1、復合句的講解：1 概念： 復合句（Complex Sentence）分為并列復合句和從屬復合句，并列復合句是有并列連詞：and、or、but連接；從屬復合句由一個主句（Principal Clause)和一個或一個以上的從句(Subordinate Clause)構成。用疑問詞作引導詞，主句是全句的主體，通常可以獨立存在；從句則是一個句子成分，不能獨立存在。從句不能單獨成句，但它也有主語部分和謂語部分，就像一個句子一樣。所不同在于，從句須由一個關聯(lián)詞（connective）引導。二，分類：從屬復合句可分為：1).定語從句（The Attributive Clause）；2).狀語從句（The

2、Adverbial Clause）；3).名詞性從句（The Noun Clause）；2定語從句的定義 ：定語從句在句中作定語，用來修飾一個名詞、名詞詞組或者代詞。2.2 先行詞和引導詞 被修飾的名詞、名詞詞組或代詞叫做先行詞； 在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫做引導詞。 引導詞分為“關系代詞”和“關系副詞”。2.3 關系代詞和關系副詞 關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。關系副詞有：when, where, why。 注意：關系副詞里面沒有how。如果要修飾方式，用that或in which引導，或者不用引導詞。I dont like th

3、e way (that, in which) he eyed me. 我不喜歡他看我的那個樣子。關系代詞：who 關系代詞who在從句中主要作主語，在非正式語體里who還可以作從句中的賓語。He is the man who wants to see you.2.5 關系代詞：whom He is the man （whom）I saw in the park yesterday. （whom在從句中作賓語）2.6 關系代詞：whose whose 用來指人或物，（只能用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。Please pass me the book whose cover

4、is green. （of which the cover/the cover of which）2.7 關系代詞：which（1） which指物，在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時在非正式語體中可以省略。They needed a plant which didnt need as much water as rice.The farm (which)we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.2.8 關系代詞：which（2） 當在which和that面前進行選擇的情況下，一般情況下要選which： 1.在非限制性定語從句

5、中通常用which作引導詞，而不能用that做非限制性定語從句的引導詞。 2. 修飾整個主句。 I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.3. 修飾謂語部分。He can swim in the river, which I cannot.4. 介詞 + which They are all questions to which there are no answers.2.9 關系代詞：that（1） that多用來指物，有時也可以用來指人；在從句中作主語或賓語。指物的時候多用that，也可用which。Its a questi

6、on that(which)needs careful consideration. （指物，作主語。）Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree? （指人，作主語。）The girl (that)we saw yesterday is Toms sister. （指人，作賓語，可省略。）2.10 關系代詞：that（2） 在以下的情況中，只能用that作引導詞，而不能用which作引導詞。1. 先行詞為all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代詞時。 All(that)s

7、he lacked was training.2. 先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時This is the best film that I have ever seen.3. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞和the last修飾時4. 先行詞中既有人又有物時They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited。 5. 主句是含有who或which的特殊疑問句，為了避免重復時3 狀語從句 3.1 地點狀語從句 地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導。 如：Wherever I am I will be thinkin

8、g of you.3.2 方式狀語從句 方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引導。 如Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。（正如，就像，） He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不轉睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。 He cleared his throat as if to

9、 say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。 （ as if, as though仿佛似的，好像似的，）3.3原因狀語從句 比較：because, since, as和for1） because語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。I didnt go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2） 由because引導的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號，則可以用for來代替。

10、但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.3.4 目的狀語從句 表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, in case等詞引導，例如：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.Better take more clothes in case the weather is c

11、old.3.5 結果狀語從句 結果狀語從句常由so that 或 suchthat引導，掌握這兩個句型，首先要了解so 和 such與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律。比較：so和 such其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。So foolish, such a fool So nice a flower, such a nice flowerSo many / few flowers, such nice flowers So muc

12、h / little money, such rapid progressSo many people, such a lot of people（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。）sothat與suchthat之間的轉換既為 so與such之間的轉換。The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school3.6 條件狀語從句 連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/

13、so long as, on condition that 等。.if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。unless = if not.Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tired, lets go out for a walk.3.7 讓步狀語從句 though, although注意：當有though, although時，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用 Although its raining, they are st

14、ill working in the field.3) ever if, even though. 即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.4) whetheror- 不管都Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5) no matter +疑問詞 或疑問詞+后綴everNo matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替換：no matter what = whatever no

15、matter which = whichever no matter how = however8 時間狀語從句：比較while, when, as 1）as, when 引導短暫性動作的動詞。Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2）當從句的動作發(fā)生于主句動作之前，只能用when 引導這個從句，不可用as 或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3）從句表示隨時間推移連詞能用as，不用when 或while。As th

16、e day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞。4.名詞性從句 (主語，表語，同位語，賓語）4.1 賓語從句（The Object Clause） 賓語從句 ：在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同。賓語從句可以作及物動詞的賓語，作短語動詞的賓語，介詞的賓語。 賓語從句：及物動詞的賓語 Every body knows that money doesnt grow on trees. 賓語從句：短語動詞的賓語 Please go and find out when the train will ar

17、rive. 賓語從句：介詞的賓語 I am interested in what she is doing. 賓語從句：否定的轉移I dont suppose youre used to this diet. 我想你不習慣這種飲食。 I dont believe shell arrive before 8. 我相信她8點之前不會到。4.2 表語從句（The Predicative Clause） 表語從句 ：在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句。表語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同。What the police want to know is when you entered the ro

18、om.This is what we should do. Thats why I want you to work there.as if, as though, because也可用來引導表語從句。She seems as if she had done a great thing. It is because you eat too much. 虛擬語氣：表語從句主語是idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等名詞時,作表語從句的動詞為原形動詞或should+原形動詞。My suggestion is that we (should)go a

19、nd help him.Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.4.3 同位語從句（The Appositive Clause） 同位從句一般跟在某些名詞如answer(答案)，hope(希望)，fact(事實)，belief (信仰)，news(消息)，idea(主意；觀念)，promise(承諾)，information(信息)，conclusion(結論)，order(命令)， suggestion(建議)，problem(問題)，thought (想法)等后面。例如：I had no idea that you were her