1、unit 3 Body language and Non-verbal communication Grammer,外研版必修4第三單元 中牟縣第一高級中學(xué) 主講人：張永玲,連詞與狀語從句,狀語從句包括時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句。狀語從句的考查主要集中在連接詞的掌握上，尤其要重視as, until, before, since, when, in case等連詞的各種語義功能和語法功能。其考點(diǎn)主要包括： 1考查狀語從句的連接詞。要掌握每個連詞的含義及其用法，還有它們之間的一些區(qū)別。,考點(diǎn)梳理,如：時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有whil

2、e, when, as, as soon as, until, notuntil, before, after, since等； 條件狀語從句的連詞有 if, unless, in case, on condition that, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that)等； 結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有sothat(如此以至于)，suchthat(如此以至于)等。,2. 考查固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法的連接詞。如：no soonerthan/hardlywhen(一就); the moment/minute，directly等的連詞功能。 3. 考查不同性質(zhì)的連詞

3、在不同的語境中所表現(xiàn)的不同意義，如as既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，又能引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句和讓步狀語從句； where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句和定語從句等。 4. 考查狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。主要考查時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，以及一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)的用法。,5. 考查狀語從句的省略。在時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、讓步等狀語從句中，常常省略相同的主語或作主語的代詞it以及be動詞，保留現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語、不定式等成分。如果從句中有“it is形容詞”，也可以省略it is。 6. 考查狀語從句、賓語從句、簡單句和并列句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)。如： 區(qū)分when，if引導(dǎo)賓語從句和狀語從句的不同：when

4、引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句意為“當(dāng)時(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)賓語從句意為“什么時(shí)候”； if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)賓語從句意為“是否”。,連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩種。如果句子包含兩個或更多的互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，則該句就是并列句。含表遞進(jìn)，表選擇，表轉(zhuǎn)折，表因果等四種主要句型。并列句中的分句通常用一個并列連詞來連接，其中各分句意義同等重要，聯(lián)系密切，無從屬關(guān)系。連接各種從句的連詞為從屬連詞(狀語從句中重點(diǎn)介紹)。,并列連詞,1.并列連詞歸納,2. 使用并列連詞應(yīng)注意的問題 (1)and, not only.but (also)., neither.nor.等詞連接的并列句，在意義上主要對前一句子作補(bǔ)充或

5、引申，包括肯定和否定兩方面的意義。如： Think it over, and youll find a way out. 仔細(xì)考慮，你將發(fā)現(xiàn)一條出路。 Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but also his students began to show interest in it. 不僅他自己對這個科目感興趣，他的學(xué)生也開始顯示出興趣來。,Neither does he work hard, nor does his brother. 他和他兄弟工作都不努力。 (2)or，either.or.，otherwise連接并列句

6、表示選擇意義。 The children can go with us, or they can stay in. 孩子們可以跟我們一起去，也可以留下。 Either he is to blame or you are. 不是他就是你該受責(zé)備。 Hurry up, otherwise youll be late for the meeting. 快一點(diǎn)，要不然你開會會遲到的。,1. 時(shí)間狀語從句：when, while, as, whenever, till, until, before, after, by the time, the first time, the last time, a

7、s soon as, once, the moment, each time, since, ever since, no sooner.than, hardly.when, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly, every time, next time 2. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句：where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere,狀語從句的連接詞,3. 條件狀語從句：if, unless, providing/provided that, as/so long as, on condition that, suppos

8、e/supposing that, in case, only if 4. 原因狀語從句：because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, for the reason that, given (that) 5. 目的狀語從句：that, so that, lest, in case, for fear that, in order that,6. 結(jié)果狀語從句：so that, so.that., such.that. 7. 讓步狀語從句：though, although, even if/though, as, whi

9、le, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter, whether.or, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that 8. 比較狀語從句：(not) as.as, (not) the same as, not so.as, (not) such.as, than 9. 方式狀語從句：as if/though, (just) as,(一)時(shí)間狀語從句 1. when, while, as用法解析 when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句表示某個具體時(shí)間， 有“當(dāng)時(shí)候”的意思，從句中的動詞可以是 終止性

10、動詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動詞，從句的動 作和主句的動作可以是同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生；,時(shí)間狀語從句和地點(diǎn)狀語從句,while只表示一段持續(xù)的時(shí)間，有“在的同時(shí)”的意思，主句的動作在從句動作發(fā)生的過程中或主從句兩個動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句中的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞；as從句通常表示動作的進(jìn)展過程，有“隨著，一邊一邊”的意思，從句的動作和主句的動作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后。如： When I got to the airport, the guests had left. (主先從后，從句謂語got表示終止性的動作) 當(dāng)我趕到機(jī)場時(shí)，客人們已經(jīng)離開了。,When he had finished his home

