1、增詞譯法,The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area. 政府正在竭盡全力來(lái)緩和那個(gè)地區(qū)的緊張局勢(shì)。 The meeting in San Francisco is of great importance. 在舊金山舉行的會(huì)議意義重大。 先把紙疊起來(lái)，然后再打開(kāi)。 Firstly fold the paper and then unfold it.,Adding 增詞譯法,英漢兩種語(yǔ)言由于表達(dá)方式不盡相同，翻譯時(shí)，常常有必要在原文的基礎(chǔ)上添加必要的單詞、詞組、分句或完整句，從而使譯文既能忠實(shí)地表達(dá)原文的意思，

2、又能在語(yǔ)法上和語(yǔ)言形式上符合譯入語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。 增詞法在英譯漢中主要是添加原文中雖無(wú)，形式意義卻在其中的成分。 增詞譯法一般用于以下兩種情況：一是為了意義上的需要；二是為了語(yǔ)法上的需要。,增詞譯法-意義上的需要,1. 增加動(dòng)詞 After the football match, banquets and the concerts, hes got an important meeting. 觀看完足球比賽，參加完宴會(huì)，出席過(guò)音樂(lè)會(huì)之后，他要參加一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。 Im really busy this morning: 2 classes, a meeting, and an interview

3、. 我今天上午的確很忙，要上兩節(jié)課，開(kāi)一個(gè)會(huì)，還要接受一個(gè)采訪。,He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. 他沒(méi)有致閉幕詞就宣布結(jié)束會(huì)議。 The success of the experiment declared a new era of medicine. 實(shí)驗(yàn)所取得的成功宣告了一個(gè)嶄新的醫(yī)學(xué)時(shí)代的到來(lái)。,2. 增加名詞,1）英語(yǔ)中有一些由動(dòng)詞或形容詞派生出來(lái)的抽象名詞，翻譯時(shí)常在其后面增加適當(dāng)?shù)拿~（范疇詞）。 darkness 漆黑一片 madness 瘋狂行為 backwardness 落后狀態(tài) translation 翻

4、譯作品 family 家庭成員 After all preparations were made, the sports meeting began. 一切準(zhǔn)備工作就緒后，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)開(kāi)始了。 The resort to arms is not the best solution to the disputes between countries. 訴諸武力并不是解決國(guó)與國(guó)之間爭(zhēng)端的最好的解決方法。,His arrogance sent him into isolation and helplessness. 他的傲慢態(tài)度使他孤立無(wú)援。 Her jealousy is the cause of he

5、r failure. 她的嫉妒心理是她失敗的根源。 Your sadness will do no good to your health. 你的悲傷情緒對(duì)你的健康不利。,2）英語(yǔ)中的不及物動(dòng)詞，翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)在動(dòng)詞后添加名詞 Be sure to wash before meal. 飯前一定要洗手。 Doesnt she wash after getting up? 起床后她難道不洗漱（洗臉?biāo)⒀溃﹩幔?Day after day she does the same: washing, sweeping, and cooking. 她日復(fù)一日地做著同樣的家務(wù)：洗衣服，拖地板，做飯。 3）形容

6、詞前添加名詞 The radio is indeed cheap and fine. 這臺(tái)收音機(jī)真是物美價(jià)廉。 She is a complicated girl moody, sensitive and skeptical. 她是個(gè)性格復(fù)雜的人：喜怒無(wú)常，多愁善感，疑神疑鬼。,3.增加形容詞和副詞,With what enthusiasm the Beijingers are studying foreign languages! 北京的人們正以多么高的熱情學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)啊！ What a day/life! 多么熱/冷/難熬/幸福/悲慘 的一天/生活??！ How the little girl

7、looked after her old mother! 那個(gè)小女孩照顧她的年邁的母親是多么地細(xì)心周到?。?The crowd melted away. 人群漸漸地散去了。,練習(xí),A new kind of aircraftsmall, cheap, pilot-lessis attracting increasing attention. The world neednt be afraid of a possible shortage of coal, oil, natural gas or other resources for fuel for the future. In every

8、 Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants. I forgot my key. These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient.,A new kind of aircraftsmall, cheap, pilot-lessis attracting increasing attention. 一種新型的飛機(jī)正越來(lái)越引起人們的注意這種飛機(jī)體積小、造價(jià)低、無(wú)人駕駛。 The world neednt be afraid of a

