1、非謂語動(dòng)詞,Non-predicate Verbs,一、功能,二、主要用法,（一） 非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語 1. to do作后置定語 表將來 e.g. The car to be bought (buy) is for his sister. 當(dāng)被修飾的名詞前面又被序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)或被the only修飾時(shí) e.g. He was the best man to do (do) the job. e.g. She was the first woman to win (win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.,某些抽象名詞如ability，attemp

2、t, chance, opportunity, effort，用to do作后置定語 e.g. Do you have the ability to read and write English?,2. to be done 表將來，“將被做” e.g. The question to be discussed (discuss) tomorrow is very important. 3. doing 與被修飾名詞主動(dòng)關(guān)系 I dont know the boy standing (stand) under the tree.,4. done 與被修飾名詞被動(dòng)關(guān)系 e.g. Have you

3、 read the novel written (write) by Dickens? 5. being done 正在被做 e.g. The houses being built (build) now are for the teachers.,練一練,1. He was the last one _ (leave) school yesterday. 2. The child _ (stand) over there is my brother 3. Peter received a letter just now _(say) his grandma would come to see

4、 him soon. 4. Its said that the Olympic Games _(hold) in London in 2020 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.,5. Do you have the ability _ (read and write) English? 6. The building _ (build) next year is our dormitory. 7. I think the scientific advances _ (mention) in your article are

5、interesting. 8. The meeting _ (hold) now is of great importance.,(二) 非謂語作狀語,1. to do 表“目的”，為了做某事。還可作原因狀語 e.g. Helen had to shout to make (make) herself heard above the sound of the music. e.g. Im very glad to see (see) you. 表意想不到的結(jié)果，結(jié)果卻 e.g. He hurried to the station only to find that the train had

6、left.,2. to be done作狀語 表“目的”，為了被 表意想不到的的結(jié)果，結(jié)果卻被 e.g. He hurried to the station only to be told (tell) that the train had left.,3. doing 作狀語 與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且與主句的謂語動(dòng)詞 基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生 e.g. Not knowing (know)what to do, he went to his parents for help. 4. Having done作狀語 與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，先于主句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生 e.g. Having bought (buy

7、) a precious diamond necklace for his wife, Tom couldnt afford a tie for himself.,5. done過去分詞作狀語 與邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系， e.g. Encouraged (encourage) by her teachers, Rose did well at school. 6. Having been done作狀語 與邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且先發(fā)生 Having been asked (ask) work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film., 補(bǔ)充

8、： 非謂語作狀語，也可用連詞when, while, once, until, if, unless, although +doing或done e.g. If given more attention to, the trees could have grown better. e.g. We have to consider the need for environmental protection when developing economy.,練一練,1. The island,(join) to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.

9、 2. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _(say) nothing about the argument. 3. (translate)into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 4. (open) in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park.,5. According to a recent U.S. survey, children

10、 spend up to 25 hours a week _ (watch) TV. 6. _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 7. When _ (ask) why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. 8. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water) every day.,9. _ (searc

11、h) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. 10.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only _(tell)thefilmstarshadleft. 11. _(live) in Nanjing for many years, he knows the place very well. 12._(keep) in the fridge for two hours, the food has gone bad.

12、,(三) 非謂語作賓語補(bǔ)足語,1. 不定式to do sth.作賓語補(bǔ)足語 常見的用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: ask, cause, get, want, wish, tell, advise, encourage, persuade, invite, permit, allow, force, expect, beg, urge, require, call on e.g. I asked him to come over.,2. doing作賓語補(bǔ)足語 表示與賓語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，“一直做或正在做” e.g. I heard her singing an English song when I p

13、assed by her room yesterday. 3. 過去分詞done作賓語補(bǔ)足語 表示與賓語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，“被做” e.g. I often hear this English song sung by Lily. 4. “省略to的不定式”作賓語補(bǔ)足語 表示與賓語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表動(dòng)作的全過程 e.g. The teacher had me repeat the story.,練一練,1. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _ (issue) clear warning before fi

14、ring any shot. 2. Passengers are permitted _ (carry)only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 3. I smell something _ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? 4. Dont leave the water _ (run) while you brush your teeth.,5. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear

15、 English _ (speak) as much as we can. 6. My advisor encouraged me _(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _ (learn). He always works hard. 8. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes _(fix) on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spacesh

16、ip.,(四) 非謂語作主語 1. 不定式to do作主語 e.g. To find a best friend is difficult. = It is difficult to find a best friend. 2. 動(dòng)名詞doing作主語 e.g. Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.,練一練,1. _ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.,(五) 非謂語作賓語,1. 只能用不定式to do作賓語的動(dòng)詞： want, nee

17、d, hope, expect, like, hate, try, manage, intend, plan, pretend, prefer, agree, refuse, learn, decide, choose, offer, promise, wish等 e.g. He pretend not to see me when I passed by.,2. 只能用V-ing作賓語的動(dòng)詞： admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, avoid, enjoy, practice, miss, finish, keep, suggest,

18、 deny, allow, permit, forbid, risk, cant help, put off, give up, feel like, be busy, have difficulty, have a good time, cant stand(忍受)等。 e.g. We dont allow smoking in the hall. e.g. I have to put off shopping till tomorrow.,3. 后面既可以直接加doing也可以直接加to do，兩者意義大致相同的詞有： continue, begin, start, love, hate,

19、 like等。,4. 有些動(dòng)詞后面既可以直接加doing也可以直接加 to do，但兩者意義完全不同的詞 forget/ remember to do sth. 忘記/記得要去做某事 forget/remember doing sth. 忘記/記得已經(jīng)做過某事 try to do 努力做某事 try doing 試著做某事 regret doing 后悔已經(jīng)做過某事 regret to do sth. 很遺憾要去做某事 mean doing 意味著做某事 mean to do 打算做某事 cant help doing 情不自禁地做某事 cant help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事

20、,1. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _(smoke) here. 2. I cant stand _ (work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ (stop) talking while she works. 3. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ (not take) his advice! 4. If you think that treating a woman well

21、means always _ (get) her permission for things, think again.,（六）非謂語作表語,1. 不定式作表語 e.g. My work is to clean the room every day. 注意：作表語，一般要用帶to的不定式, 但當(dāng)主語部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí), to可以省略。 e.g. Now the only thing we can do is wait. e.g. What I wanted to doistakea nap for about two days.,2. v-ing和v-ed作表語 v-ing形式表示“令人的”

22、，多用來修飾事或物 v-ed表示“感到的”，多用來修飾人， 人的聲音或表情等 如interesting有趣的；interested感興趣的； exciting令人激動(dòng)的；excited感到激動(dòng)的 frightening，frightened,四、注意情況 （一）用省to的不定式的情況 1. 在would rather, had better, why not, cant choose but(只好)，cant help but(只能/禁不住) 后面，用省to的不定式。 e.g. I would rather go swimming. e.g. You had better tidy your bedroom. e.g. Why not visit your cousin in Japan?,2. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式由and, or, except, but, than, rather than相連接時(shí)，通常第二個(gè) 不定式要省略to。 e.g. Do you want to go shopping or watch a film? e.g. I decided to write rather than phone.,3. 動(dòng)詞不定