1、第2節(jié)非謂語動詞,專題一 語法知識,1.在“句子，非句子”結(jié)構(gòu)中，非句子部分用非謂語 The teacher devoted his life to his career，making most of his students successful in study. 這位老師把他的一生都奉獻(xiàn)給了他的事業(yè)，使他的大部分學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)上取得了成功。 2.在“非句子，句子”結(jié)構(gòu)中，非句子部分用非謂語 Having worked with children，I know what is needed most. 和孩子們一起工作后，我知道什么是最需要的。 3.在“with賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語補(bǔ)足

2、語可用非謂語動詞 With her baby sleeping on her back，the woman was cleaning the rich mans house. 這位婦女在打掃富人的房子，她的孩子正睡在她的背上。,高頻考點(diǎn)梳理,4.在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear.等使役動詞或感官動詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，也可用非謂語動詞 Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain. 別讓她在雨中等了。 5.“連詞分詞”，可以在分詞前面加上連詞when，while，if，unless，once，th

3、ough，even if，no matter.等，但分詞的邏輯主語必須和句子主語一致。 When taken according to directions，the drug has no side-effects. 按照說明書服藥，這個(gè)藥就沒有副作用。,1.表面上考分詞，實(shí)際上考形容詞的情況 The man won a big prize，surprised and happy. 這個(gè)男子中了大獎(jiǎng)，又驚喜又快樂。 句中surprised形式上是過去分詞，但已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，在句中作狀語(或主語補(bǔ)足語)。 2.在“被動形式表主動”情況中出題 Dressed in a white skirt，th

4、e girl looks like an angel. 穿著白色裙子， 這個(gè)女孩看上去像天使。 dressed是過去分詞，但它沒有被動的意思，而表示“穿著”這一主動意義。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)梳理,3.在“主動形式表被動”的情況中出題 Looking tired and weak，the woman should have a day off to see a doctor. 這位婦女看起來又累又虛弱，她應(yīng)該請一天假去看醫(yī)生。 look在本題中為感官動詞，感官動詞在非謂語中用主動表被動。 4.從“主語一致或主語不一致”角度出題 用逗號隔開的前后兩部分的邏輯主語有時(shí)一致，有時(shí)不一致。邏輯主語不一致時(shí)，非謂語動

5、詞一般要自帶邏輯主語，從而構(gòu)成“分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。 Seen from this angle，the mountain looks like a face of a man. 從這個(gè)角度看，這座山看起來像一個(gè)人的臉。 Time permitting，Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon. 時(shí)間允許的話，明天下午我就和你一起去那里。,5.在“and/or/but句子”的并列句結(jié)構(gòu)中，可能會考查“以動詞原形開頭”的祈使句，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)表面上像非謂語，其實(shí)考查的是謂語。 Study hard，or you will fail in the exam. 努力

6、學(xué)習(xí)，否則你會考試不及格的。,解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：為了享受電子支付的便利，許多老年人開始使用智能手機(jī)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里表示目的，故用動詞不定式作目的狀語。,1._ the convenience of digital payment，many senior citizens started to use smart phones.(2019江蘇，30) A.To enjoy B.Enjoying C.To have enjoyed D.Enjoy,高考題組,解析考查動名詞。句意為：學(xué)會批判性地思考是當(dāng)今兒童未來所需的一項(xiàng)重要技能。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句的謂語動詞是is，is之前的

7、內(nèi)容是主語，故此處應(yīng)用動名詞短語作主語，表示一般性的陳述概念，故選C。,2._ to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.(2019天津，4) A.Learn B.Learned C.Learning D.Having learned,解析考查過去分詞。句意為：大多數(shù)大學(xué)現(xiàn)在給大一學(xué)生提供一門專門設(shè)計(jì)的來幫助他們在學(xué)業(yè)和個(gè)人事務(wù)上成功的課程。此處course與design之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。故選A。,3.Most colleges now o

8、ffer first-year students a course specially _ to help them succeed academically and personally.(2019天津，10) A.designed B.designing C.to design D.being designed,解析句意為：在這段時(shí)期創(chuàng)造了大約13 500個(gè)新工作，超過了市場分析師認(rèn)為的12 000個(gè)的預(yù)期數(shù)量。were created是謂語，因此exceed只能用非謂語動詞形式作伴隨狀語。A項(xiàng)having exceeded表示exceed的動作發(fā)生在were created之前，不符合語