9、possible shortage of coal, oil, natural gas or other resources for fuel for the future. 世界無(wú)需擔(dān)心將來(lái)可能出現(xiàn)的煤、石油、天然氣或者其他燃料來(lái)源短缺問(wèn)題。,In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants. 在中國(guó)，我們每到一個(gè)城市就遛大街、逛商店、游公園、看演出、吃名菜。 I forgot my key. 我忘了帶鑰匙。 These early cars were slow, cl

10、umsy, and inefficient. 這些早期的汽車(chē)速度緩慢，行動(dòng)笨拙，效率不高。（譯文中在形容詞前分別加上了三個(gè)名詞，既使譯文意思明確，又使它形成四字詞組，勻稱(chēng)整齊。）,增詞譯法-語(yǔ)法上的需要,1 增加表示復(fù)數(shù)的詞語(yǔ) 漢語(yǔ)中名詞的復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)有詞型變化，很多情況下不必表達(dá)出來(lái)，但要表達(dá) 指多數(shù)人的名詞時(shí)，可用“們”，如“老師們，同學(xué)們”，或在名詞前加“各位諸位”；表達(dá)事物的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)可用“若干”等。此外，英語(yǔ)名詞復(fù)數(shù)漢譯時(shí)還可根據(jù)情況，增加重疊詞、數(shù)詞或其他一些詞來(lái)表達(dá)，以提高修辭效果。 Flowers bloom in the fields. 朵朵鮮花開(kāi)滿(mǎn)原野。 Every summer,

11、tourists go to the coastal cities. 一到夏季，旅游者紛紛涌到海濱城市。 The mountains were covered with snow. 群山白雪皚皚。,2. 增加量詞 英語(yǔ)中的名詞，特別是可數(shù)名詞，一般直接與數(shù)詞或冠詞連用；而漢語(yǔ)幾乎總是要用量詞。 I bought a new bike yesterday. 我昨天買(mǎi)了一輛新自行車(chē)。 A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. 一輪紅日在平靜的海面上冉冉升起。 I had a look at the photo and recognized her at on

12、ce. 我看了一眼照片，馬上就認(rèn)出了她。,3. 增加表示時(shí)態(tài)的詞語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是靠動(dòng)詞詞型變化和加助動(dòng)詞來(lái)表達(dá)的。漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)變化，表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)除用具體表示時(shí)間的詞或詞組，如昨天、此時(shí)此刻、下周、年前等，還要借助于時(shí)態(tài)助詞“曾、已經(jīng)、過(guò)、了正在、著、將、就、要、會(huì)、便”被用來(lái)表示過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 I had heard about him before I met him. 我在見(jiàn)到他之前就聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他了。 I was and remain grateful for the part he played in my release. 我獲釋多虧他幫忙，對(duì)此我過(guò)去很感激，現(xiàn)

13、在仍然很感激。 He used to be as poor as we are. 他過(guò)去也跟我們現(xiàn)在一樣窮。,4.增補(bǔ)表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ) 有時(shí)候英語(yǔ)原文中并沒(méi)有表達(dá)邏輯關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)，但根據(jù)上下文可以判斷出其隱含的邏輯關(guān)系，如轉(zhuǎn)折、假設(shè)、讓步、因果關(guān)系等，在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，要適當(dāng)?shù)卦诰渲谢蚓渥又g補(bǔ)充關(guān)聯(lián)詞和承上啟下的詞。 At the time of Kennedys assassination, people thought that a second term would have led either to greatness or to disaster. 肯尼迪遇刺時(shí)，人們認(rèn)為，假如

14、他再任一屆總統(tǒng)的話(huà)，大概不是功高蓋世，就是禍國(guó)殃民。 The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature. 即使是最強(qiáng)有力的人也不能改變自然法則。,5.增加概括詞 有時(shí)英語(yǔ)句子中并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)概括詞，而翻譯的時(shí)候卻往往可以加入“兩人”、“雙方”、“等”、“等等”、“凡此種種”等概括詞。 Then a little over a decade ago, Professors Hoyle, Bondi, and Gold, working at Cambridge, proposed an entirely different theory. 然而十多年前

