1、Eating Disorders,Eating Disorders,eating disorders are characterized by an abnormal fear of fatness and a distorted body image. two main types of eating disorders - anorexia nervosa - bulimia nervosa,prevalence,both disorders are about ten times more common in women than men. in the USA, studies sug

2、gest 4.5% of female college students have a history of eating problems. in the Uk, one study found 1.9% of women attending a family planning clinic had a formal bulimic disorder. the lifetime prevalence of anorexia nervosa is 0.5-3.7%; the lifetime prevalence of bulimia nervosa is 1.1-4.2%.,Anorexia

3、 nervosa,anorexia nervosa can be of two types: restricting type: weight controlled by restriction of food intake and exercise binge-eating type: characterized by episodes of self-induced vomiting,binge eating or purging,Anorexia nervosa,The main features of anorexia nervosa: body mass index less tha

4、n 17.5 body weight less than 85% of that expected for height morbid fear of fatness and weight gain absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles in postmenarchal woman overconcern with body weight or shape and a distorted body image,Anorexia nervosa,the cognitive changes of anorexia nervos

5、a increasingly distorted body image poor concentration poor memory,Anorexia nervosa,abnormal eating behaviours of anorexia nervosa extremely slow eating playing with food, without eating it eating alone pretending to eat but disposing of food later hoarding food interest in preparing food for others

6、 leaving the table during meals or immediately after to vomit,Anorexia nervosa,physiological changes by hunger decreased body temperature decreased heart rate decreased metabolic rate decreased bone density poor peripheral circulation resulting in chilblains oedema coarse and dry skin, hair loss gas

7、trointestinal discomfort,Anorexia nervosa,emotional changes of anorexia nervosa depression low self esteem irritability passive, withdrawn manner, punctuated by outbursts of anger,Anorexia nervosa,prognosis about 50% of patients with anorexia nervosa have a good long-term outcome 25% have an interme

8、diate outcome 25% remain chronically underweight and socially disabled,Anorexia nervosa,poor prognosis is indicated by : an older age at onset a previous history of mental health and personality difficulties a long duration of illness lack of social support or disturbed family relationships severe l

9、ow weight an inability to engage in treatment or show motivation to change,Anorexia nervosa,management community(majority of patients) inpatient treatment(severely underweight) the goals are to restore weight, normalize eating patterns, achieve normal perceptions of hunger and satiety, and correct biological and p