9、境； B項(xiàng)to exceed不能作伴隨狀語，可表“將來”或“目的”； C項(xiàng)exceeded表示主語與exceed之間為被動關(guān)系，也不符合語境。故選D。,4.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period，_ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.(2018江蘇，26) A.having exceeded B.to exceed C.exceeded D.exceeding,解析因?yàn)榫渥又幸延兄^語動詞，故此處要用非謂語動詞形式。句子的主語與use之間是被動關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)

10、該選A項(xiàng)，即過去分詞作狀語，used correctly相當(dāng)于if it is used correctly這個(gè)條件狀語從句的省略形式。句意為：普通的肥皂，如果使用得當(dāng)，可以有效地清除細(xì)菌。,5.Ordinary soap，_ correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively. (2018北京，10) A.used B.to use C.using D.use,解析句意為：很多中國品牌歷經(jīng)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)樹立了聲譽(yù)，它們正面臨著當(dāng)代市場帶來的新挑戰(zhàn)。“_their reputations over centuries”在句中作狀語，修飾整個(gè)句子。句子主語many

11、 Chinese brands與動詞develop之間是主動關(guān)系，且句中有延續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語over centuries，這里應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示主動和延續(xù)性的動作，因此選A。,6.Many Chinese brands，_ their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017江蘇，21) A.having developed B.being developed C.developed D.developing,解析句意為：現(xiàn)在許多航空公司允許乘客在網(wǎng)上打印登機(jī)牌以節(jié)約

12、他們寶貴的時(shí)間。不定式短語to save their valuable time在句中作目的狀語。,7.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _ their valuable time.(2017北京，27) A.save B.saving C.to save D.saved,解析句意為：國家公園有一大批野生生物，從蝴蝶到大象都有。range from.to.從到(的范圍)。a large collection of wildlife與range之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。,8.T

13、he national park has a large collection of wildlife，_ from butterflies to elephants.(2017北京，30) A.ranging B.range C.to range D.ranged,解析句意為：吉姆已經(jīng)退休了，但他仍然記得和學(xué)生們一起度過的快樂時(shí)光。time與spend之間是被動關(guān)系，故此處用過去分詞形式。,9.Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time _ with his students.(2017北京，32) A.to spend B.s

14、pend C.spending D.spent,解析句意為：整個(gè)會議期間，我一直在看時(shí)間，因?yàn)槲乙s火車。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示將要發(fā)生的動作，且catch與a train是動賓關(guān)系，故用動詞不定式作定語，用主動形式表被動意義。,10.I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train _. (2017天津，10) A.catching B.caught C.to catch D.to be caught,解析句意為：醫(yī)院最近獲得了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，從而使更多的病人能夠得到治療。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，故選B項(xiàng)。

15、,11.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，_ more patients to be treated.(2017天津，14) A.being allowed B.allowing C.having allowed D.allowed,解析句意為：在藝術(shù)評論中，你得假設(shè)藝術(shù)家藏了一個(gè)秘密信息在作品中。句中message與hide是被動關(guān)系，故要用過去分詞作后置定語。,12.In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message _ within

16、 the work.(2016江蘇，28) A.to hide B.hidden C.hiding D.being hidden,解析句意為：為了更容易地和我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系，你最好把這張名片卡放在手邊。由本句話的后半句可知，make的邏輯主語為you，you與make之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，結(jié)合句意可知，非謂語動詞在這里作目的狀語，故選D。,13._ it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep this card at hand.(2016北京，26) A.Made B.Make C.Making D.To make,解析句意為：那些書一周

17、前已經(jīng)預(yù)定了，現(xiàn)在有望隨時(shí)到貨。order與其邏輯主語the books之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故選D。,14._ over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now. (2016北京，28) A.Ordering B.To order C.Having ordered D.Ordered,解析句意為：涼爽的風(fēng)通過我們臥室的窗戶吹進(jìn)來，沒有必要吹空調(diào)了。題中swept是謂語動詞，所以make只能用非謂語動詞形式；句子主語the cooling wind與make是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。不定式