11、work, he took a short rest. (從先主后，從句謂語finished表示終止性的動作) 當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后，他休息了一會兒。 When/While/As we were dancing. a stranger came in. (we were dancing表示延續(xù)性的動作) 當(dāng)我們跳舞時(shí)，一位陌生人走了進(jìn)來。 The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases. 隨著高度的增加，大氣越來越稀薄。,【注意】(1)由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；如果從句和主句的動

12、作同時(shí)發(fā)生，兩句都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用while引導(dǎo)。如： When the teacher came in, we were talking. 當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來時(shí)，我們正在說話。 (當(dāng)此句改變主從句的位置時(shí)，則為：While we were talking, the teacher came in.) They were singing while we were dancing. 他們在唱歌，我們在跳舞。,(2)when和while還可作并列連詞。when表示“在那時(shí)，此時(shí)突然”；while表示“然而，卻”，表對比或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。并列連詞when常用于以下句型中： .was/were doing

13、.when. (正在做突然) .was/were about to do.when. (剛要做突然) .was/were on the point of doing.when. (剛要做突然) .had just done.when. (剛一就),Hardly/Scarcely had done.when. (剛一就) 如： The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motorbike. 孩子們正要跑過去搬開那袋米，這時(shí)他們聽到了摩托車的聲音。 He is strong wh

14、ile his brother is weak. 他長得很結(jié)實(shí)，而他弟弟卻很瘦弱。,2. before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句 (1)before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)詞義非常靈活。 e.g. Before I could get in a word, the tailor had measured me. (還沒來得及就) 我還沒來得及插話，裁縫就給我量好了尺寸。 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. (還沒就) 我們還沒跑到一英里，他就感到累了。,We had sailed 4 days before we saw land. (才) 我們航行了四天才看到

15、陸地。 Please write it down before you forget it. (趁還沒就) 趁你還沒忘記請寫下來吧。 (2)before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句常用句型。 It was/will be時(shí)間段before. 過了多久才,e.g. It was three years before he finished the work. 他花了三年時(shí)間才完成這項(xiàng)工作。(談?wù)撨^去) It will be three years before he finishes the work. 他得花三年時(shí)間才能完成這項(xiàng)工作。(談?wù)搶? It wont be/take long before.

16、不久就會(這里long可用一段時(shí)間來替代) e.g. It wont be long before he finishes the work. 他不久就會完成這項(xiàng)工作。,3. till/until和not.till/until (1)肯定句：主句謂語動詞必須是持續(xù)性的，意思是“直到(某時(shí)某動作停止了)”。如： The students made much noise till/until the teacher came into the classroom. 直到老師走進(jìn)教室學(xué)生們才停止了大聲喧嘩。 【注意】until可以放在句首而till則不行。 Until they used up al

17、l their money, the young couple were very happy.() Till they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy.(),(2)否定句：主句謂語動詞必須是短暫性的，意思是“某動作直到某時(shí)才(發(fā)生)”。 She wont go to bed till/until he returns home. 直到他回來她才睡覺。 (3)not.until還有強(qiáng)調(diào)式和倒裝式 強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It is not until he returns home that she will go to be

18、d. 倒裝句：Not until he returns home will she go to bed. (not until.置于句首，主句要倒裝),4since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句 since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句表示自從某時(shí)或某事發(fā)生以來，從句一般表示動作的起點(diǎn)，用過去時(shí)，主句表示動作的延續(xù)情況，一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 常用句型：It is/has been一段時(shí)間since. (自從以來有) e.g. Since he graduated from the college，he has worked in this city. 他大學(xué)畢業(yè)后一直在這座城市工作。,Jack came to see m

19、e last month, since we left school we had not seen each other. 杰克上個月來看我，自從我們離開學(xué)校，我們一直沒有見過面。 It is/has been three years since he finished the work. 自從他完成這項(xiàng)工作已經(jīng)三年了。,【注意】該句型中，從句的動詞如果是延續(xù)性 的，時(shí)間要從從句的動作結(jié)束時(shí)算起，要翻譯 成否定含義，即“沒做某事已經(jīng)多久了”。,【考例】 I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phoned me to go back home at

20、once. (大綱全國卷II) A. when B. than C. until D. after 2. He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. (山東) A. as B. if C. unless D. though,3. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to you. (江西) A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever,

