1、時(shí)態(tài)語氣，通常是現(xiàn)在：表示重復(fù)和習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作也可以用來陳述真理，客觀事實(shí)。When I was young，Our teachers often told us that knowledge is power . 2 . he often comes late . 3 . the sun rises in the east and sets down in the west表示科舉或特定時(shí)期的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或科舉習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作。Your phone number again？I did nt quite catch it . he wrote many plays when he was at coll

2、ege . 3-Nancy is not coming tonight-but she promisis立即進(jìn)行：指示在當(dāng)前階段或當(dāng)前階段執(zhí)行的操作?？婆e進(jìn)行中：用于表示過去特定時(shí)刻發(fā)生的或過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的事情。進(jìn)行體：以長動(dòng)作為背景，被短動(dòng)作打斷，長動(dòng)作經(jīng)常作為進(jìn)行體，短動(dòng)作作為普通體。示例：my brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself . the reporter said that the UFO was traveling from east to west when he saw it示例I

3、am just helping out until the new secretary arrives . selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is not easy task because technology is changing sselectingI had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower。指示目前或當(dāng)時(shí)正在開發(fā)或進(jìn)行中的狀況。I first met Lisa 3 years ago . she was working at a radio shop

4、at the time . hey，look where you are going！im terribly sorry，I wasnt noticing。時(shí)態(tài)和constantly，always，forever，情感色彩(如感嘆、驚訝、無聊等)。表示im always hearing strange things about him . he is always leaving things about心理或感情的動(dòng)詞：like、love、hate、prefer、wish等。表示狀態(tài)存在的動(dòng)詞：be、exist、remain、stay等。擁有或維持關(guān)系動(dòng)詞：表示have、own、belong

5、、contain等。表示思維、理解等心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞：beliv(貝里卜)、duv(杜卜)、Forget(福吉)、Know(諾)、Remember，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)當(dāng)前的影響或?qū)Ξ?dāng)前的影響。以當(dāng)前時(shí)間為參考點(diǎn)。eg . he has served in the army for 5 years . he served in the army from 1952 to 1954。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的副詞是already，yet，never，beford，In the last/past few days/years(過去幾天/年)，since then，up to now，altho

6、ugh He _ _ _ _ us much impression . a . hadnt left b . did nt leave c . doesnt leave d . hasnt left 2 . I in London for many But ive nenes，eg . she had been ill for a week before she came back . she has been ill for a weekAfter he left the room，a thief came in。we arrived home before it rained。1 .all

7、 morning as she waited for the medical report from to herner vousness . ahas grown bis growing c grew dhad grown 2 . my mind wasnt on what he was saying.eg . the Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years . the CCTV has been broadcasting English programmes ever since 1977。eg . because he

8、had not been doing his work well，he was fired。未來：表示預(yù)定的行為或狀態(tài)。1 .一般來說，當(dāng)前時(shí)間表的未來用法經(jīng)常用于談?wù)摲峙浣o時(shí)刻表、節(jié)目、時(shí)間表的工作，僅限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞The conconce，例如vigin、come、leave、go、arrive、start、stop、return、openthe train starts at 9 in the morning。2 .在if，unless，even if引導(dǎo)的條件副詞條款中，Until (till)，as soon as，the moment，once引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語子句中，如果主句子是未來的

9、話(經(jīng)常是will/shall/conce，3 .進(jìn)行中的未來范例：ive won a holiday for two days to Florida . I am taking my mum . what were you doing when Tony phoned you？I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower . ladies and gentlemen，Please fasten your seat belts . the plane _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _a . takes off b .

10、is taking off c . has taken off d . She is to get married next month .注：was/were to do sth。意思是“注定要發(fā)生”。Was/were to have done表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)劃。We were to have told you，but you were not in。4 .be to do sth。表示“說明”，對(duì)應(yīng)于should、ought to、must和have to。示例：You are to report to the police。必須報(bào)警。the books in this room are n

11、ot to be taken outside(the books in this room mustnt be taken outside)牙齒室內(nèi)的書從室外拿出時(shí)渡邊杏。意思是“想法，計(jì)劃”。與intend、want相同。例如：if we are to be there before ten，well have to go now。4 .be to do sth。用第一人稱疑問句征求對(duì)方的意見。例如：What are we to do next？在與Be一起使用的結(jié)構(gòu)中，see，find，congratulate的否定式被動(dòng)形式有特殊的用法。the news is to be found i

12、n the evening paper . he is nowhere to be seen . you are to be congratulated .祝賀你。5 .will/shall will的特殊用途：可用于表示未事先考慮的事情，即在說話時(shí)臨時(shí)考慮的事情。Eg-youve left the light on。-oh，so I have.i will go and turn it off。6 .be going to do sth .意圖表達(dá)，但be going to不能用于條件副詞子句的咒語章節(jié)。注：was/were going to do sth。表示過去的未來或過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或想法。愛麗絲，why didnt you come yesterday？-I was going to，but I had an unexpected visitor，7。be about to do sth . when=be on the point of doing sth . when eg . he was about