1、時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可用于陳述真理、客觀事實(shí)。,When I was young, our teachers often told us that knowledge is power. 2. He often comes late. 3. The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west. 4. Practice makes perfect.,一般過去時(shí)： 是與“現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系的時(shí)態(tài)”，只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事實(shí)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系；語(yǔ)境中的過去式常表示“剛才,曾經(jīng)”之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已“不再這樣”。表示對(duì)過去某時(shí)或某時(shí)期

2、的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或過去習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作。,Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it. He wrote many plays when he was at college. 3. -Nancy is not coming tonight. -But she promised.,進(jìn)行體： 它具有暫時(shí)性、持續(xù)性、未完成性的特點(diǎn)。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示此刻或現(xiàn)階段進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 用來(lái)表示過去特定的某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的事情。,進(jìn)行體： 一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作作為背景，被一個(gè)短動(dòng)作打斷，長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作往往用進(jìn)行體，短動(dòng)作用一般體。如： My b

3、rother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. The reporter said that the UFO was traveling from east to west when he saw it. 表示動(dòng)作的未完性、暫時(shí)性。如： I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. Selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is not easy task be

4、cause technology is changing so rapidly., 表示計(jì)劃、安排要做的事。如： Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my mum. What were you doing when Tony phoned you ? I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower. 表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)時(shí)發(fā)展中的或正在進(jìn)行的情況。 I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She was working at a ra

5、dio shop at the time. Hey, look where you are going! Oh, Im terribly sorry, I wasnt noticing., 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與constantly, always, forever連用，帶有感情色彩（如感嘆、驚訝、厭煩等）。 Im always hearing strange things about him. He is always leaving things about.,下列幾類動(dòng)詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)態(tài),感知或感覺的動(dòng)詞：hear, see, seem, smell, sound, look, feel等。 表示心理

6、或情感的動(dòng)詞：like, love, hate, prefer, wish等。 表示狀態(tài)存在的動(dòng)詞：be, exist, remain, stay, 等。 表示占有或存屬關(guān)系動(dòng)詞：have, own, belong, contain等。 表示思考、理解等心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞：believe, doubt, forget, know, remember, understand等。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果。以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為參照點(diǎn)。,Eg. He has served in the army for 5 years. He served in the army fro

7、m 1952 to 1954.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的狀語(yǔ)有already, yet, never, before lately, recently, in the last / past few days / years (在過去的這幾天/年里)，since then, up to now, so far, upon to now等,1. Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. A. hadnt left B. didnt leave C. doesnt leave D. hasnt left 2. I i

8、n London for many years，but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China. A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived 3. He _ football regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played,過去完成時(shí)： 表示過去的過去，應(yīng)有一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間做參點(diǎn)。,Eg. She had been i

9、ll for a week before she came back. She has been ill for a week. （現(xiàn)在仍在生病）,注：在before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中可以用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。 After he left the room, a thief came in. We arrived home before it rained.,1. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness . Ahas grown Bis growing

10、 Cgrew Dhad grown 2. My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I _ half of it. A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed,注：表示愿望、打算一類的詞，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want 等，其過去完成時(shí)表示過去未增實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。如： I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. I had meant to help you, bu

11、t I was too busy at the moment. I had thought you would come tomorrow.,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示動(dòng)作過去發(fā)生，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。,Eg. The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. The CCTV has been broadcasting English programmes ever since 1977.,過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)刻開始，一直持續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去時(shí)刻，也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。,Eg. Because he

12、had not been doing his work well, he was fired.,將來(lái)時(shí)： 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。,1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)的用法常用于談?wù)摃r(shí)間表、節(jié)目單或日程表上所安排好的事情，只限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。 The concert begins at 7:00 and ends at 9:00. The train starts at 9 in the morning.,2.在if, unless, even if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，在wh

13、en, before, until (till), as soon as, the moment, once 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句是將來(lái)時(shí)（往往出現(xiàn)will / shall / can / must ），從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。（即“主將從現(xiàn)”）如： Ill go with you as soon as I finish my work. Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.,3. 進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)：表示計(jì)劃、安排要做的事。如： Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida.

