1、t,Sentence component,英語句子成分有八種:,句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分有主語和謂語； 次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。,句子成分詳解,1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday., 主語, 謂 語, 定語, 賓 語, 同位語, 狀 語,主語(Subject)：主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，常位于句首。 但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（主語不是疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中， 主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。主語可由下列結(jié)構(gòu)表示。,During the 1990s, American cou

2、ntry music has become more and more popular.（名詞） 2) We often speak English in class.（代詞） 3) One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞） 4) The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞） 5) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） 6) Smoking does harm to the health.（動(dòng)名詞） 7) When we are goin

3、g to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句） 8) It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）,2. 謂語(Predicate)：謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和 狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。,簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。 He practices running every morning. 2) 復(fù)合謂語： （1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。 You may keep the book for two

4、 weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。 We are students.,3. 表語(Predicative)：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由下列結(jié)構(gòu)表示。,1) Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞） 2) Is it yours?（代詞） 3) The weather has turned cold.（形容詞） 4) The speech is exciting.（分

5、詞） 5) Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞） 6) His job is to teach English.（不定式） 7) His hobby is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞） 8) The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語） 9) Time is up. The class is over.（副詞） 10) The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）,在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語 常見的系動(dòng)詞有: be(am,is,are,were,was) 狀

6、態(tài)：seem, appear, prove - 感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look 變化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow 持續(xù)：remain, stay, keep,4. 賓語(Object)：賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于及物 動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。賓語種類： （1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）Lend me your dictionary. （2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)）They elected him their monitor.,1) They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（

7、名詞） 2) The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代詞） 3) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞） 4) They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名詞化形容詞） 5) He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語） 6) I enjoy listening to popular music.（動(dòng)名詞短語） 7) I think（that）he is fit f

8、or his office.（賓語從句） 8) He found it hard to solve the problem. （it作形式賓語，真正的賓語為后面的不定式）,5. 賓語補(bǔ)足語(Object Complement)：英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞， 除有一個(gè)直接賓語外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意 義完整。,1) His father named him Dongming.（名詞） 2) They painted their boat white.（形容詞） 3) Let the fresh air in.（副詞） 4) You mustnt force him to lend his

9、money to you. （不定式短語） 5) We saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞） 6) We found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語） 7) We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）,主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后,賓語補(bǔ)足語變成主補(bǔ).,I last saw him playing near the river.,He was last seen playing near the river.,The teacher caught the s

10、tudent cheating in the exam,The student was caught cheating in the exam,We made him monitor.,He was made monitor.,He pushed the door open.,The door was pushed open.,6. 定語(Attribute)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。,1) Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞） 2) China is a developing country; America is a developed coun

11、try.（分詞） 3) There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞） 4) His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞） 5) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. （不定式短語） 6) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （動(dòng)名詞） 7) He is reading an article about how to learn Engli

12、sh. （介詞短語） 8) He has a sister who works in Hong Kong. (定語從句),7. 狀語(adverbial modifier)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè) 句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。,1) Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組） 2) He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語） 3) He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語） 4) H

13、e is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語） 5) Wait a minute.（名詞） 6) Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句）,狀語有如下10種：,1) How about meeting again at six?（時(shí)間） 2) Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因） 3) I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（條件） 4) Mr Smith lives on the t

14、hird floor.（地點(diǎn)） 5) She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式） 6) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨） 7)In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的） 8) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果） 9) She works very hard though she is old.（讓步） 10) I am t

15、aller than he is.（比較）,指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分,1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos

16、 of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist.,指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分,11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 1

17、4. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet.,1) Mr

18、. Lee is a well-known scientist. 2) He reads newspapers everyday. 3) Two and ten is twelve. 4) Smoking is harmful to the health. 5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure. 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.,1) The new term begins on the 1st of September. 2) I would like to invite all my

19、friends here. 3) I have tried this way three times. 4) We should pay attention to the English idioms. 5) He is working in the garden.,1)Wangs father is a doctor. （名詞） 2) He is always careless. （形容詞） 3) The basketball match is on. （副詞） 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. （介詞短語） 5) Our aim is

20、 to win more medals. （不定式） 6) His work is teaching French. （動(dòng)名詞短語） 7) The question is who can really repair the machines. （從句）,1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. 2) The medicine is good for this boy. 3) Do you understand what I mean? 4) My little sister always likes to ask questions. 5

21、) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?,I found it difficult to finish the task in time. Do you consider it any good sending more people there? We have made it clear that we disagreed.,Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus.,。,Mary is a chemistry teacher. He is our friend. We belong to the t

22、hird world. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. The man over there is my old friend.,The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. The boys playing football are in Class 2. The trees planted last year are growing well now. I have an idea to do it well. You should do everything that I do

23、.,1) She sings quite well. （副詞） 2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. （介詞短語） 3) Arriving there, call me up. 4) The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 5) If I have some spare time, I will take up German. 6) He is very handsome.,He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next

24、 room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.,We elected him monitor. （名詞） We will make them happy. （形容詞） We found nobody in. ( 副詞作賓補(bǔ)) Please make yourself at home. （介詞短語） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式名詞） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式名詞） Dont keep the fire bu

25、rning. （現(xiàn)在分詞名詞） Ill have my bike repaired. （過去分詞名詞）,The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支鋼筆。 The boy in blue is Tom./穿蘭色衣服的孩子是湯姆。 There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有兩個(gè)9歲的，三個(gè)10歲的男孩。 名詞： The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圓珠筆。 There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./這鉛筆

26、盒里只有一支圓珠筆。 副詞： The boy there needs a pen./那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。 The best boy here is Tom./這里最棒的男孩是Tom。 不定式： The boy to write this letter needs a pen./寫這封信的男孩需要一支鋼筆。 There is nothing to do today./今天無事要做。 分詞（短語）： The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那個(gè)微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。 The pen bought by her is mad

27、e in China./她買的筆是中國(guó)產(chǎn)的。 There are five boys left./有五個(gè)留下的男孩。 The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那個(gè)在閱讀的男孩需要你昨天買的鋼筆。 The boy you will know is Tom./你將認(rèn)識(shí)的男孩叫湯姆。 There are five boys who will play the game./參加游戲的男孩有五個(gè)。,介詞短語：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支鋼筆。（地

28、點(diǎn)） Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母親面前,湯姆總是一個(gè)男孩子.(條件) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里沒有學(xué)生.(時(shí)間) 分詞（短語） He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那兒要一支筆。（表示伴隨狀態(tài)） Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因?yàn)椴坏貌煌瓿勺鳂I(yè)，男孩需要一支筆。（原因） Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（

29、因?yàn)椋┦芰梭@嚇，他無聲地坐在那兒。（原因） 不定式： The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支筆寫家庭作業(yè)。（目的） To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想,湯姆變得對(duì)商業(yè)很有興趣. 名詞： Come this way!/走這條路?。ǚ较驙钫Z）,(二) 選出句中謂語（10分， 10分鐘） I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall Th

30、e days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast

31、? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast, Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. m

32、usic Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book,(三) 挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘） My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school wan

33、t to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.,(四) 挑出下列句中的表語（5分， 5分鐘）

34、The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.,(五) 挑出下列句中的定語（6分，6分鐘） They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and

35、Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!,(六) 挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語（6分， 6分鐘） She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found i

36、t difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?,(七) 挑出下列句中的狀語（8分， 8分鐘） There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The

37、 man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.,(八) 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語（5分， 5分鐘） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history n