15、，劍橋大學(xué)的霍伊爾、邦迪和哥爾德三位教授卻提出了完全不同的理論。 China is willing to exchange views with any countries, politically, culturally and economically. 中國(guó)愿意同任何國(guó)家在政治、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)等各個(gè)方面進(jìn)行交流。,6. 增補(bǔ)語(yǔ)法省略成分 Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物質(zhì)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為能量，能量也可以轉(zhuǎn)化為物質(zhì)。 She ate little. Food sickened her, and I think m

16、uch of life too. 她吃得很少；她厭惡食物，我覺(jué)得她也厭惡生活。 The best conductor has the least resistance， and the poorest the greatest 最好的導(dǎo)體電阻最小，最差的導(dǎo)體電阻最大。,練習(xí),Avoid using the computer in extreme cold, heat, dust or humidity. The advantage of the meeting room are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echoes. I treate

17、d you as my brother, but not now. The lion is the king of animals. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.,Avoid using the computer in extreme cold, heat, dust or humidity. 不要在過(guò)冷、過(guò)熱、灰塵過(guò)重、濕度過(guò)大的情況下使用此電腦。 The advantage of the meeting room are bright, spacious, fashionable and without e

18、choes. 這個(gè)會(huì)議室有四大優(yōu)點(diǎn)：明亮、寬敞、時(shí)髦、無(wú)回聲。 I treated you as my brother, but not now. 我曾經(jīng)把你當(dāng)成兄弟，但現(xiàn)在不了。 The lion is the king of animals. 獅子是百獸之王。,Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 從別人的失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)比從自己的失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)更好。,2) 這位醫(yī)生致力于尋求癌癥的治療方法。,4. 詞義增補(bǔ)漢譯英的增詞,漢語(yǔ)里無(wú)主語(yǔ)或沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)的句子很多，英語(yǔ)則不同。在漢譯英時(shí)，常需將隱含的主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)上，以符合英語(yǔ)

19、語(yǔ)法習(xí)慣。增詞法在漢譯英主要是添加原文中為了語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔而被省去的成分，例如：,1）非常盼望收到你的回信。,漢語(yǔ)中物主代詞使用不如英語(yǔ)多，翻譯時(shí)需增添相關(guān)代詞。例如：,Im looking forward to your reply.,The doctor devoted herself to finding a cure for cancer.,4. 詞義增補(bǔ)漢譯英的增詞,3) 當(dāng)然，在第一次演講前他并不知道會(huì)有怎樣的結(jié)果。,Of course, he did not know what the outcome would be before his first speech.,4) 他致富后就

20、忘了老朋友了。,He forgot his old friends when he became rich.,5) 她冒著生命危險(xiǎn)去搶救那個(gè)溺水兒童。,She risked her life trying to save the drowning child.,4. 詞義增補(bǔ)漢譯英的增詞,6）只是晚上躺在床上的時(shí)候，她才感到神志清醒。,It is only during the night when she lies in bed that she feels she has a clear mind. (增加強(qiáng)調(diào)句式),7）早知道他有病，我就不叫他來(lái)了。,If I had known he

21、was ill, I would not have asked him to come. (增加連接詞),8）1976年7月28日，唐山發(fā)生了大地震。,On July 28, 1976, a big earthquake took place in Tangshan. (增加介詞),9）三個(gè)臭皮匠，勝過(guò)諸葛亮。,The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses that of Zhuge Liang the master mind. (增加詞語(yǔ)提供背景知識(shí)),25,詞是句子甚至整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇的基本構(gòu)建單位，如何選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~義，是翻譯過(guò)程中首先要碰到的問(wèn)題。 英

22、語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的詞匯都非常豐富，英語(yǔ)的一詞多義，漢語(yǔ)的一字多義的現(xiàn)象十分普遍。 通過(guò)詞語(yǔ)的搭配選擇 根據(jù)上下文選擇詞義 根據(jù)詞性確定詞義 根據(jù)詞匯的褒貶確定詞義,1詞義的選擇,1. 詞義的選擇,26,1. 通過(guò)詞語(yǔ)的搭配選擇 詞的搭配關(guān)系主要是指詞與詞之間的橫向組合關(guān)系，英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)在長(zhǎng)期的使用過(guò)程中，都形成了各自的組合規(guī)律或搭配習(xí)慣。因此，在翻譯中，可以通過(guò)詞之間的固定關(guān)系選擇詞及確定詞義。以“run”為例：,1. 詞義的選擇 通過(guò)詞語(yǔ)搭配選擇詞義,27,1. For a while, she ran a restaurant in Boston. 2. Run the tape back to t

