1、研讀材料，完成下列內(nèi)容： 一、重點單詞熟記 1_/jusId/n.使用，用法；詞語慣用法 2_/kmnd/n. & vt.命令，指揮，掌握 3_/rIkwest/n.& vt.請求，要求,Section Learning about Language,usage,command,request,二、重點短語探究 1代替，而不是_ 2和不同_ 3往下看_ 4關(guān)上_ 5hold on_ 6make sense_,instead of,be different from,look down,turn off,等一下，別掛斷,講得通，有意義,三、教材佳句背誦 1It is not easy for a

2、 Chinese person to speak English _ fluently _ a native English speaker. 對于一個中國人，把英語說得像英國本國的人一樣流利不容易。 2_ we know，British English is a little different from American English. 眾所周知，英式英語與美式英語不同。,as,as,As,1command (1)n. 命令，控制，掌握，指揮權(quán) He gives his commands in a loud voice.他大聲發(fā)出命令。 Jimmy has a hundred men u

3、nder his command. 吉米指揮一百個人。 Youd better read and write more to have a good command of English.要掌握好英語就要多讀多寫。,【歸納拓展】 under the command of under ones command由指揮/控制 be in command of控制 be at ones command聽任某人支配 take command of控制 have a (good) command of.了解/掌握,(2)vt.命令，指揮，支配 The general commanded his soldi

4、ers to fire. 將軍命令他的士兵們開火。 The pirate chief commanded that the prisoners (should) be shot.海盜首領(lǐng)下令將俘虜槍殺。 注意：command后可接that從句，從句中的謂語動詞用should動詞原形，should可省略。,【即境活用】 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 For the first time in years, I felt _command of her life. The army is _the generals command. The police arrived and took command _t

5、he situation. The money is _his command, which he can spend on anything he likes.,in,under,of,at,2request n&vt.請求；要求 【搭配】 (1)at sbs requestat the request of sb應(yīng)某人之請求 by request(of sb)應(yīng)(某人的)請求；經(jīng)(某人的)要求 make a request for sth要求得到 make a request that從句做出請求 (2)request sth from/of sb向某人要求某物 request sb to

6、 do sth要求某人做某事 requestthat從句從句中謂語用(should)do,He came to attend the party by request. 他應(yīng)邀來參加宴會。 The little boy requested a toy from/of his mother. 小男孩向媽媽要玩具。 request sb not to do sth通常用被動語態(tài)，即：be requested not to do sth Theyve made an urgent request for an international aid/that the international aid

7、should be offered. 他們緊急請求國際援助。 You are requested not to smoke in the public places. 公共場所不準吸煙。,點津：request后面跟賓語從句、同位語從句時，從句謂語用shoulddo，should可省，即為虛擬語氣。,【即境活用】 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 I attended their wedding by request. I attended their wedding _. The workers made a request for a pay raise. The workers made a request th

8、at _. The workers requested that _.,at their request,their pay should be raised,their pay should be raised,3As we know, British English is a little different from American English.眾所周知，英式英語與美式英語有所不同。 【句式分析】 該句中as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，且在從句中充當(dāng)know的賓語，as指代整個主句的內(nèi)容。 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，其先行詞往往是整個主句，常譯為“正像一樣，正如一樣?！?常見的表達方式有

9、：as is well known眾所周知；as often happens這種情況經(jīng)常發(fā)生；as is often the case情況常常這樣；as is supposed如所預(yù)料的；as has been pointed out如所指出的；as has been said before如前所述；as we all know眾所周知；as I can remember 正如我所記得的；as we expect 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣。,As we have pointed out, few people are total winners or losers. 正如我們已指出的，很少有人是完

10、全的勝者或完全的敗者。(as作pointed out的賓語，指代后面整個句子的內(nèi)容) As is known to all, China is a developing country. 眾所周知，中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。(as作is known to all的主語，指代后面整個句子),【即境活用】 _I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. AWhen BAfter CAs DSince,C,語法導(dǎo)圖,知能精解 一、祈使句變間接引語 直接引語是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要變?yōu)閍sk

