1、開頭段,Introduction,The introduction is the first paragraph of the essay. The introductory paragraph tells your reader what the essay is about. It restates the question in your own words and express the main idea, which is called the thesis or thesis statement. The thesis statement is often the last se

2、ntence of the introductory paragraph.,Classification,Debatable statements eg. Solar energy is the best way of meeting worlds energy needs in the 21st century,Non-debatable Statements eg. Coal and oil are the main sources of energy in the 20th century,Debatable& non-debatable statements,Structure,Top

3、ic,Background,Task,Effectively addresses the topic and task.,Structure,Task,Topic,Background,Introduce the current situation in general. (unnecessary),Focus on the question and restate the topic.,Demonstrate your own opinion and sometimes may list your points.,經(jīng)典3句話,Instance,Some people think that g

4、overnment should spend as much money as possible on developing space technology for the exploration of the moon and other planets. Others think that this money should be spent on solving the basic problems of society on Earth. Which view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to suppor

5、t your answer.,Instance,Society is often divided on major issues involving government spending. One group believes that we should spend as much money as possible on space exploration, while another group thinks that we should spend this money on solving basic social problems on Earth. I believe ther

6、e are stronger reasons for spending on space technology because this leads to knowledge that will benefit society on Earth.,How to introduce?,Technology, broadly defined as the use of tools, has a long history. In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexit

7、y and psychological displacement, both positive and negative effects among _. The benefits of the new technology of today, computers and the internet, are particularly ambiguous. (科技),How to introduce?,It has been said that “environmental problems are global and respect no nations boundaries.” (環(huán)境)

8、No matter how the impact took place, it is clear that since its very advent, the media have played a crucial role in not simply being representative of the values of our society but creating them as well. (媒體),常用背景介紹短語,How to introduce?,文化類,經(jīng)濟(jì)類,政治類,Politics,日益昌盛 快速發(fā)展 隆重集會 熱愛和平 追求進(jìn)步 進(jìn)入新時期 實行新政策 展現(xiàn)生機(jī)和

9、活力 觀察當(dāng)今世界,become increasingly prosperous develop rapidly gather ceremoniously love peace pursue progress enter a new period practice new policies display ones vigor and vitality observe the present-day world,Economics,給帶來機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn) 給帶來積極影響 給予財政資助 有巨大潛力 開發(fā) / 青睞中國市場 加快經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,present (bring) both opportu

10、nities and challenges to bring a more positive impact on. support financially have huge potential for tap / favor the Chinese market speed up economic development and restructuring,Civilization,消除愚昧 掃除文盲 營造良好的文化環(huán)境 促進(jìn)文化市場健康發(fā)展 開展對外文化交流 博采各國文化之長,eliminate ignorance eliminate/wipe out illiteracy create

11、a healthy cultural environment facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products conduct cultural exchange with other countries draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries,How to restate?,Restate,主被動,名詞替換,詞組替代,主被動時態(tài),Only through mistakes can there be discovery or prog

12、ress.,Discovery and progress are made only through mistakes.,名詞替換,It is the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting value.,Artist, not the critic, provides something of lasting value to society.,詞組替代,The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our

13、daily lives.,Studying history is valuable only insofar as it is relevant to our daily lives.,How to demonstrate?,Otherwise, in my view we learn far more from discourse and debate with those whose ideas we oppose than from people whose ideas are in accord with our own. I strongly agree with the asser

14、tion that significant advances in knowledge require expertise from various fields. At some point, however, I think cultural identity should yield to the more practical considerations of day-to-day life in a global society.,Template,Template,With the booming of the modern technology,_. Depending on p

15、ersonal experience, personality type and emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of _ meanwhile others prefer to _. From my point of view, it is more advisable to chose _. My arguments for this point are listed as follows./ for the reason that _, _ and _.,Types,2010年到2011年6月北美地區(qū)托福

16、獨(dú)立寫作分類,Practice: Public Education,2011.1.15 Some people think university professors should spend more time doing research while others think they should spend more time educating students.,V S,Practice: Family,2011.2.11 Parents should allow children to make and learn from their own mistakes.,Practic

17、e: Government,2010.3.20 People can solve important problems by themselves or with the help from their family members so theres no need for the government to help them.,Practice: Human Relations,2011.5.28 One can learn a lot about the person from the type of friends the person has.,Practice: Society,2011.1.21 The rapid gr