23、he beginning 3. The company is running a series of advertisements in the national newspapers. 4. The play ran for two years. 5. Water was running off the roof. 6. The idea runs in his mind.,28,把磁帶倒到頭。,她曾有一段時(shí)間在波士頓開(kāi)餐館。,2) Run the tape back to the beginning.,3) The company is running a series of advert

24、isements in the national newspapers.,公司在全國(guó)性的報(bào)紙上登了系列廣告。,1) For a while, she ran a restaurant in Boston.,1. 詞義的選擇 通過(guò)詞語(yǔ)搭配選擇詞義,29,水從屋頂上流淌下來(lái)。,本劇持續(xù)放映了兩年。,5) Water was running off the roof.,6) The idea runs in his mind.,這個(gè)念頭縈繞在他的腦海中。,4) The play ran for two years.,1. 詞義的選擇 通過(guò)詞語(yǔ)搭配選擇詞義,30,run across 偶然碰見(jiàn) run

25、 away 逃跑 run in 順便探望 run into 陷于；偶然碰見(jiàn) run into debt 負(fù)債 run out 被用完，將盡,31,run a race 參加賽跑 run for presidency 競(jìng)選總統(tǒng) run wild 發(fā)狂 run to the streets 流浪街頭 run a factory 辦工廠 run the water off 把水放掉 run sb into difficulties 使某然陷入困境 run a fever 發(fā)燒,32,上班 上報(bào) 上膘 上當(dāng) 上訪 上火 上進(jìn) 上路 上相 上凍,33,上班 to go to work; to be on

26、 duty 上報(bào) to appear in the newspaper 上膘 (of animals) to become fat 上當(dāng) to be taken in 上訪 appeal to the higher authorities for help 上火 to get angry， feel vexed/anxious 上進(jìn) to make progress 上路 to set out on a journey 上相 to be photogenic; to come out well in a photograph 上凍 to freeze,34,2. 根據(jù)上下文選擇詞義 英語(yǔ)中同一

27、個(gè)詞，同一詞類(lèi)，在不同場(chǎng)合往往有不同含義， 因此可根據(jù)上下文的聯(lián)系來(lái)判斷和確定某個(gè)詞在特定場(chǎng)合所具有的詞義，請(qǐng)看下例：,1. 詞義的選擇 根據(jù)上下文選擇詞義,35,He was badly wounded in the head. You should use your head a bit. He has a strong head for mathematics. Prick with the head of a needle. Lets discuss the question under five heads. The head of his bed was piled with bo

28、oks. Heads or tails? Go and ask the head of our department. Where is the head? He was standing at the head of the staircase.,36,He was badly wounded in the head. 他的頭部受重傷。 You should use your head a bit. 你應(yīng)該用一下自己的頭腦。 He has a strong head for mathematics. 他的數(shù)學(xué)能力很強(qiáng)。 Prick with the head of a needle. 用針尖

29、挑。 Lets discuss the question under five heads. 讓我們分5個(gè)題目來(lái)討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。,37,The head of his bed was piled with books. 他的床頭堆滿(mǎn)了書(shū)。 Heads or tails? 正面還是反面？ Go and ask the head of our department. 問(wèn)問(wèn)我們系的頭去。 Where is the head? 廁所在哪里？（船上用語(yǔ)） He was standing at the head of the staircase. 他站在樓梯的頂端。,38,這娃娃頭真大！ 她正在梳頭。 他的

30、女兒在山頭上玩。 一輛小車(chē)停在橋西頭。 讓我從頭講起吧。 他們是一頭兒的。 我們有30頭牛。 他頭天上午就來(lái)了。 這還是我頭一次來(lái)杭州呢。 他把鉛筆頭扔了。,39,這娃娃頭真大！ The baby has got a big head. 她正在梳頭。 She was combing her hair. 他的女兒在山頭上玩。 His daughter is playing on the top of the hill. 一輛小車(chē)停在橋西頭。 A car was parked at the west of the bridge. 讓我從頭講起吧。 Let me tell the story fro