18、作結(jié)果狀語，通常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。,15.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，_ air conditioning unnecessary.(2016天津，4) A.making B.to make C.made D.being made,解析句意為：為了再討論一下水污染的問題，我想讓大家看一項(xiàng)2012年在澳大利亞進(jìn)行的研究。分析句子成分可知，句中沒有連詞，所以空處用非謂語動詞，且a study和conduct構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語。,16.To return to the problem of wat

19、er pollution，Id like you to look at a study _ in Australia in 2012.(2016浙江，10) A.having conducted B.to be conducted C.conducting D.conducted,解析句意為：航海的樂趣與我現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生一起上課的樂趣一樣多。題干中的do指代前面的have fun，have fun doing sth. 做某事很開心，是固定搭配，故選A。,17.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _ with students. (2016

20、浙江，19) A.working B.work C.to work D.worked,解析句意為：長時(shí)間坐在辦公桌前，辦公室職員通常被健康問題所困擾。time與spend之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。,18.Much time _ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015江蘇，24) A.being spent B.having spent C.spent D.spending,解析句意為：工作了兩天后，史蒂夫設(shè)法準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成了報(bào)告。work與其邏

21、輯主語Steve之間為主謂關(guān)系，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；同時(shí)work的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作managed to finish之前，并且有時(shí)間狀語for two days，故要用完成時(shí)。,19._ for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. (2015天津，8) A.To work B.Worked C.To be working D.Having worked,解析句意為：那名店員看到一張友善的臉，臉上因歉意的微笑布滿了皺紋，這時(shí)她愣在了那里，琢磨著是走還是留。句子的主語she與wonder之間是主動關(guān)系，且wonder與

22、主句動作stood是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。,20.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，_ whether to stay or leave.(2015湖南，30) A.wondering B.wonder C.to wonder D.wondered,1._ economic growth，various measures are being taken to expand domestic demand. A.Having st

23、abilized B.Stabilizing C.Stabilized D.To stabilize,解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：為了穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，正在采取各種措施擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需。 此處表示目的，應(yīng)該用不定式作目的狀語，故D項(xiàng)正確。,模擬題組,解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：周三，中國的嫦娥4號機(jī)器人探測器進(jìn)入月球軌道，標(biāo)志著它在月球遠(yuǎn)端軟著陸任務(wù)中邁出了重要一步。逗號前是主句，逗號后修飾整個(gè)主句，結(jié)合句意，主句和mark之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，A選項(xiàng)正確。,2.Chinas Change 4 robotic probe entered lunar orbit on Wednesday，_

24、a major step in its mission to make a soft landing on the moons far side. A.marking B.to mark C.having marked D.marked,解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：中國的北斗導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)開始提供全球服務(wù)，計(jì)劃在2020年左右完成。本句已經(jīng)存在謂語動詞start且句中沒有連詞，故schedule作非謂語動詞。又因其邏輯主語與schedule之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞scheduled。故選B。,3.Chinas Beidou Navigation Satellite System has

25、 started providing global services，_ to become complete around 2020. A.being scheduled B.scheduled C.to schedule D.scheduling,解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：打算通過舉辦音樂會為消除饑餓籌集資金，并讓公眾意識到這個(gè)問題，蓋爾多夫邀請了許多著名的音樂家參加。intend的邏輯主語是Geldof，它們之間是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語，且分詞的動作和主句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作原因狀語，故選B。,4._ the concert to raise money f

26、or hunger relief and to make the public aware of the problem，Geldof invited many famous musicians to take part in it. A.Intended B.Intending C.Having intended D.To intend,解析考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意為：傳播18名火警在爆炸中喪生了的這條假消息的人被逮捕了。傳播假消息與the man 是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語， 故選C。,5.The man _ the fake news that 18 firefighters lost

27、their lives in the explosion was arrested. A.having circulating B.to circulate C.circulating D.to have circulated,解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：你無法想象當(dāng)?shù)弥覀兊男Ｓ勋@得全國機(jī)器人大賽第一名的時(shí)候我們是多么激動。be excited to do sth. 做某事很興奮，這里是感嘆句，被感嘆的詞是excited，所以“how形容詞主語be to do”，故選D。,6.You cant imagine how excited we were _ that our schoolmate

28、s had won the first place in National Robot Competition. A.learning B.having learned C.to be learning D.to learn,解析考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意為：大約十年后，在沒有選擇的情況下，他回到了他開始的地方，為自己的拼搏沒有什么收獲而感到羞愧。run out of “用光，耗盡” 與主語he在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系，且表示的動作明顯發(fā)生在return之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式having run。故D選項(xiàng)正確。,7.After a decade or so，_ out of choices，he re

