡Z(yǔ)，而protoplasts是定語(yǔ), 不能代替protoplasts。 改譯為: The division frequency of protoplasts was lower in the liquid medium than that of those embedded in the medium containing agarose.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 3 The lower grain weight of tested line “10-A” was found to be controlled by si

12、x recessive genes, located on chromosomes 5A, 1B, 2B, 6B, 2D and 7D, respectively. The decreasing effects of genes on chromosomes 1B and 2B were obviously larger than those on chromosomes 5A, 6B, 2D and 7D. In other words, there are two major genes on 1B and 2B; and four minor genes on chromosomes 5

13、A, 6B, 2D and 7D respectively. 被測(cè)材料“10-A” 粒重低受5A, 1B, 2B, 6B, 2D 和 7D等染色體上的隱性基因所控制，從其減少效應(yīng)的程度看，1B和2B染色體上的基因表現(xiàn)為強(qiáng)效。5A, 6B, 2D 和 7D染色體上的基因表現(xiàn)為弱效。,1、考慮是什么的減少效應(yīng)；2、也是什么的減少效應(yīng),科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： those on chromosomes表示染色體的減少效應(yīng)，而不是染色體上的基因的減少效應(yīng)。我們要的是后者的意思。所以要寫(xiě)成those of genes。Reduction effects是指粒重的減少效應(yīng)，而不是genes on c

14、hromosomes的減少效應(yīng)，所以要加上on grain weight。 改譯為: The reduction effects of genes on chromosomes 1B and 2B on grain weight were obviously higher than those of genes on chromosomes 5A, 6B, 2D and 7D.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,二、結(jié)構(gòu)混亂 例 1 There was much higher inhibitory effect on the does of 4,000 Gy, however, the root tub

15、er appeared some damage after irradiation and showed relatively serious dried rot after one months storage. 4000Gy照射抑菌效果更高，并對(duì)根外表有傷害，貯藏一個(gè)月后易產(chǎn)生干腐。,這句話的主語(yǔ)是什么？,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： There was much higher inhibitory effect on the does of 4,000 Gy,這一個(gè)并列句結(jié)構(gòu)混亂，這一句的意思只能是“有一個(gè)更高的抑制效應(yīng)在(on)4,000Gy這個(gè)劑量上?！币簿褪恰皩?duì)4,000Gy這個(gè)

16、劑量有一個(gè)更高的抑制效應(yīng)” 改譯為: After the roots tubers were exposed to 4, 000 Gy, higher inhibitory effect was produced on the fungi, however, damages also appeared on the root tuber and dried rot could often occur after one-month storage.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 2 Owing to these changes of basic equilibrium state, with t

17、he result that the basic characters of dynamics will be changed. 由于這些基本的平衡的變化，將導(dǎo)致動(dòng)力學(xué)基本特征的變化。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 句子結(jié)構(gòu)混亂，因此不能成為一個(gè)完整的句子，只有短語(yǔ)和從句。 改譯為: The basic characters of dynamics will changed because of the changes of basic equilibrium state. 或 the changes of basic characters of dynamics results from

18、the changes of basic equilibrium state. 或 The changes of basic equilibrium state will lead to the changes of basic characters of dynamics.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,三、概念不明確 例 1 The mutagenic effects of the two kind mutagens have also been compared in this experiments. It was found that -rays were better than fast

19、 neutrons;. 在這個(gè)研究中，比較了兩種誘變因素的誘變效果，發(fā)現(xiàn) 射線快于中子.。, 射線的什么快于中子？中文行得通而英語(yǔ)卻不行！,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 1. Two kind mutagens要改為T(mén)wo kinds of mutagens。2. 時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題。3. 不是射線優(yōu)于快中子，而是射線誘的變效果優(yōu)于快中子的誘變效果。 改譯為: The mutagenic effects of the two kinds of mutagens, -rays and fast neutrons, were compared in this experiments. It was fou