31、m the very beginning. 他們是一頭兒的。 They are on the same side.,40,我們有30頭牛。 We have thirty head of cattle. 他頭天上午就來(lái)了。 He came here the previous morning. 這還是我頭一次來(lái)杭州呢。 This is the first time I have been in Hangzhou. 他把鉛筆頭扔了。 He has thrown away the pencil stub/ stump.,41,Please tell me if you can help us. 如果你

32、能幫助我，請(qǐng)告訴我。 = Please tell me in case you can help us. 請(qǐng)告訴我，你能否幫助我們。 = Please tell me whether you can help us. We have no spring here. spring 可以理解為“春天”、“彈簧”或“泉水”。 故句子可以翻譯成：我們這里沒(méi)有春天/彈簧/泉水。 Im sure Ill beat John this time. beat 可以理解為defeat 或hit。 故句子可以翻譯成：我這次肯定會(huì)（在比賽中）戰(zhàn)勝約翰。/我這次肯定要揍約翰一頓。,42,3. 根據(jù)詞性確定詞義 很多英

33、語(yǔ)單詞有多種詞性，當(dāng)詞性不同時(shí)，往往詞義也有所不同。因此，在翻譯過(guò)程中首先可分析確定詞性，然后再根據(jù)詞性選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~義。以“close”為例：,1. 詞義的選擇根據(jù)詞性確定詞義,43,1. The shops close at 5:30. 2. The church is close to the school. 3. They were sitting close together on the couch. 4. Finally the meeting was brought to a close by the new chairman,44,教堂離學(xué)校很近。,商店五點(diǎn)半關(guān)門(mén)。,2) Th

34、e church is close to the school. (形容詞),3) They were sitting close together on the couch. (副詞),他們緊挨著坐在長(zhǎng)沙發(fā)上。,1) The shops close at 5:30. (動(dòng)詞),最后，新上任的主席結(jié)束了會(huì)議。,4) Finally the meeting was brought to a close by the new chairman. (名詞),1. 詞義的選擇根據(jù)詞性確定詞義,45,4. 根據(jù)詞匯的褒貶確定詞義 詞匯按照感情色彩可以分為褒義、貶義和中性。在翻譯的過(guò)程中，譯者必須注意詞匯

35、的感情色彩，一般應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按照原文的精神來(lái)進(jìn)行。例如：,1. 詞義的選擇 根據(jù)詞匯的褒貶確定詞義,46,要做個(gè)好推銷(xiāo)員一定要有闖勁才能成功。,侵略成性的國(guó)家威脅世界和平。,2) A good salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succeed.,1) Aggressive nations threaten world peace.,aggressive,1. 詞義的選擇 根據(jù)詞匯的褒貶確定詞義,47,當(dāng)我沒(méi)主意時(shí)，他是個(gè)樂(lè)于助人、體貼的朋友。,他對(duì)自己個(gè)子矮小很敏感，可別提這件事。,2) When I need advice, he is a he

36、lpful and sensitive friend.,1) Hes very sensitive about being small, so dont mention it.,sensitive,1. 詞義的選擇 根據(jù)詞匯的褒貶確定詞義,48,1. A short girl in a flat black straw hat appeared in the open doorway. 1) 一位頭戴扁平的黑草帽的矮個(gè)兒姑娘，出現(xiàn)在門(mén)口。 2) 一位頭戴黑色扁平草帽的小個(gè)兒姑娘，出現(xiàn)在門(mén)口。 3) 一位姑娘出現(xiàn)在門(mén)口，只見(jiàn)她個(gè)頭不高，頭戴一頂淺淺的黑草帽。 4) 門(mén)口閃出一位個(gè)頭不高的女孩子，

37、頭上戴著一頂平平的黑草帽。 5) 門(mén)口出現(xiàn)一矮妞，頭戴扁平黑草帽。 2. to be on tenterhooks （心情煩亂、焦急、緊張） 坐立不安，如坐針氈，局促不安，心亂如麻，七上八下，六神無(wú)主，手足無(wú)措，提心吊膽，焦慮不安，,翻譯中的多樣性,第二章: 語(yǔ)義翻譯,49,3. 你的眼睛長(zhǎng)哪去了？ 1) Havent you got eyes? 2) Are you so blind? 3) Are you such a blind man? 4) Youre really stone-blind! 5) How blind you are! 6) As blind as a bat! 7)

