1、復合句,要點歸納,復合句是由一個主句加一個或幾個從句構成的句子. 從句只用作句子的一個成分,不能獨立存在. 根據(jù)從句在句子中的作用,可分為名詞性從句, 定語從句和狀語從句三大類.,名詞性從句,在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）,名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。,1.主語從句,主語從句在復合句中作主句的主語. Who will go is not important. 引導主語從句的詞有連詞that, whether;

2、 在從句中不擔任成分 連接代詞who, what, which; 復合代詞whoever, whatever, whichever在從句中擔任主、賓語 連接副詞when, where, why, how；復合副詞whenever, wherever, however在從句中擔任狀語,注意點：,1.用it作形式主語，主語從句放在句末。 e.g. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not. (1)常見句式： It is 名詞 從句 It is a fact/ an honor that 事實是/ 非常榮幸 It is common

3、knowledge that 是常識 It is 形容詞 從句 It is natural / strange that 很自然/奇怪的是 It 不及物動詞 從句 It seems/ appears that似乎It happened that 碰巧 It matters /doesnt matter that 有/無關 It 過去分詞 從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報道 It is said that據(jù)說 It has been proved that已證實,(2). 在疑問句和感嘆句中，必須用作形式主語，而把真正的主語（主從）放在后面 Is it true that he

4、 will be punished seriously by the headmaster? How strange it is that the kids are so quiet! 2.that引導主語從句時，不能省略。 e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.,2.賓語從句:賓語從句在復合句中作賓語。,引導賓語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣 ）作主句謂語動詞的賓語例： Tell me what you said. 動詞間接賓語賓語從句。例 She told me that she would acc

5、ept my invitation. ）作介詞的賓語例： Did he say anything about how the work was to be done? 注意：that從句一般不作介詞（except除外）的賓語例： This suit fits me well except that the trousers are too long. ）用在某些形容詞后邊例： Im surprised( that )he didnt come.,注意點：,1.it 可以作為形式賓語 it 可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。 例如： We hear

6、d it that she would get married next month. 句式: 主語謂語itadj./n. 賓語從句 She made it a rule that she got up early every morning. She made it clear that it was not her fault.,2.否定的轉移,若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如： I dont

7、 think this dress fits you well. 我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。,She said (that) her child was ill and that her husband was on a business trip. 4. 介詞之后的賓語從句，不可用which或if連接，要分別用what或 whether。 e.g. Im interested in whether youve finished the work. Im interested in what youve said. 5.whether與if都可以引導賓語從句，常可互換。但下面情況不能互換。 賓

8、語從句是否定句時，只用if，不用whether。 e.g. I wonder if it doesnt rain. 用if 會引起誤解，就要用whether。 e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易當成條件句理解）,3.that的省略， 出現(xiàn)多個賓語從句時，只有第一個that可以省略,賓語從句中的whether 與or not直接連用，就不能換成if e.g. I dont know whether or not the report is true. 介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導。whe

9、ther 可與不定式連用。 e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time. They dont know whether to go there.,3. 表語從句:表語從句在復合句中作表語，位于系動詞之后。結構是“主語連系動詞表語從句,The question was who could go there. The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. This is why we cant get the support of the peo

10、ple. But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 注意點： (1)只用whether不用if (2)句式：This/That/It is because/why The reason whyis that,4.同位語從句,在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，說明該名詞的具體內容。 I h

11、ave no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 句式： Word came that A saying / story goes that,難點辨析,1.名詞從句的語序及主從句時態(tài)的一致 （）陳述語序 No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years. (2)從句時態(tài)受主句的時態(tài)制約，即當主句為過去時，從句應使用相應的過去時態(tài)（客觀真理除外）；當主句為現(xiàn)在時或將來時，從句可根據(jù)從句的

12、需要使用各種時態(tài) You cant imagine how excited they were when they received these nice Christmas presents. Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.,(1) what &that _ they won the game was _ we had expected. The fact _ our team lost the game surprised us all. that只連接，不充當任何句子成分 what可作主語賓語或表語，意為

13、“什么”或“所的”,2.名詞從句引導詞的用法區(qū)別,that,That,what,(2) whether & if,Its still uncertain _ he is coming. _ we still attend the lecture hasnt been decided. I dont know _or not they can arrive here on time . I wonder _ it isnt true. It depends on _ we have enough money.,Whether,if/ whether,whether,whether,if,(3)

14、that, why &because,The reason why he didnt attend the party is _ he hasnt come back yet. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats _ I got wet all through. I got wet all through. Thats _ I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. why強調的是結果，because強調的是原因,that,why,because,3.whatever/whoever與no ma

15、tter what/no matter who區(qū)別,We will do _ our party calls on us to do. _breaks the law, he should be punished. _ comes to the party will receive a gift. They have made up their mind to complete the task, _happens. whatever等既可引導名詞從句，也可引導讓步狀語從句, 而no matter只可以引導讓步狀語從句,whatever/ no matter what,Whoever/ No

16、matter who,whatever,Whoever,4.主語從句作主語時謂語動詞的數(shù),When and where the new school will be built _(not decide) yet. When we will find the lost child and how can we find him_ (be) unknown. 單個主語從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，多個主語從句作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。,has not been decided,are,5.某些固定搭配及句型在名詞從句中的用法,I doubt _ he will come to help us wit

17、h the work this afternoon. We dont doubt _- they can complete the task ahead of time. There is no doubt_ our team will win the game. Although most of them have no doubt_ he will pass the exam, I still think there is some doubt _ he had really got everything ready.,whether/ if,whether/ if,that,that,t

18、hat,Im sure _ we can believe in him, for he is honest. We are not sure_ she will write to us soon. doubt 的主句為肯定時，名詞從句常用whether/ if 連接；主句為否定或疑問時，名詞從句常用that連接 sure主句為肯定時，名詞從句常用that連接；主句為否定或疑問時，名詞從句常用whether/ if 連接,whether/ if,that,5.名詞從句中虛擬語氣的使用,The worker demanded that their wages_ (raise). The order that the work_ (complete) in two days is