20、nd that the effect of -rays was better than that of the fast neutron;. 第一節(jié)完,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,第2章. 連貫性原則 （A節(jié)）敘事基調(diào)突然改變 一、敘事對(duì)象主體突然改變 例 1 A micro-computerized measuring system is developed. An I-V characteristic curve can be automatically acquired in 5 seconds with an accuracy of 0.05%. 研制了一個(gè)微機(jī)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)可在5秒鐘

21、內(nèi)自動(dòng)獲得I-V曲線，精度為0.05%。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 第一句的主體A micro-computerized measuring system 突然變成了An I-V characteristic curve，上下文就沒(méi)有聯(lián)系了，不連貫了。 改譯為: A micro-computerized measuring system is developed which can automatically produce an I-V characteristic curve with an accuracy of 0.05% in 5 seconds. 或 A micro-comp

22、uterized measuring system, with which an I-V characteristic curve with an accuracy of 0.05% can automatically be acquired in 5 seconds, is developed A micro-computerized measuring system is developed and it can automatically produce an I-V characteristic curve with an accuracy of 0.05% in 5 seconds.

23、,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 2 (2006-11-15) The lowest detectable concentration for Cl and SO was 1.2 and 1.4g/ml, respectively. The relative standard deviation was below 10%. Cl和SO的最低可測(cè)濃度分別為1.2和1.4g/ml，相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差低于10%.。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 主體突然改變。 改譯為: The lowest detectable concentrations for Cl and SO were 1.2 and 1.4g/

24、ml respectively with relative standard deviation below 10%.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,二、數(shù)的突然變化 例 1 The desert ecosystems with rare plant cover are still used for grazing and other purposes in China because of the population pressure. It is a kind of fragile ecosystem that is very difficult to restore once it is e

25、xtinct and eventually turns into mobile sand. 我國(guó)由于人口壓力大,覆蓋很少植被的沙漠生態(tài)系統(tǒng)仍然被用于放牧或其他目的。這種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)非常脆弱，一旦消失很難再恢復(fù)，最終變成流沙。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： The desert ecosystems與It is a kind of fragile ecosystem用在同一段落中。 改譯為: The desert ecosystem with rare plant cover is still used for grazing and other purposes in China because

26、 of the population pressure. It is a kind of fragile ecosystem that is very difficult to restore once it is extinct and eventually turns into mobile sand.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,三、時(shí)態(tài)突然變化 例 1 A procedure for selection of the wave-length combination is presented, and a computer program was made to select the bes

27、t wave-length combination. （see page 10) 提出了選擇波長(zhǎng)組合方法，并編制了程序，用計(jì)算機(jī)程序來(lái)選擇波長(zhǎng)組合。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 并列句時(shí)態(tài)不一致。另外to select主語(yǔ)不明確。 改譯為: A procedure for selection of the wave-length combination has been presented, and a computer program has been developed for the best wave-length combination.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 2 In t

28、his paper, the extraction of fission product from nitric acid and effect of gamma ray irradiation on their extraction ability by OCLA is described. All studies about OCLA were compared with TBP at the same experimental condition. 本文研究了(用OCLA方法)對(duì)硝酸裂變產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行了萃取，以及射線照射對(duì)其萃取力的影響，并在相同條件下對(duì)OCLA和TBP進(jìn)行了比較。,科技英語(yǔ)句

29、法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 兩句時(shí)態(tài)不一致。另外句中的their沒(méi)先行詞，意思不明確，還有is described中的is也有問(wèn)題。 改譯為: In this experiment, the extraction of fission product from nitric acid and effect of gamma ray irradiation on the extraction ability by OCLA were studied, and all studies about OCLA were compared with TBP at the same experimental c

30、ondition.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,（B節(jié)）缺少必需的連接詞或過(guò)渡性詞 例 1 In soil, organic acids can dissolve Zn, the decrease of redox potential can enhance the effect of Mn. 土壤中的有機(jī)酸可溶解鋅，氧化還原電位下降則提高猛的有效性。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 兩個(gè)句子不能用逗號(hào)連接。 改譯為: In soil, organic acids can dissolve Zn, while the decrease of redox potential can enhance