38、 What a blind man! 8) A sightless guy! 9) Why are you so rash? 10) How can you be so reckless? 11) My goodness! Be careful! 12) Would you please be more careful?,第二章: 語(yǔ)義翻譯,50,4. 歡天喜地 be filled with joy, in high spirits, gladly, be delighted, with obvious pleasure, happy, in jubilation （歡騰，歡慶，歡慶活動(dòng)）,

39、delights, be highly elated (興高采烈的，得意洋洋的), to go into raptures （極度歡喜）, to be in high glee （歡喜，高興）, 大驚小怪 fuss, to make such a fuss about, make a fuss over something, be alarmists （大驚小怪者）, make a commotion （混亂，喧鬧）, panic, get so worked up, raise a false alarm,第二章: 語(yǔ)義翻譯,51,練習(xí),問(wèn)題：question, problem, issue

40、 臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題完全是中國(guó)內(nèi)政。 Taiwan _is entirely an internal affair of China. 問(wèn)題： 有爭(zhēng)議的議題或事情 大城市的交通問(wèn)題必須解決。 Traffic _in big cities must be solved. 問(wèn)題：難題,issue,problems,52,課后，他向我提了很多問(wèn)題。 He asked many _to me after class. 問(wèn)題：疑問(wèn) （a question calls for an answer） 你的計(jì)劃是個(gè)好主意，問(wèn)題是我們是否有足夠的時(shí)間來(lái)準(zhǔn)備。 Your plan is a good idea, but t

41、he _is weather we have enough time to prepare for it. 問(wèn)題： 關(guān)鍵，要點(diǎn),questions,point,53,意見(jiàn) 用戶(hù)對(duì)貴公司的產(chǎn)品意見(jiàn)很大。 The customers have a lot of complaints about your products. 我覺(jué)得這是個(gè)好主意，你的意見(jiàn)呢？ I think its a good idea. Whats your opinion? 他太自私了，大家對(duì)他有意見(jiàn)。 He is selfish, so we are angry with him/ we dislike him . 我一定聽(tīng)

42、從您的意見(jiàn)。 Ill follow your advice.,54,Translation Practice,Translate the following sentences.,Directions: Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English, you will find them useful in your writing.,1. 詞義的選擇 翻譯練習(xí),55,1. 首先，你得意識(shí)到（be aware that）在一個(gè)陌生的環(huán)境中感覺(jué)緊張是很正常的。 2. 我們的思維比大部分人的講話(huà)速度要快好幾倍。(race v

43、.) 3. 為了使別人注意你，你必須學(xué)會(huì)如何做一個(gè)良好的、體諒的 （sympathetic）聽(tīng)眾。 4. 其中必不可少的一點(diǎn)是你得盡量擴(kuò)大視野。 (broaden ones horizons) 5. 幽默感會(huì)有所幫助，有時(shí)講個(gè)和自己有關(guān)的小笑話(huà)也會(huì)使談話(huà)輕松 (lighten) 起來(lái)。 6. 只有當(dāng)你愿意交談并認(rèn)真地聽(tīng)的時(shí)候，你才能成功地與周?chē)娜私慌笥选?only when ),56,1. 首先，你得意識(shí)到（be aware that）在一個(gè)陌生的環(huán)境中感覺(jué)緊張是很正常的。,Our thoughts race along several times faster than most peop

44、le speak.,First, you should be aware that feeling nervous in a new environment is quite normal.,2. 我們的思維比大部分人的講話(huà)速度要快好幾倍。(race v.),3. 為了使別人注意你，你必須學(xué)會(huì)如何做一個(gè)良好的、體諒的 （sympathetic）聽(tīng)眾。,In order to get others to pay attention to you, you must first learn how to be a good and sympathetic listener.,1. 詞義的選擇 翻譯練習(xí),57,4. 其中必不可少的一點(diǎn)是你得盡量擴(kuò)大視野。 (broaden ones horizons),A sense of humor is helpful and you can lighten a conversation by sometimes telling a joke about yourself.,One of the essential points is that you should try to broaden your horizons.,5. 幽默感會(huì)有所幫助，有時(shí)講個(gè)和自己有關(guān)的小笑話(huà)也會(huì)使談話(huà)輕松 (lighten) 起來(lái)。,6. 只有當(dāng)你愿意交談并認(rèn)