1、語(yǔ)態(tài),考點(diǎn)一 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的應(yīng)用 語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（某人做某事）；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（某事被某人做）。 一、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“主語(yǔ)+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，助動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。,二、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法 第一步：先確定主動(dòng)句的主、謂、賓，找出其中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 第二步：把主動(dòng)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，若賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，應(yīng)把賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛?第三步：把主動(dòng)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤爸鷦?dòng)詞be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”，但時(shí)態(tài)不能改變。 第四步：把主動(dòng)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中介

2、詞by的賓語(yǔ)（沒(méi)必要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)可省略），若主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)把主格變?yōu)橘e格。,考點(diǎn)二 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種特殊形式 1. 主動(dòng)句中感官動(dòng)詞see/hear/watch/feel等和使役動(dòng)詞make/let/have等后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)加上不定式符號(hào)to。例如： We saw an alien get out of the UFO. An alien was seen to get out of the UFO.,【溫馨提示】 后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)部分不變。 對(duì)比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in hi

3、s room. Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room.,科目一考試 科目一模擬考試 仿真考試 最新試題,科目二考試 學(xué)車(chē)駕考科目二 技巧 視頻 資料,Listening,2. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后接雙賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)）時(shí)， （1）把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不變。例如： He gave me a new book. 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ) I was given a new book by him.,(2)把直接賓語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)不變。例如： He gave me a new book. 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ) A new book was give

4、n to me by him.,3. 句中謂語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要注意其 完整性。 Jack turned on the TV just now. The TV was turned on by Jack just now. 4. 帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只須把賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)仍保留在原處，作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如： Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once. We were told to clean the classroom at once by our teacher.,5. 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng) (1

5、) feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。例如： The dishes smell so delicious. 菜聞起來(lái)真香。 Your idea sounds better. 你的主意聽(tīng)起來(lái)更好。,(2)有些動(dòng)詞，如sell, cut, drive, wash, clean, write, open, lock等，作為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。例如： Books of Harry Potter sell well. 哈利波特系列的書(shū)很暢銷(xiāo)。 My pen writes smoothly. 我的鋼筆寫(xiě)起字來(lái)很流暢。,(3)

6、sth. need/ want/ require doing相當(dāng)于 sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))。例如： Your room needs cleaning. = Your room needs to be cleaned. 你的房間需要打掃了。 (4) be worth doing(值得做) 中的doing表示被動(dòng)含義。 The movie is worth watching by everyone. 這部電影值得所有人看一看。,7. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 “be + p. p. ”表示動(dòng)作時(shí)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；“be + p. p.

7、 ” 表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 (1)含有“by + 賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，此時(shí)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： The window is broken. 窗戶壞了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)） The window is broken by me. 窗戶是我打破的。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）,(2)句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： The door was closed. 門(mén)是關(guān)著的。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)） The door was closed at 9: 00. 九點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)的門(mén)。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）,(3)系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常用介詞搭配，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中沒(méi)有介詞搭配。例如： Were worried about the boy.

8、我們擔(dān)心那個(gè)男孩。 (4)系表結(jié)構(gòu)的過(guò)去分詞可以被副詞修飾。例如： Im really surprised at the news. 我對(duì)這個(gè)消息真的感到很驚訝。 (5)系表結(jié)構(gòu)通常只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。,單項(xiàng)選擇 1. （2012黔西南州中考）A football match between class two and class three _ tomorrow afternoon. A. is held B. was held C. must be held D. will be held 【解析】選D。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow afternoon可知時(shí)

9、態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，再由主語(yǔ)A football match與hold之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系可知用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選D。,3. （2011重慶中考）Im glad to find that many trees _ in our city last year. A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted 【解析】選C。 many trees與plant之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，再由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last year“去年”可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選C。,4. (2011濟(jì)南中考）Lets play computer games this evening

10、. It _ good. A. sounds B. feels C. tastes D. smells 【解析】選A?？疾閒eel、look、sound、smell、taste等系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。句意：讓我們今天晚上玩電腦游戲吧！聽(tīng)起來(lái)好極了。故選A。,5. （2011寧波中考）There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many people _. A. save B. saved C. are saved D. were saved 【解析】選D。由主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系可知語(yǔ)態(tài)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，再由“There was. .

11、. ”可知是過(guò)去時(shí)，因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選D。,6. （2011貴陽(yáng)中考）Were very glad to know that a great sports meeting _ in Guiyang this September. A. will hold B. will be held C. will be hold 【解析】選B。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為“will be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”。故選B。,7. （2011蘭州中考）In many places in China, the old over 90 _ not only by their family but als

12、o by the government. A. is taking good care B. are taken good care of C. is taking good care of D. are taken good care,8. （2011呼和浩特中考）At last the boy was made _ and began to laugh. A. stop crying B. to stop to cry C. to stop crying D. stop to cry 【解析】選C。句意：最后這個(gè)男孩被弄得停止了哭，開(kāi)始笑了。make，have，see 等動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)