31、the effect of Mn.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 2 Bioengineering is also a kind of engineering. It is an engineering that is different from that with conventional sense. 生物工程也是一種工程，是一種與傳統(tǒng)意義截然不同的工程。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 邏輯轉(zhuǎn)折表現(xiàn)得不順暢。 改譯為: Bioengineering is also a kind of engineering. However, it is an engineering that is d

32、ifferent from that with conventional sense.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,（C節(jié)）平衡關(guān)系被破壞 一、并列平行關(guān)系失衡 例 1 During digestion in the enzyme solution some spontaneous fusion of protoplasts could be observed and the fused protoplasts were generally large, cytoplasmic dense and varied in shape. 在酶的解液中進(jìn)行消化期間，可以觀察到一些原生質(zhì)體自然融合，融合的原

33、生質(zhì)體體積大、胞質(zhì)濃、形狀各異。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 1、large, cytoplasmic dense and varied in shape平衡結(jié)構(gòu)出錯(cuò)。2、digestion 對(duì)象不明確。如果與主句的主語(yǔ)不構(gòu)成明確關(guān)系，我們就可以稱(chēng)之為“懸垂”短語(yǔ)。（見(jiàn)45頁(yè)） 改譯為: During digestion of material in the enzyme solution, some spontaneous fusion of protoplasts could be observed and the fused protoplasts were generally la

34、rge in size, dense in cytoplasm, and different in shape.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 2 Therefore, we suggest that more protected areas, even if they are small, should be established to protect more forest habitats as soon as possible, in order to conserve and enhance the bio-diversity in China. 因此，我們建議建立更多的自然保護(hù)區(qū)（

35、即使規(guī)模不大），盡可能多地保護(hù)森林生境，保護(hù)和提高我國(guó)的生物多樣性。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 句中的to protect, to conserve and enhance 為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，都表示目的狀語(yǔ)。 改譯為: Therefore, we suggest that more protected areas, even if they are small, should be established to protect more forest habitats as soon as possible, to conserve and enhance the bio-diversity

36、in China。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 3 The committee decide to cancel its law suit, approving the contract, and that it would adjourn the meeting. 委員會(huì)決定取消訴訟，承認(rèn)和同并決定暫時(shí)休會(huì)。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 并列結(jié)構(gòu)不一致。 改譯為: The committee decide to cancel its law suit, to approve the contract, and to adjourn the meeting.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,二、比

37、較對(duì)象不一致 (意思不完整或不明確的成分殘缺部分（page 11) 例 1 The results indicated that the content of ADM target liposomes in the tumor tissues was higher apparently than free ADM. 結(jié)果表明，靶向脂質(zhì)體組阿霉素（ADM）在腫瘤組織的含量明顯高于游離阿霉素組。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 句中的the content與free ADM二者沒(méi)有可比性。（更多的例子11頁(yè)以及以后的頁(yè)） 改譯為: The results indicated that the co

38、ntent of ADM target liposomes in the tumor tissues was higher apparently than that of the free ADM.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,（D節(jié)）懸垂短語(yǔ) Dangling phrase，指句子主語(yǔ)沒(méi)有聯(lián)系的短語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)。 英語(yǔ)中的大忌。 一、懸垂分詞短語(yǔ) 例 1 Having reviewed the technical report, several mistakes were found in it. 審查技術(shù)報(bào)告后，發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有數(shù)處錯(cuò)誤。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)的懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)。 改譯為:

39、 After the technical report was reviewed, several mistakes were found in it. 或 Having reviewed the technical report, I (They, We) found several mistakes in it.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 2 Based on the biological geographical characters, lakes in China can be divided into five major groups. 中國(guó)湖泊根據(jù)其生物學(xué)和地理學(xué)特征分為五大類(lèi)