21、(二)地點(diǎn)狀語從句 1. 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞where，wherever(no matter where)指具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)，從句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象的含義時(shí)，從句須放在主句之前。如： They are planting trees where there is plenty of water and sunlight. 他們在陽光雨水充足的地方植樹。 Wherever you go, I go too. 無論你到什么地方，我都去。(wherever多用于句首),While she was wondering where to go, she met a policeman. 正當(dāng)

22、她琢磨去哪里時(shí)，她遇到一個警察。(疑問副詞where后跟不定式，構(gòu)成不定式短語),2. 區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句 where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，where是關(guān)系副詞，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，其前面有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞，where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾先行詞；where引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，where是從屬連詞，where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞，where前面沒有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞。,Go back where you came from. (where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句) 回到你來的地方去。 Go back to the village where you came from. (where引導(dǎo)定語從

23、句，修飾village) 回到你來的那個村子里去。,【考例】A number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. (山東) A. when B. where C. before D. until,(一)條件狀語從句 在表示條件的狀語從句中，既可以用陳述語 氣做“真實(shí)條件句”，也可以用虛擬語氣做“非真實(shí)條件句”。if表示正面的條件，意為“如果”；unless(if.not)表示反面的條件，意為“除非，如果不”。如： If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你

24、請求他，他會幫助你。,條件狀語從句和原因狀語從句,If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早來幾分鐘就碰到他了。(用虛擬語氣表示非真實(shí)條件句的情況) I may not come to see you recently unless I can complete the project ahead of time. 除非我能提前完成那個項(xiàng)目，否則我最近不會來看你了。,【注意】unless是比if.not略為正式的表達(dá)法， unless從句的謂語只能是肯定式。如： Do not come unless I

25、 call you. Do not come if I do not call you. 不要來除非我叫你。 Unless hes in uniform, he doesnt look like a policeman. 除非他穿制服，否則他看上去不像個警察。,2. in case, on condition that, providing (that), provided (that), supposing (that), suppose (that) 等詞匯意思相近，指“如果，假如，假使， 在條件下”。如： In case he comes，let me know. 如果他來的話，告訴我一

26、聲。 I will go, providing/provided (that) my expenses are paid. 只要我的費(fèi)用有人付，我就去。,Suppose/Supposing (that) he does not come, what shall we do? 他要是不來，我們該怎么辦？ They promised to let us have a meeting in their office on condition that we could keep it clean. 如果我們能保持清潔，他們答應(yīng)讓我們在他們的辦公室里開會。,3. as long as(so long

27、as)引導(dǎo)語氣強(qiáng)烈的條件狀語從句時(shí)，意為“只要”。如： You may use the book so long as you return it on time. 只要你準(zhǔn)時(shí)還，你就可以借這本書。,(二)原因狀語從句 1. because, since, as, for都是表示原因或理由的連接詞。as, because, since是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。for是并列連詞。在語氣上，becausesinceasfor。,2. because引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，表示產(chǎn)生那種結(jié)果的必然的因果關(guān)系，在回答why的提問時(shí)，必須用because作答；as與since引導(dǎo)的

28、從句多置于句首，as意為“由于，鑒于”，說明一般的因果關(guān)系，表示比較明顯的原因；since意為“既然”，表示對方已知的無需加以說明的原因或事實(shí)；for連接的分句一般放在句末，其前用逗號，它所敘述的理由是對前面敘述的事實(shí)或看法的補(bǔ)充說明。,We stayed at home because it rained. 因?yàn)橄掠晡覀兇诩依铩?As he was not feeling well, I decided to go there alone. 由于他身體欠佳，我決定獨(dú)自去那里。 Since everyone is here, lets start. 既然大家都到了，咱們就開始吧。 There

29、 must be nobody in the classroom, for the light is off. 教室里一定沒有人，因?yàn)闊羰顷P(guān)著的。,【考例】 Coach, can I continue with the training? Sorry, you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury. (重慶 ) A. until B. before C. as D. unless,(一)目的狀語從句 目的狀語從句的連接詞可以分為兩大部分：表示肯定意義的so that，in order that，意為“為了使發(fā)生，以便”，從句中含有情態(tài)

30、動詞can/could，may/might等；表示否定意義的in case，for fear that，lest，意為“為了使不發(fā)生，以免，以防”，從句謂語動詞往往用“(should)動詞原形”。,目的狀語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句,We should go all out in order that we may be able to complete the task. 為了完成任務(wù)，我們應(yīng)該全力以赴。 Ill keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind. 我給你留個座，沒準(zhǔn)你會改變主意。 Batteries must be ke

