1、閱讀理解技巧,二、推理判斷題：,技巧：找出作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞語，進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推理。 注意不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn) 解推斷題最主要的方法是根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。,常見問題形式有： (1) It can be inferred from the text that _. (2) From the text we know that _. (3) The story implies that _. (4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _. (5) The wr

2、iters attitude towardis _.,One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂） and two spiders（蜘蛛）.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment an

3、d the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”,Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment， it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects ,例：A visitor visits a

4、n island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one q

5、uestion. He asks the native,” Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, He said he lives on the western side of the island.Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure?,According to the messengers answer,

6、the visitor can conclude that_ A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth. B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie. C. its hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not. D. the messenger prob

7、ably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.,The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong? A. He may live on the eastern side of the island. B. He may live on the wester

8、n side of the island. C. He may be telling the truth. D. He cant be telling the truth.,7分析推測有關(guān)信使（近處的當(dāng)?shù)厝耍┣闆r的。我們知道，講真話的部落住在島的西部，撒謊的部落住在島的東部。這個(gè)信使去問遠(yuǎn)方的當(dāng)?shù)厝俗≡趰u的哪一邊（東部還是西部）。遠(yuǎn)方的當(dāng)?shù)厝酥荒苡袃煞N情況，要么住在島的西部，要么住在島的東部。如果他住在島的西部，他就是一個(gè)講真話的人，他就會如實(shí)回答他住在西部。如果他住在島的東部，他就是一個(gè)撒謊的人。他本來住在東部，但在回答時(shí)，必須要說謊，他只能回答他住在西部。所以遠(yuǎn)方的當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬还苁亲≡跂|部還是

9、西部，他的回答只有一個(gè)：“我住在西部”。如果信使告訴參觀者遠(yuǎn)方的當(dāng)?shù)厝俗≡谖鞑?，信使無疑是說了真話，那么信使一定是住在島的西部。反之，如果信使告訴參觀者遠(yuǎn)方的當(dāng)?shù)厝俗≡跂|部，那么信使就說了假話，信使肯定住在東部。故此題答案是A。,8分析推測遠(yuǎn)方的當(dāng)?shù)厝说那闆r。從短文提供的信息來看，我們無法判定遠(yuǎn)方的當(dāng)?shù)厝耸亲≡趰u的東部還是島的西部，兩種情況都是可能存在的。此題要注意情態(tài)動詞的語氣。A.“他可能住在島的西部”;B.“他可能住在島的東部”;C.“他可能講了真話”。上述A、B、C三種情況都是可能的。D.“他不可能講真話”，語氣太絕對。推測錯(cuò)誤。故答案為D。,在解答推理性問題時(shí)，應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問題是

10、針對某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷，還是針對主題 思想 、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。 針對細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運(yùn)用scanning方法，迅速在閱讀材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。 針對主題 思想 作推斷時(shí)，其解題的主要依據(jù)是文章的主題 思想 ，然后再分析文章內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系，區(qū)分觀點(diǎn)與例證(opinion and fact)、原因與結(jié)果(cause and effect)、主觀點(diǎn)與次觀點(diǎn)(main idea and supporting idea)。,1、抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理,2、整合全文（段）信息進(jìn)行推斷,3、利用語境的褒貶性進(jìn)行信息推斷,4、根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度,5、根據(jù)上下文的邏

11、輯得出結(jié)論,解題方法,例：When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,” Are you single? “Why, yes. I answered, smiling at her happily. “So is my mothe

12、r. she said, “Would you like to meet her? The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_. A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_. A. she live

13、d near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much,分析這是兩道推測原因的題目。女服務(wù)員每天向作者示好，作者產(chǎn)生誤解，以為女孩對他有意?？紤]到他們年齡相差懸殊，作者認(rèn)為女孩愛上他有點(diǎn)奇怪。故第題答案是D。女孩問作者是否單身，并提到她母親也是單身，并邀請他與她母親見面，可見，女孩每天向他問好，目的是想取得他的好感，進(jìn)而搓和他和她母親。第題答案是C。,主旨大意題,1. 要搞清的是問某一段還是全文的大意，可利用文中主

14、要信息來把握文脈，進(jìn)行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。 2. 如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中的蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。 3.找到中心句。 4. 任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,其他類型題目： 理解作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度題： 既考查學(xué)生對字面意思的理解，也考查學(xué)生對作者寫作目的、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等的理解。,考題主要形式: (1)The writers purpose in writing this story is (2)The text discusses men and women 50,000 yea

15、rs from now in order to show that ,規(guī)律方法：,正確理解作者的寫作意圖，所持的觀點(diǎn)及闡述文章主題時(shí)語氣或他對所論述的對象的態(tài)度。 -假如你是作者，你為什么要寫本文？,小技巧：辨認(rèn)三種作者使用的表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)的詞匯，以及承接上下文的連接詞。,表示貶義：disgust, critical, negative, disappointment.,表示褒義: positive, wonder, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring,表示中立: indifferent, impassive, unint

16、erested, disinterested, disinterest.,六 理解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu),說明文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Expository writing,Definition,(Introduction),Description,(Explanation),Example,Comparison,Classification,Conclusion,議論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu) (Argumentation),Topic,(Opinion),Arguments,(Supporting sentences),facts,examples,theory,conclusion,論點(diǎn),論據(jù),結(jié)論,記敘文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：（Narrative writings),Story presentation