40、。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)特例。用based on這個(gè)詞組時(shí)，主句的主語(yǔ)一般為人稱(chēng)。另外，當(dāng)用based on這個(gè)詞組時(shí)，通常是沒(méi)有辦法使得主句的主語(yǔ)同樣成為從句的主語(yǔ)。 如：We have come to the conclusion, based on the last weeks satellite landing. 但這一句是不能寫(xiě)成： We have come to the conclusion, basing on last weeks satellite landing. 因?yàn)閎ase是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，寫(xiě)成basing on就成了一不及物動(dòng)詞了。 本來(lái)應(yīng)該按以下句

41、子寫(xiě)，但是英語(yǔ)中見(jiàn)不到這樣寫(xiě)。 We have come to the conclusion, basing information on the last weeks satellite landing. We have come to the conclusion. The information is based on the last weeks satellite landing.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,改譯為: On the basis of their biological geographical characters, lakes in China can be divid

42、ed into five major groups. 或 Lakes in China can be divided into five major groups according to the biological geographical characters.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)的例外有以下詞與結(jié)構(gòu)： Generally speaking, men can run faster than women. Strictly speaking, nobody is allowed in here. Broadly speaking, dogs are more faithful

43、 to their masters than cats. Seriously speaking, do you intend to resign? Putting it frankly, I dont approve of her. Taking everything into consideration, they ought to be given another chance. Supposing there was a war, what would you do? Considering everything, it wasnt a bad holiday. Judging from

44、 his expression, hes in a bad mood. Ill lend you the money providing you pay it back before Christmas.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,二、懸垂不定式 例 1 In order to increase the efficiency and safety of landfill, it is necessary to apply GIS (Geographical Information System) to conduct multi-factor and multistory analysis on

45、 the basic conditions of landfill sites. 為了提高廢渣填埋法的效率和安全性, 有必要應(yīng)用地理信息系統(tǒng)對(duì)廢渣填埋要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行多因素和多層面的分析。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 不定式的懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)。 改譯為: In order to increase the efficiency and safety of landfill, we applied GIS (Geographical Information System) to conduct multi-factor and multistory analysis on the basic conditio

46、ns of landfill sites.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 2 In order to practice sustainable development and conserve marine environment, a great attention should be paid to reinforce awareness of marine environmental monitoring, increase investment and strengthen the monitoring in “hot spots” as well as biological monit

47、oring to avoid marine calamity. 為保護(hù)海洋環(huán)境，促進(jìn)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，必須提高對(duì)海洋的環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)的認(rèn)識(shí)，增加投入，加強(qiáng)“熱點(diǎn)”海域的監(jiān)測(cè)，減少海洋災(zāi)害的損失，加強(qiáng)海洋生物的監(jiān)測(cè)，避免潛伏的海洋災(zāi)害發(fā)生。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 不定式的懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)。 改譯為: In order to promote the development of sustainable marine economy and conserve marine environment, we should pay great attention to reinforcing awareness

48、of marine environmental monitoring, increasing investment and strengthening the monitoring in “hot spots” as well as biological monitoring to avoid marine calamity.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,三、懸垂介詞短語(yǔ)（比較page 2) 例 1 After removing the outmost leaves, the material was cleansed with 70% ethanol for surface sterilizat

49、ion. 材料去掉外面的葉子后，用70%乙醇進(jìn)行表面消毒。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 介詞短語(yǔ)懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)。（page 2 伴隨狀況的介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)） 改譯為: the material was cleansed with 70% ethanol for surface sterilization after its outmost leaves were removed.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 2 After analyzing the structure of turbulence in convective boundary layer (CBL), it is first sug

50、gested that the vertical diffusion CBL can be simulated by turbulence on two different scales, and then a simple random walk diffusion model for CBL is developed. 通過(guò)對(duì)對(duì)流邊界（CBL）湍流結(jié)構(gòu)的分析，首次提出用兩種不同尺度的湍流來(lái)模擬CBL中的垂直擴(kuò)散。在此基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展了一個(gè)隨機(jī)擴(kuò)散模式。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 分詞的懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)。 改譯為: After analyzing the structure of turbulenc

51、e in convective boundary layer (CBL), we have first indicated that the vertical diffusion CBL can be simulated by turbulence on two different scales, and then developed a simple random walk diffusion model for CBL.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,（E）代詞無(wú)先行詞或先行詞不明確 例 1 After prolonged ischemia, re-perfusion of the heart

