1、詞類和句子,一.詞類,n. : 名詞(noun) adj.：形容詞(adjective) adv.：副詞(adverb) num.：數(shù)詞(numeral) conj.：連詞(conjunction) pron.：代詞(pronoun) prep.：介詞(preposition) interj.：感嘆詞(interjection) art.：冠詞(article) V：動(dòng)詞(verb),二.句子成分,句子的成分：組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分，即：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。,Members of sentence: S - subject P - predicativ

2、e O - object Attri.-attributive Adv.- adverb/adverbial Oc - objective complement appositive-同位語(yǔ),主,賓,表,賓補(bǔ),定,狀,Lucy is an American girl. Getting up early is a good habit.That he told a lie is a fact. To go for a picnic is fun.Two and three is five.,主語(yǔ) Subject：表示句子所說(shuō)的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)名詞

3、、不定式）、從句等充當(dāng)。,We love China.Mike hopes to be a doctor.His parents are farmers .She is singing .,謂語(yǔ) Predicate ：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么” “是什么”或者“怎么樣”。謂語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)部分里主要的詞）用動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在“人稱”和“數(shù)”兩個(gè)方面必須一致。,表語(yǔ) Predicative ：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或者怎么樣，由名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、從句等充當(dāng),和系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)謂語(yǔ)。,Her aunt is a driver . Are you ready? We were at hom

4、e last night.,賓語(yǔ) Object ：表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)名詞、不定式）、從句等充當(dāng)，和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么。,He often helps me. We study English at school. Did you see him yesterday?,定語(yǔ) Attributive ：用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞，說(shuō)明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)等。作定語(yǔ)的有形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、從句、介詞短語(yǔ)。,The black bike is mine We have four lessons in the morning . What is your

5、 name ,please?,狀語(yǔ) Adverbial ：用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，通常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句等充當(dāng)。,People are all working hard . It is very nice . we had a meeting this afternoon.,補(bǔ)語(yǔ) Complement :補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)、處所、身份。補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的叫主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充賓語(yǔ)的叫賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。一般由n.，v-ing,v-ed,todo,adj ,adv,prep-phrases,etc,He made me laugh I f

6、ound the box empty. Who had the machine running all the time .,同位語(yǔ)appositive :一個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，這個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。,Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.我們的新老師史密斯先生對(duì). Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students 是we 的同位語(yǔ)）,句子類型,簡(jiǎn)單句,并列句,復(fù)合句,(按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分),簡(jiǎn)單句,簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞（即只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），它是最小的句子單位。主要起下列四種作用中的一種。 作一種陳述 提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題 發(fā)出一種命令或請(qǐng)求 表示一種感嘆,Examples: The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy. The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl. Stephen apologized at once. Does the shop c