1、語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)法講義51 三、主語(yǔ)對(duì)謂語(yǔ)一致的要求 1.由and 或both.and 連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。例如：Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery. 但請(qǐng)注意以下情況：(1) 用and連接的并列主語(yǔ)，指同一人，同一物，同一事或同一概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。例如：Bread and butter is my usual breakfast.His warmest admirer and severest critic was his wife. (主語(yǔ)指同一人)Whisky and soda is always his

2、favourite drink.(主語(yǔ)指同一物)War and peace is a constant theme in history.(主語(yǔ)指同一概念)The wheel and axle is a rotating lever. 輪子和軸是轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的杠桿。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只知用功不玩耍，聰明的孩子也變傻。(2) and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞前，若都有each, every, many a, (3) no等修飾，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。例如：Many a student and many a teacher in that sch

3、ool has seen that film.Each man and each woman is asked to help.(4) 由“and連接的修飾語(yǔ)+單數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，隨and后定冠詞有或無(wú)，確定用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。例如：The bread and the butter are on sale.(面包和黃油)The bread and butter is always my favourite eating.(涂黃油的面包)1. 由or(或)，either.or.(或者或者)，neither.nor.(既不也不)，nor(也不)等連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與毗鄰的并列成分保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。

4、例如：Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else was awarded the prize.四、“名詞+某些詞組”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)只與前面的名詞保持一致.引導(dǎo)這些詞組的連詞或介詞有：as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than (和一樣)，with, along with, including, together with, in addition to, except, but, besides, like等。例如：Their mother as well as they is ve

5、ry kind to me.Man, no less than the lower forms of life, is the product of the evolutionary process. Mrs. Stevens, along with her cousins, is planning to attend the party.五、當(dāng)表示“全體”、“部分”、“許多”、“種類”的量詞或代詞構(gòu)成的詞組做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有以下幾種情況：1. 以“all/some/any/none/most/half/the rest/the remainder/plenty+of+名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)根

6、據(jù)句子含義來(lái)定。一般情況根據(jù)of后的名詞是可數(shù)名詞或是不可數(shù)名詞判斷。例如：Half of our task was done.我們的任務(wù)已有一半完成了。Half of the apples were bad.蘋果一半是壞了的。The rest needs no telling.其余用不著說(shuō)了。Three of us will go; the rest are staying at home.我們有三個(gè)人去，其余留在家里。There are plenty of natural resources to be explored.大量的自然資源有待勘察。Plenty of sugar is alr

7、eady here.這里已放好了許多糖。Most of the houses in this town are new.這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)上的大多數(shù)房子是新的。Most of the oil is imported from the Middle East.大部分石油是從中東進(jìn)口的。2. 以“the majority of/lots of/heaps of+名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。例如：There are lots of such people there.這種人那兒多得很。There is usually lots of fun there.那里通常有很多樂(lè)趣。The ma

8、jority decides it.這由多數(shù)人決定。The majority of them have no opinion at all.他們大部分完全沒(méi)有意見(jiàn)。3.以“a variety of+名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，of后的名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，of后的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。4.以“分?jǐn)?shù)(或百分?jǐn)?shù))+of+名詞”做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)與of后的名詞一致。例如：Three fourths of the crop was ruined.(以上1、2、3、4各條以of后名詞單復(fù)數(shù)確定謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù))5.以“a portion/a series/ a species+of+名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例如：A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend.6.“an amount of/a great deal of+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式7.“a quantity of+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。(而以quantities of+不可數(shù)名詞(或可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。)(以上5、6、7各條用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ))1. 以“form of/type of/kind of+名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)