11、/tell/order sb(not) to do sth的句式。人稱、時間狀語、地點狀語按要求作相應(yīng)變化。 “Please dont disturb me，” he said to the boy. He asked the boy not to disturb him. “Stay here until tomorrow，” said my grandma. My grandma told me to stay there until the following day. 學(xué)法點撥：去掉引號要加to；ask，order須記??；替換said要考慮；去掉please莫遲疑；直引若是否定式，no

12、t加在to前來顯示。,誤區(qū)警示：有些表建議、要求或勸告的祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，可以用suggest，insist，offer等動詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述，此時要注意這些詞的固定搭配。 He said，“Lets go to the museum.” He suggested that we(should)go to the museum. The doctor said to him，“Dont drink too much.” The doctor suggested that he should not drink too much.,當(dāng)祈使句作直接引語表示請求時，變間接引語常采用request/beg

13、/ask sb to do sth的形式。若原句中沒有稱呼語，通常可加上me，him，us等。 The teacher said，“Will you please not smoke here？” The teacher requested us not to smoke there. “Could you help me with my homework？” she said. She asked me to help her with her homework. One of the doctors said，“Let me go on with the operation，Dr. Bet

14、hune.” One of the doctors begged Dr. Bethune to let him go on with the operation.,考法提示：對祈使句變間接引語的考查，實際上是考查動詞不定式作賓語補足語的用法。其中動詞不定式的否定形式、主動形式、被動形式也是考查的切入點。,二、直接引語變間接引語時時態(tài)不變的7種情況 1當(dāng)直接引語闡述的是一成不變的科學(xué)真理、客觀事實、格言時，變?yōu)殚g接引語時其時態(tài)不變。 Our geography teacher said to us，“The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”

15、 Our geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,2當(dāng)直接引語中闡述的是過去的客觀事實，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。 Our history teacher taught us，“The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.” Our history teacher taught us that the Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949. 3直接引語是過去進行時。 J

16、ack said，“John，what were you doing when I phoned you？” Jack asked John what he was doing when he phoned him.,4直接引語中有明確的過去時間狀語。 Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20,1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980. 5當(dāng)直接引語中主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，其時態(tài)不變。 He says，“I have accepted her suggestion.” He

17、says that he has accepted her suggestion. Fred will say，“I havent finished the work yet.” Fred will say that he hasnt finished the work yet.,6如果直接引語是虛擬語氣，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。 “I insist that you give up smoking，” said the doctor. The doctor insisted that I give up smoking. 7有些情態(tài)動詞沒有過去式，當(dāng)直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，可以用原來的情態(tài)

18、動詞，也可以用其他形式表達。 “You mustnt cross the road against the red light，” said the policeman. The policeman said that I mustnt cross the road against the red light. “Must I go to bed at eight？” Jim asked his mother. Jim asked his mother if he had to go to bed at eight.,學(xué)法點撥：直接引語變間接引語時，人稱、動詞時態(tài)、時間、地點等方面需要作相應(yīng)的

19、變動，但是其中不能變化的情況要特別記憶，這些是判斷賓語從句中謂語動詞時態(tài)時必須要考慮的問題。,【典例剖析】 She asked me _ knock off the glass of water. Aplease be careful not to Bto be careful not to Cto be careful to not Dnot to be careful to 解析祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要在祈使句的動詞原形前加上動詞不定式符號to，否定形式在to前加not，如果句中有please，應(yīng)去掉。本句中否定的是to knock off，而非to be careful，故不選D項。 答

20、案B,The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _. Anot to Bnot to do Cnot do it Ddo not to 解析考查動詞不定式作賓補的用法，但也可把后一分句看作祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語，假如用直接引語可寫成“. but his mother said to him，Dont ride your bicycle in the street.”，改成間接引語應(yīng)為“. but his mother told him not to ride his bicycle in th

