1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 The Subjunctive Mood,1.英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式來(lái)表示。,2.定義：用來(lái)表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不 可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語(yǔ)氣叫虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,1.If I were you, I would work hard. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 2. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.,與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,3.If it should rain tomorrow, they would put off the me

2、eting. 4.If she came here tomorrow, she might tell us what has happened to her. 5. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.,與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反,一：虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ) 從句中的用法。,條件從句,If 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式,主句的謂語(yǔ)形式,現(xiàn)在,過(guò)去,未來(lái),過(guò)去時(shí)（were）,過(guò)去完成時(shí),Would/could/should/might +V.（原）,Would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.過(guò)

3、去時(shí) 2.should+V. 3. were to do,would/could/should/might +V.（原）,考題點(diǎn)擊： I am not free today. If I _free today , I _ and visit some of my friends . A. am will go B. were , would go C. shall be D. be , must go 2. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me then. A. had been , would have helped B. had been,

4、would help C. were, would help D. were, would have help 3.If I were to see Tom, what _ you _ me to tell him? A. are ,going to ask B. do , ask C. would , ask D. did, ask,二：虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型：,Wish 的賓語(yǔ)從句,現(xiàn)在： 過(guò)去： 未來(lái)：,過(guò)去時(shí)（were）,過(guò)去完成時(shí),would/could/might+V. should,I wish I （be）a great scientist now I wish I （see）the

5、 film yesterday. I wish she （come）on time tomorrow.,were,had seen,would come,2. Would rather that,現(xiàn)在： 過(guò)去： 未來(lái)：,1）我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就來(lái)這里。,I would rather you hadnt told me that thing yesterday.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),I would rather you came here now.,2）我寧愿你昨天沒(méi)有告訴我那件事,3. as if /t

6、hough + Clause,現(xiàn)在： 過(guò)去：,過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),2）They talked as if they had been friends for years.,1）She loves the baby as if it were her own son.,4.Its (about/high) time +that -,should +V.,過(guò)去時(shí),你該走了。,我們?cè)撊ニX(jué)了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time th

7、at we should go to bed.,5.表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,1）賓語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞： 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。即 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand , require, request, desire 這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞 使用should + 動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D

8、. would sell The father insisted his daughter _ a rich man. A. would be engaged toB. be engaged to C. should engaged toD. must be engaged to,注：insist / suggest 各有兩種意思，要用不同的語(yǔ)氣 insist 表示“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí),用虛擬形式（should + do）; He insisted that all of us （should） be there on time by any means. insist 表示“堅(jiān)稱，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”時(shí)，用陳

9、述語(yǔ)氣,表示事實(shí)。 He insisted that he was right. suggest 表示“建議”時(shí)，用虛擬形式，即 should + do; The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. suggest 表示“表明、暗示”時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 His pale face suggested that he was ill.,以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞：order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)

10、從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣都要用should + 動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。,13.,The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given,6.Without，otherwise和but for（要不是）等表示含蓄的條件,這時(shí)主句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 1）Without sunlight, peoples life would

11、be different from today. 2）But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. 3）I was ill that day. Otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meet.,7. if only 意為：要是.那該多好啊; 真希望.; 由其引起的感嘆句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與if虛擬條件句相同。 現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去（were） 過(guò)去：過(guò)去完成 將來(lái)：would/could/ + v (2003上海春季高考題)Look at the trouble I am in! If

12、 only I _ your advice. A. followed B. would follow C. had followedD. should follow,8. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形,It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. Its necessary that we hard.,should study,9. 某些簡(jiǎn)單句的固定句型：常見(jiàn)的表示祝愿的句子中，謂語(yǔ)

13、動(dòng)詞常使用：1）動(dòng)詞原型2）may+動(dòng)詞原型 God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,三： 虛擬語(yǔ)氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)：,1.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句是指從句與主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同。此時(shí)，需要按時(shí)間來(lái)確定虛擬形式。,（1）從句指過(guò)去，而主句指現(xiàn)在,從句： had + 過(guò)去分詞,主句： would/could + 動(dòng)詞原形,If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.,（2）從句指現(xiàn)在，而主句指過(guò)去,從句： 過(guò)去式（be用were),

14、主句： would/could + have + P.P.,If he knew her, he would have talked with her.,If he had not gone out in the storm, he _ alive now. A. will be B. would be C. would have been D. is,跟蹤練習(xí),錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句,2.假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有should， were， had三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞可以把if省略，并將這三個(gè)詞提至句首。 1）If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you,

15、I would give it up.,2）If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. 3）If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do?,You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. (NMET 1996 )

16、A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got,歷年高考真題,How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!,A. has B. had C. will have D. had had,-Do you mind if I open the window? -_ I feel a bit cold.,A. Of course not. B. Id rather

17、 you didnt. C. Go ahead. D. Why not?, What courses are you going to do next term? I dont know. But its about time _ on something. A. I would decide B. I decided C. I decide D. Im deciding,跟蹤練習(xí),Robert wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university. A. studies B. studied C. has

18、 studied D. had studied,跟蹤練習(xí),He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come,跟蹤練習(xí),虛擬語(yǔ)氣,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed 2.It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. He would be still alive today if he _ that dru