1、成才之路 英語,路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版 必修2,Computers,Unit 3,Section Learning about Language 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),Unit 3,根據(jù)句意，用所給詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)填空。 Over time I _(change)quite a lot. 經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間我已被改變了很多。 First as a PC and then as a laptop, I _ (use)in offices and homes since the 1970s. 自20世紀(jì)70年代以來，我一直被用在辦公室和家庭里，先是作為個(gè)人電腦，后來又做成便攜式的。,S

2、ince the 1970s many new applications _ (find) for me. 自20世紀(jì)70年代以來，我又被開發(fā)出了很多新的用途。 I _ even _(put) into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. 我甚至被放置在航空火箭里去探測月球和火星。 答案：have been changedhave been usedhave been foundhave；been put,一、基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)撥 1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種句式。,一、基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)撥 1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種句式。 The first

3、subway to cross the Yangtze River has been started.(肯定式) 第一條橫穿長江的地鐵已經(jīng)開工。 When and where to have our holiday hasnt been decided yet.(否定式) 我們還沒決定何時(shí)去何地度假。,Has the construction of the underwater tunnel been finished？(一般疑問式) 水下隧道的建造已完工了嗎？ What parts of Gansu Province have been hit by strong winds and hea

4、vy snowfall in the past two days？(特殊疑問式) 在過去的兩天里，甘肅省的什么地方受到大風(fēng)和大雪侵襲？,名師點(diǎn)撥 (1)since then/since從句，so far，by now，up to now，recently，lately，already，yet，in/during the past/last段時(shí)間等，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中。 (2)ever，never，already，yet等副詞，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，放在has或have之后。,2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。 (1)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響與結(jié)果。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可與a

5、lready或yet連用，但不能與for或since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 The work has already been completed. 這項(xiàng)工作已完成。,(2)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用，或用于How long.？句型中。 My car has been repaired for two days. 我的車已被修理了兩天。 The house has been painted since the family moved out. 自從這一家人搬出，這座房子已被粉刷。,(3)用在時(shí)間或條件等狀

6、語從句中，表示將來某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)代替將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 A new plan will be made after this one has been finished. 這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃完成后才能制訂新計(jì)劃。 If the shopping has been done，lets have a rest. 如果買完了東西，讓我們休息一下吧。,二、難點(diǎn)突破 1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞，即have/has和been缺一不可。 No news has been heard about him since he left his hometown. 自從他離開家鄉(xiāng)，就沒有關(guān)

7、于他的任何消息傳來。,2與一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別。一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與現(xiàn)在的情況沒有聯(lián)系，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系。 The construction of the market was finished(只說明過去)last year, and the new market has been put(對現(xiàn)在有影響)into use since then. 市場建設(shè)工作去年完工；自那時(shí)起新建市場已被投入使用。,3非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能

8、與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思，則要改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。 這項(xiàng)工程啟動(dòng)有多久了？ *How long has the project been started？(誤) *How long ago was the project started？(正) *How long has the project been on？(正),名師點(diǎn)撥 這類動(dòng)詞的否定形式表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)過程，具有延續(xù)性，因此可以與for構(gòu)成的表時(shí)間的短語和since構(gòu)成的表時(shí)間的短語或句子連用。 No books has been borrowed from the library since he accepted

9、the work. 自從他接受這份工作，他沒有再從圖書館借過書。,4短語動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要保持其完整性，其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。 Those leftbehind children have been taken good care of in the local kindergarten. 那些留守兒童在當(dāng)?shù)赜變簣@已得到很好的照顧。,.單句語法填空 1(2010湖南改編)This coastal area _(name) a national wildlife reserve last year. 答案：was named句意：去年，這塊沿海地區(qū)被命名為國家野生動(dòng)物保

10、護(hù)區(qū)。本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。由句中時(shí)間狀語last year可知，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該過去時(shí)態(tài)。,2His sister left home in 1998, and has not_(hear) since. 答案：been heard of考查時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意：他姐姐1998年離家出走，從此杳無音信。根據(jù)句中since可知本題需用完成時(shí)，同時(shí)根據(jù)句意可知需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 3(2011天津改編)In the last few years thousands of films_(produce) all over the world. 答案：have bee

11、n produced本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語in the last few years 可知空格處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；films 與produce之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。句意：在過去的幾年里，全世界共拍攝了上千部電影。,4I like these English songs and they_(teach) many times on the radio. 答案：have been taught考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。由句意可知應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；由many times判斷應(yīng)用完成時(shí)態(tài)。 5Though we dont know what was discussed, yet w

12、e can feel the topic_(change) 答案：has been changed本題考查了時(shí)態(tài)的用法。句意：盡管我們不知道討論了什么，但我們可以感覺到改變了話題。后半句強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。,6I got caught in the rain and my suit_(ruin) 答案：has been ruined句意：我淋雨了，衣服已淋得不成樣子了。名詞my suit與動(dòng)作ruin之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，采用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；此外，“衣服被淋得不成樣子”，表示說話時(shí)刻的一種“現(xiàn)狀”，采用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以本句采用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,7With the help

13、of high technology, more and more new substances_(discover)in the past years. 答案：have been discovered句意：借助高科技，越來越多的新物質(zhì)在過去的數(shù)年里被人類所發(fā)現(xiàn)。說話人客觀介紹了目前的科技發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，采用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；考慮邏輯關(guān)系，“物質(zhì)”是被人類所發(fā)現(xiàn)的，采用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,8If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _(discover)in science and technology. 答案：has been discovered句

14、意：如果牛頓還活在世上的話，他會(huì)對當(dāng)今的科學(xué)技術(shù)感到驚訝。名詞science and technology(科學(xué)與技術(shù))與動(dòng)作discover之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以what從句應(yīng)當(dāng)采用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。本題含有“虛擬語氣”結(jié)構(gòu)，表達(dá)了一個(gè)“與現(xiàn)在相反的”假設(shè)，可以確定what從句應(yīng)當(dāng)采用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。此外，時(shí)間狀語today也是暗示。,.用所給詞或短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1When you get your papers back, pay special attention to what _(mark) 2In recent years many sports clubs _(run) as bu

15、siness to make a profit. 3I want to buy this kind of cloth because I _ (tell)that the cloth washes well. 4The flight to Shanghai _(put off) until tomorrow due to the heavy snow. 5A lot of damage _(cause) by a snowstorm which hit the north of the country last night.,6I like these songs very much, which _ (teach) recently on the radio. 7When and where our professor will give us a lecture _(decide) yet. 8A