31、pt in dry places for fear that electricity leak away. 電池應(yīng)該放在干燥的地方，以免漏電。 I will not make a noise lest I (should) disturb you. 我不出聲，以免打攪你。,【注意】如果表示“為了使發(fā)生，以便”的目的狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同，可用in order to或so as to代替該目的狀語從句。 He hurried through his work in order to catch the train. 他匆匆干完手中的活，為的是能趕上火車。 I sent the plans

32、 in order for you to study them fully before the meeting. 我寄給你這些計(jì)劃以便讓你會前充分研究一下。,The desks are kept some distance apart, so as to prevent cheating. 這些課桌都隔著一段距離擺放，以防作弊。 I came so early as to catch the first train. 我來得早，以便能趕上頭班火車。,(二)結(jié)果狀語從句 so.that和such.that都是引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞，它們都表示“如此以致”的意思。,1. 結(jié)構(gòu)形式 adj./

33、adv. adj. +a/an +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式 many/much/little/few + 名詞 a/an + adj. + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式 adj. + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式/不可數(shù)名詞 a lot of/lots of +名詞,so +,such,+ that,+ that,He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word. 他如此生氣以至于什么也沒說就離開了房間。 He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him. 他作了個如此精彩的演講以至于每個

34、人都崇拜他。 He told us so funny a story that we all laughed. 他講了個如此有趣的故事，以至于我們都笑了。,【注意】so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，從句中一般不使用情態(tài)動詞。如： He worked in the sun for a long time, so that he got burnt. 他在烈日下工作了很長時(shí)間，結(jié)果被曬傷了。,2. 當(dāng)so或such置于句首時(shí)，主句部分要倒 裝。 Such a good boy is he that we all love him. 他是那么好的一個男孩子，我們都喜歡 他。 So shallow is

35、 the lake that no fish can live in it. 湖這么淺，因此里面沒有魚。,【考例】 Leave your key with your neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. (遼寧) A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if 2. The police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life. (上海) A. in case B. as if C. in order

36、that D. only if,3. The weather was _ cold that I didnt like to leave my room. (全國卷I) A. really B. such C. too D. so,(一)讓步狀語從句 1. although和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然但是”，主句里不可用but (but引導(dǎo)并列句也表示“雖然但是”)。若要強(qiáng)調(diào)前后兩部分的對比意義，可在主句前加yet或still。 Although/Though he has a lot of money, yet/still he is unhappy. 他雖然有很多錢，但并不

37、幸福。,讓步狀語從句、方式狀語從句和比較狀語從句,even能和though連用表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，但不能和 although連用，因此，不能說even although, 在這里even thougheven if，意為“即使 也”。 although和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)， 常采用省略形式。 Although tired(Although he was tired), he kept on working. 雖然很疲勞，但他仍繼續(xù)工作。,2. 當(dāng)as作“盡管，雖然”的意思講引導(dǎo)讓步狀語 從句時(shí)，從句往往放在主句的前面，而且 用作讓步的部分總是提前到句首。 Old as he is, he i

38、s still energetic. 盡管他上了年紀(jì)，卻依然還是精力充沛。 (表語作為讓步的內(nèi)容，因此提前) Much as you suspected him, you couldnt provide powerful evidence. 雖然你非常懷疑他，但是你卻無法提供有 力的證據(jù)。(狀語作為讓步的內(nèi)容，因此提前),【注意】as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，若 表語為單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞，倒裝時(shí)名詞 前不加冠詞。 Clever boy as he is, he doesnt work hard at all. 雖然是個聰明的男孩，但他學(xué)習(xí)一點(diǎn) 也不努力。,3. “疑問詞ever”與“no matter

39、疑問詞”的相關(guān) 用法 (1)“疑問代詞ever”可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句和名詞 性從句(主語從句、賓語從句)兩種類型的從句。 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。此時(shí)whatever/whoever/ whichever分別等于“no matter what/who/which” e.g. Whatever happened, he wouldnt say a word. No matter what happened, he wouldnt say a word. 不管發(fā)生什么事，他都一言不發(fā)。,【注意】這類從句中應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來， 從句中也常用情態(tài)動詞may/might. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 Whoever s

40、mokes here will be punished. 無論誰在這兒抽煙都將受到懲罰。(主語從句) You may invite whoever/whomever you like. 你可以邀請你想邀請的任何人。(賓語從句，常用whoever代替whomever),【注意】此時(shí)不能抽象成“no matter疑問詞”的形式，但whoever等于anyone who，whatever等于anything that。 (2)“疑問副詞ever”：wherever/whenever/however一般只能引導(dǎo)一種類型的從句，即讓步狀語從句，此時(shí)它們分別等于“no matterwhere/when/h