21、e street.”，因前一句中有to ride.，因此可省略，故選A項。 答案A,The manager told her _ to post the letters by 3：00 in the afternoon. Ado remember Bbe sure to remember Cto remember Dremembering 解析tell sb to do sth“告訴某人做某事”，用帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。此處為間接引語，改為直接引語為：The manager said to her，“Please remember to post the letters by 3：0

22、0 in the afternoon.” 答案C,My English teacher advised I _ keep my mouth shut to improve my spoken English. Ato Bnot to Cnot Dmustnt 解析advise后跟從句時，從句用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。主語I限制advised后只能接賓語從句。若用動詞不定式表達，應(yīng)用賓格me。 答案C,知能精練 .將下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語 1Mother said to the boy，“Hurry up！” _ 2The teacher said，

23、“Dont be late again，Mary.” _ 3“Dont get out of the way，” said Mr Wu. _,Mother told the boy to hurry up.,The teacher told Mary not to be late again.,Mr Wu told us not to get out of the way.,4“Please open the door，” he said to her. _ 5The teacher said，“Stand up and dont be afraid to say what you think

24、.” _ 6She said，“What a lovely day it is！” _ 7She asked，“Will you please pass me the book？” _,He asked her to open the door.,The teacher told us to stand up and not to be afraid to say,what we thought.,She said what a lovely day it was.,She asked me to pass her the book.,8“Youd better start tomorrow，

25、” Tom said to Alice. _ 9He said，“Happy birthday！” _ 10“Let me stay up a little longer tonight，Mother，” he said. _,Tom advised Alice to start the next day.,He wished me a happy birthday.,He begged his mother to let him stay up a little longer,that night.,.單項填空 1“Dont tell the news to him，” she said.S

26、he advised me _. Anot tell the news to him Bto not tell the news to him Cnot to tell the news to him Dnot telling the news to him 解析否定祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語時要用not to do sth作賓語補足語。 答案C,2The little boy asked his father if he _ stay at home to spend that weekend. Amust Bhad to Chave to Dcould 解析在間接引語中可用have to表示“必須

27、”，此處用過去時。 答案B,3Mother insisted that I _ home for the Spring Festival. Awould go Bmight go Cshould go Dshall go 解析insist作“堅決主張”講時，其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語動詞用“(should)動詞原形”。 答案C,4The assistant tells me that she _ the request instead of me while I was away. Areplied to Bhas replied to Chad replied Dreplied 解

28、析由句子后半部分while I was away可知，前面要用一般過去時態(tài)；而reply為不及物動詞，reply to sb/sth表示“答復(fù)某人/某事”。 答案A,5The teacher told us that the Second World War _ in 1939. Ahad broken out Bbroke out Cwas broken out Dhas broken out 解析若間接引語中有具體的表示過去的時間狀語，用一般過去時。 答案B,6That scientist said to those little children that the earth _ aro

29、und the sun. Atravels Btravelled Chas travelled Dhad travelled 解析當(dāng)間接引語表示的是客觀真理時，它所在的賓語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，不受主句謂語動詞的影響。 答案A,7He said to us that he _ the teachers instructions. Amust follow Bfollowed Cfollow Dmust have followed 解析must沒有過去式，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，用原來的形式；must作“必須”講時，不用于must have done中。 答案A,8The boss _ all the e

30、mployees to work with great care. Aasked Bsaid Cagreed Dspoke 解析四個選項中只有ask可用于“vt.sbto do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。 答案A,9The general ordered all the soldiers _ alert(警惕的) Astayed Bto stay Cstays Dshould stayed 解析order sb to do sth命令某人做某事。 答案B,10The boss ordered the work _ in three days. Afinish Bto finish Cto be finished Dfinished 解析order sth to be done要求某事被做。此題中finish與work之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以用to be finished；也可以使用(should)be