52、leads it to a stunned state, resulting in severe myocardial damage. 心臟長(zhǎng)時(shí)間缺血后，灌注將導(dǎo)致休克狀態(tài)，結(jié)果造成嚴(yán)重心肌損傷。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： It 指代re-perfusion還是heart不明確。此外，after prolonged ischemia還是一個(gè)懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)。 改譯為: After prolonged ischemia, the heart will be led to a stunned state if it is re-perfused, resulting in severe myocar

53、dial damage.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 2 The isotope determination of carbonate in soil samples pretreated by different method is compared. The result show that soil organic carbon has no effect on the determination of both carbon and oxygen isotope; however, it is generally affected by pretreatment method of b

54、urning with O2. 比較了經(jīng)過(guò)不同預(yù)處理方法的土壤樣本中碳酸鹽同位素值的測(cè)定，結(jié)果表明土壤有機(jī)碳的存在不影響碳、氧的同位素組成的測(cè)定，經(jīng)過(guò)有氧燒灼預(yù)處理土壤樣品對(duì)分析結(jié)果有明顯影響。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 從上下文看，譯文中的it的先行詞不明確。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)上下可知it的先行詞是the determination。 改譯為: The isotope determination of carbonate in soil samples pretreated by different method is compared. The result show that determi

55、nation of both carbon and oxygen isotope is not affected by soil organic carbon, but is significantly affected by pretreatment method of burning with O2. To be continued,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,邏輯問(wèn)題 （第1章）概念不準(zhǔn)確 （A節(jié)）概念轉(zhuǎn)移 例 1 Using this program, experimental time is reduced, while RAPD patterns is not changed, thu

56、s, it increases efficiency of RAPD-analysis. 采用這一方案，縮短了實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間而保持RAPD圖譜不變，因而提高了RAPD分析的效率。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： using this program為一懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)。主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人，而在主句中，這一“概念”被偷換成experimental time。 改譯為: By using this program, experimental time can be saved, while RAPD patterns remain unchanged, and thus the efficiency of RAPD-

57、analysis is heightened.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 2 Osmotic protection showed no beneficial effect except for the young nodules. 除了小節(jié)結(jié)，滲透的保護(hù)沒(méi)有顯示出任何效果。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 本來(lái)是滲透的保護(hù)沒(méi)有顯示出任何效果，但是在詞組except for后“概念”被偷換了，變成了小節(jié)結(jié)沒(méi)有顯示出任何效果。實(shí)際上，小節(jié)結(jié)應(yīng)該是no beneficial effect on的介詞家賓語(yǔ)。 改譯為: Osmotic protection showed no beneficial

58、effect except for on the young nodules.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,例 3 D+ is determined by three factors: (i) the surface of critical nucleus, (ii) the effective kinks on the surface and (iii) the flux of monomers arriving at the surface. D+ 是由臨界表面積，表面有效扭折數(shù)和到達(dá)表面的單原子通量決定的。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： “臨界表面面積”被偷換“臨界表面”以及“有效扭折數(shù)”

59、被偷換“成有效扭折”。 改譯為: D+ is determined by three factors: (i) the surface area of critical nucleus, (ii) the number of effective kinks on the surface and (iii) the flux of monomers reaching the surface.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,（B節(jié)）概念升級(jí)或降級(jí) 例 1 At present, little has been done in the studies on genetic diversity as well as biodiversity in our country. 目前，關(guān)于生物多樣性，特別是遺傳多樣性的研究在我國(guó)開(kāi)展的很少。,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,問(wèn)題： 把關(guān)于生物多樣性，特別是遺傳多樣性?xún)蓚€(gè)不是并列的概念并列了，也就是把遺傳多樣性升級(jí)成與生物多樣性并列的概念。 改譯為: At present, little has been done in the studies on genetic diversity, especially on biodiversity in our country.,科技英語(yǔ)句法的一些原則,（C節(jié)）概念擴(kuò)大（周延） 例 1 The