41、ow”。,【注意】當(dāng)however用作連接副詞時(shí)也可引導(dǎo) 名詞性從句，但whenever/wherever則不能 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。如： Ill give you however much money you need. (賓語從句，此時(shí)however不能改成no matter how),(3)whatever/whichever/whoever 與 whenever/wherever/however 分別可相當(dāng)于 what/which/who與when/where/how 的強(qiáng)調(diào) 式，引起的特殊疑問句往往是簡單句，與原 疑問詞的意思、用法完全相同，只是表達(dá)的 語氣更為強(qiáng)烈，翻譯時(shí)可加上“到底，

42、究竟” 等。,【考例】 I dont believe weve met before, _ I must say you do look familiar. (新課標(biāo)全國卷) A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless 2. Hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. (陜西) A. although B. as C. while D. however,3. _ I always felt I would pass

43、the exam, I never thought I would get an A. (湖南) A. While B. Once C. If D. Until 4. _ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. (湖南) A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever,(二)方式狀語從句 as if或as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中，如果表示真實(shí)情況應(yīng)該用陳述語氣；如果表示非真實(shí)情況則應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣。這一點(diǎn)也取

44、決于說話人的態(tài)度、看法。 It gets darker and darker in the sky as if its going to rain. (表示真實(shí)情況，用陳述語氣) 天越來越暗，似乎要下雨了。 She speaks as if she knew everything in the world. (表示非真實(shí)情況，用虛擬語氣) 她說話的樣子就像她知道世界上的一切事情。,【考例】Jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever. (湖南) A. a

45、s if B. in case C. while D. though,【分析】選A。題意：杰克沒說什么，但老 師朝他微笑，好像他做了非常聰明的事。 as if意為“好像”，符合語境，在此引導(dǎo)方 式狀語從句。,(三)比較狀語從句 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的常用連詞有than，as . as .（和一樣），否定副詞+ so / as . as .（不像一樣），the +形容詞或副詞的比較級+ .，（越越）。 as . as . 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句用在同級比較中，若表否定用not so / as . as .。其中第一個so / as是副詞，修飾主句的形容詞或副詞的原形，后一個as是連詞，引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。

46、,【考例】I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now. (大綱全國卷I) A. so B. very C. too D. rather,【分析】選A。seldom 為否定副詞，意為“很少”?！胺穸ǜ痹~+ so . as .”是固定句式，意思是“不像那樣”。,(2015溫州模擬)The police set about arresting the suspect _ they found enough evidence to prove him guilty. A. now that B. as lo

47、ng as C. the moment D. in case,鞏固練習(xí),2. (2015咸陽模擬)How long do you suppose it will be _ he arrives at the Bell Tower? An hour or so. A. when B. before C. since D. after 【解析】選B。考查狀語從句。此處考查句型It will be +一段時(shí)間+before. . . 要過多久才, before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。,3. I had such a wonderful time _ I visited my friends in Lond

48、on last summer. A. when B. that C. which D. as 4. (2015蘭州模擬)Everything was placed exactly it used to be before she left the laboratory. A. why B. when C. where D. though,5. (2015杭州模擬) _ there are a large number of chemical factories, the air is likely to be polluted. A. Where B. That C. Though D. As

49、 6. Campers must not approach animals in the wild, _ they seem friendly. A. as if B. even though C. now that D. in case,7. (2015成都模擬) _ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. A. While B. Once C. If D. Until 【解析】選A?？疾樽尣綘钫Z從句。once一旦, 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句; if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句; until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。,

50、8. (2015涼山模擬)_, Scarlett never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. A. Try as hard she will B. Trying hard as she will C. Try hard as she will D. Trying as hard she will 【解析】選C?？疾闋钫Z從句。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句需使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu): 表語/副詞/動詞原形+as+主語+謂語(一部分)。故選C項(xiàng)。,9. Which city do you expect to live in? I dont mind where I l

51、ive _ there is my favourite job. A. so that B. in case C. as far as D. so long as 【解析】選D?？疾闋钫Z從句。so long as表示 “只要”，此處引導(dǎo)一個條件狀語從句。,10. We agree to reduce our price by 3%_ you guarantee to open the credit card on time. A. unless B. so that C. even if D. on condition that 【解析】選D?？疾闋钫Z從句。on condition that表示“只要”，此處引導(dǎo)一個條件狀語從句，符合前后兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。,1. (2015陜西高考)I have heard a lot of good things about you _ I came back from abroad. A. since B. until C. before D. when 2. (2015山東高考) _ I have to give a