1、句子簡化題,句子簡化題(Sentence Simplification Question),(1) 句子簡化題簡介和提問方式,(2) 句子簡化的兩個層面: 語義和邏輯,(3) 常見的邏輯關系轉換-四大 “明顯”/ “隱含” 關系,否定 明顯否定關系的特色詞匯: no, not, none, never, neither, deny 隱含否定關系的特色詞匯: fail to, absent from, lack, lack of, refuse, few, little, 否定詞綴less.,因果 明顯因果關系的特色詞匯: because, because of, since, for, as,

2、 due to, owing to, in that, so, so that, as a result, therefore, there by, hence, consequently, accordingly.,隱含因果關系的特色詞匯:,a. 表示導致含義: lead to, cause, result, result in, give rise to, render, produce, make, 使役動詞, support, support, stimulate, spur, spark, fuel, motivate, prompt.,b. 由而來: come from, resu

3、lt from, originate, derive from, initiate from, stem from, be attributable to, be responsive to.,c. 反映,體現: reflect, present, suggest, show, imply, demonstrate.,d. 考慮到, 依賴: give, considering, on account of, in view of, thanks to, according to, rely on, depend on, resort to.,e. 條件關系: if, when, while,

4、as, as soon as, as long as, 虛擬條件句.,比較 明顯比較關系的特色詞匯: 同級比較比較級 隱含比較關系的特色詞匯:,a. “變化”: change, vary, alter, modify, revise, increase, decrease, destroy, develop, improve, progress, advance, grow, degenerate, continue, remain, stay, stable, still.,b. “差異”: same, different.,c. “超越”: surpass, exceed, transce

5、nd, excel,最高級絕對化,明顯最高級/絕對化關系的特色詞匯: -est/ 比較級,隱含最高級絕對化關系的特色詞匯:,a. 自身含有最高級含義: maximum, minimum, outstanding, extreme.,b. 否定加比較: nothing can be better than that,c. 程度較深的詞: surprisingly, amazingly, prohibitively(修飾價格的high),Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynes

6、ians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals.,Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost

7、 while transporting domesticated plants and animals. The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions. Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence. The settlement of the Pacific islands was