14、I am taking my mum. What were you doing when Tony phoned you ? I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _. A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off,4. be to do sth. 表示按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事 When are you to lea

15、ve for two days to New York? She is to get married next month. 注：was/were to do sth.表示“命中注定要發(fā)生的事”; was/were to have done則表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)劃。 We were to have told you, but you were not in.,4. be to do sth. 表示“指令”，相當(dāng)于should, ought to, must, have to。例如： You are to report to the police. 你應(yīng)該報(bào)警。 The books in this

16、room are not to be taken outside. (The books in this room mustnt be taken outside.) 這個(gè)室內(nèi)的書籍不得帶出室外。 表示“想，打算”，相當(dāng)于intend, want。例如： If we are to be there before ten, well have to go now.,4. be to do sth. 用于第一人稱疑問句，表示征求對(duì)方意見。如： What are we to do next? 在與be 連用的結(jié)構(gòu)中，see, find, congratulate 的不定式被動(dòng)式有特殊的用法。 The

17、 news is to be found in the evening paper. He is nowhere to be seen. You are to be congratulated. 應(yīng)當(dāng)向您表示祝賀。,5. will/shall will的特殊用法：可以用于表示事先未考慮過，即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)想到的。 Eg. -youve left the light on. -Oh, so I have. I will go and turn it off.,6. be going to do sth. 表示意圖、打算或有跡象發(fā)生某事；但be going to 不能用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中。,注：w

18、as/were going to do sth.表示過去將來(lái)或表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或想法。 -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor.,7. be about to do sth. when = be on the point of doing sth. when “即將做某事這時(shí)”,Eg. He was about to leave when the telephone rang.,將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；也可表示按計(jì)劃去做某事。,1.

19、She wont be able to come next week, because she _ herself in Mount Tai then. enjoys B. will be enjoying C. is enjoying D. will have enjoying 2. -Did you write to Peter last month? -No, but I _ him this June. A. will be seen B. will be seeing C. will have been seeing D. will have seen,將來(lái)完成時(shí)：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻已

20、經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,By the time he finishes the part-time job, he _ much work experience. will gain B. will have gained C. has gained D. had gained,約定俗成的句式結(jié)構(gòu)：, (This) It is/was the first time that have done/had done This is the first time I have come here. It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistak

21、e. It was / had been + 一段時(shí)間 + sincehad done It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. (試比較：It is/has been + 一段時(shí)間+ sincedid),約定俗成的句式結(jié)構(gòu)：, be about to do/ be on the point of doing sthwhen意為“即將（這時(shí)）突然” I was about to go out when the telephone rang. be (was /were) + doing when 意為“正在干（這時(shí)）突然”

22、。如 They were reading when Tom shouted in pain. Hardly/No sooner haddonewhen/thandid 表示“剛剛就”。 Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.,約定俗成的句式結(jié)構(gòu)：, It will be/was + 一段時(shí)間 + beforedo/did. 如： It wont be long before he succeeds. It was ten years before they met again.,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：,常用的九

23、種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式 1、am / is /are done （一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） 2、was /were done（一般過去時(shí)） 3、will /shall be done （一般將來(lái)時(shí)） 4、would be done （過去將來(lái)時(shí)） 5、am /is / are being done （現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)） 6、was /were being done （過去進(jìn)行時(shí)） 7、has /have been done （現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)） 8、had been done （過去完成時(shí)） 9、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be done （情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：,That old man was often laughed at. The

24、doctor has been sent for. Time must be made good use of. The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. Bad habits have been done away with.,注： be seen /heard /noticed /felt / watched /observed /made /had to do sth. Tom was made to recite those dull poems.,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：,“get + 過去分詞”也可以表示被動(dòng)，此結(jié)構(gòu)比

25、較口語(yǔ)化，如： She got married last week. He fell off the car and got killed.,主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義：,1系動(dòng)詞look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, remain, become, fall, get, grow, keep + 形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be) practical. It has gone bad. 2表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。如

26、begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。 Work began at 7 oclock this morning. The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day.,主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義：,3表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞。如read, write, iron, cut, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink。這類動(dòng)詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，常用一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)。如： This coat dries easily. 這種外衣容易干。 Nyl