29、turned to where hed begun，ashamed of having so little to show for his wanderings. A.being run B.running C.to run D.having run,解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：到2033年底要被完成的這個(gè)計(jì)劃將會把城市電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)擴(kuò)大到覆蓋兩百萬用戶。本句中名詞the project與動詞accomplish構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，同時(shí)因?yàn)?033是表將來的時(shí)間，所以使用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語修飾the project。A項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式，表示正在被做； B項(xiàng)是過去分詞，表示被動和已經(jīng)完成。故C正確

30、。,8.The project，_ by the end of 2033，will expand the citys telephone network to cover 2,000,000 users. A.being accomplishedB.accomplished C.to be accomplishedD.having been accomplished,解析考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。句意為：每天忙于辦公室的日常工作，她沒時(shí)間照顧孩子。Sb. occupy oneself with sth. 某人忙于某事，這里的she和occupy是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，如果這題沒有herself

31、，就應(yīng)該填occupied，用于詞組be occupied with。故選A。,9._ herself with routine office work，she had no time to attend to her children. A.Occupying B.Occupied C.Being occupied D.To be occupied,解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：讓他們很惱火的是，他們的車引擎出了毛病，這對年輕夫婦不得不晚上在路邊休息區(qū)暫住一夜。他們的“車”和“形成”是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，因?yàn)椤耙娉雒　卑l(fā)生在“暫時(shí)住宿在外”之前，因此用完成式，故選C。,10.Much t

32、o their annoyance，their car _ engine trouble，the young couple had to put up at a roadside rest area for the night. A.DevelopedB.being developed C.having developedD.to develop,解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：考慮到可能降溫，你提前準(zhǔn)備一些煤是明智的。句中you和動詞consider是主動關(guān)系，用動詞-ing形式，此處沒有涉及動作先后，所以用一般式。故選A。,11._ the temperature might drop，its

33、 wise of you to prepare some coal in advance. A.ConsideringB.Considered C.To considerD.Having considered,解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：在一輛開往市場的馬車上，有一只目光憂郁的小牛犢，在它的上方是一只燕子，在天空中疾飛。第一空用了固定短語be bound for，意為“準(zhǔn)備到去；開往，駛向”，這里作定語，應(yīng)用過去分詞；第二空swallow和動詞fly是主動關(guān)系，用-ing形式作狀語。故選A。,12.On a wagon _ for the market，there is a calf with

34、 mournful eyes，and high above him is a swallow，_ swiftly through the sky. A.bound；flyingB.bounding；flying C.bounded；flewD.bound；flew,解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：她是第一個(gè)被選進(jìn)董事會的女性?！皌he first/second/.不定式作定語”表示“第幾個(gè)做某事的人”，woman與appoint是被動關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動語態(tài)。,13.She was the first woman _ to the board. A.to be appointed B.havin

35、g been appointed C.appointing D.to appoint,解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的矛盾，如果沒有正確地處理，會在日常生活中造成災(zāi)難性的后果。The conflict和manage之間是被動關(guān)系，并不表示正在進(jìn)行，故選C。,14.The conflict between economic development and environmental protection，if not appropriately _，can cause disastrous consequences in daily life settings. A.bein

36、g managed B.to manage C.managed D.managing,解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：夏季在外面工作時(shí)應(yīng)該避免什么？ 溫度超過32度時(shí)要避免跑動。根據(jù)問題可知，如果把答語補(bǔ)充完整就是We should avoid running when the temperature is over 32。而avoid doing sth. 是固定搭配，避免做某事。故選B。,15.What should we avoid when we work out in summer? _ when the temperature is over 32. A.To run B.Runnin

37、g C.Having run D.To have run,解析考查非謂語動詞。由題干可知，該題只需判斷動作與謂語的先后關(guān)系：有著薰衣草花海的迷人風(fēng)貌，谷里變成了南京著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。由此可知，表述一般的情況，動詞不定式表示將來，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示已經(jīng)，只有A項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表一般情況，因此選A。,16._ a striking look with a sea of lavender flowers，Guli has become a famous attraction in Nanjing. A.Wearing B.To wear C.To be wearing D.Having worn,

38、解析考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意為：日本最近宣布將重新開始商業(yè)捕鯨，這引起了全世界的極大關(guān)注和爭議。分析句子可知，cause與前面句子的意思在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞causing作結(jié)果狀語。故B選項(xiàng)正確。,17.Japan has recently announced that it will restart commercial whaling，_ great concern and controversy throughout the world. A.to cause B.causing C.having caused D.to have caused,解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：這項(xiàng)來

39、自哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)者的研究聲稱，它首次提供了明確的證據(jù)，表明氣溫上升時(shí)，在校表現(xiàn)會下降。claim to do表示“聲稱做”，而且produce這個(gè)動作發(fā)生在claims之前，故A項(xiàng)正確。,18.The study，from academics at Harvard，claims _ the first clear evidence showing that when temperatures go up，school performance goes down. A.to have produced B.to produce C.producing D.being produced,解析句意為：根

40、據(jù)外國的節(jié)目改編的版本獲得了大量的觀眾，從而激勵(lì)更多的中國電視集團(tuán)購買國外的素材。分析句子成分可知，逗號前面為主句，其后為非謂語動詞作結(jié)果狀語。結(jié)合句意以及thus可知空格處表示自然而然的結(jié)果，故選B項(xiàng)。,19.Adapted versions of foreign shows have gained massive audiences，thus _ more Chinese television groups to buy foreign materials. A.to inspire B.inspiring C.inspired D.having inspired,解析考查非謂語動詞。句意

41、為：學(xué)校體育館里擠滿家長的圖片在社交媒體上廣泛流傳，引起了熱烈的爭論。動詞短語pack with意為“用充滿”，該短語的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成短語be packed with“擠滿，充滿”；句子使用形容詞短語packed with parents作定語修飾名詞短語school gyms，相當(dāng)于定語從句which are packed with parents。故A項(xiàng)正確。,20.Images of school gyms _ with parents have been widely shared on social media，causing a heated debate. A.packed B.t

42、o be packed C.packing D.having been packed,解析考查非謂語動詞作結(jié)果狀語。句意為：我曾被我信任的人背叛過幾次，導(dǎo)致我對每件事和每一個(gè)人都抱著懷疑的態(tài)度?！皉esult in.”為固定搭配，意為“導(dǎo)致”。前一句“我曾被我信任的人背叛過幾次”，導(dǎo)致后面的結(jié)果“我對每件事和每一個(gè)人都抱著懷疑的態(tài)度”。前一句導(dǎo)致后面的結(jié)果，此處要用動詞的-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語，因此選C。,21.I had been betrayed by those who I trusted several times，_ in a suspicious attitude towards

43、everything and everyone. A.resulted B.having resulted C.resulting D.to result,解析句意為：三體迅速成為亞馬遜網(wǎng)站上最暢銷的亞洲文學(xué)作品，這證明中國也有成功的科幻小說。proving that.是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，其邏輯主語是前面的整個(gè)句子。故選A。,22.The Three-Body Problem has quickly become the best-selling Asian work of literature on A，_ that China also has a successful scienc

44、e fiction scene. A.proving B.to prove C.to be proved D.will prove,解析句意為：蒂姆怎么了？哦，他的手機(jī)不小心落在出租車上，再也找不回來了。Tims cell phone和find之間是被動關(guān)系，且find的動作在謂語動詞動作之后，故用動詞不定式的一般被動式，故答案為B。,23.Whats the matter with Tim? Oh，Tims cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally，never _ again. A.to find B.to be found C.finding D

45、.being found,解析句意為：在一個(gè)多樣化的社會，一個(gè)人總是期望對于權(quán)利有多種解釋。此處考查的是expect一詞的非謂語動詞用法，即sb. expect sb. to do sth. 以及其與there be句式的混合用法，即生成expect there to be的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D項(xiàng)。,24.In a diverse society，one would expect _ multiple interpretations of rights. A.it being B.it to be C.there being D.there to be,解析句意為：總有一些障礙在擋路，一些我們實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的教育目標(biāo)前需要克服的東西。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里需要非謂語動詞作定語修飾something，get through意為“克服”，something與get through之間為被動關(guān)系；根據(jù)句意可知，“實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的教育目標(biāo)”是將來的事，因此“需要克服的東西”也在將來，故選A。,25.There are always some obst