1、The subjunctive mood 虛擬語氣,一、虛擬語氣在非條件句中,eg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.,如果我是你，我就會努力學習,如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就給他打電話了,如果明天下雨的話，我們會取消比賽,If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.,If I had known

2、his telephone number, I would have called him.,If it should were to rain, we would call off the match.,More practice:,使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點：,當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為：錯綜時間條件句“，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應的調(diào)整,If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.,If you had studied hard before, you would b

3、e a college student now.,如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會痊愈了,如果你努力學習的話，你現(xiàn)在就會是大學生了,省略句 在條件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式,If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him

4、. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.,注意：若省略的條件句中的謂語動詞是否定式，不能用動詞的縮略形式如我們可以說 Were it not for expense, I would go abroad now. 不可以說Werent it for the expense,、用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有with, without, but for 等。如： What would you do with a mill

5、ion dollars(=If you had a million dollars)? We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help(=if we hadnt got your help). But for the rain(=If it hadnt been for the rain), we would have finished the work.,、含蓄條件句。 有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不是總是出現(xiàn)if引導的條件句，而是通過其他手段來代替條件句。,I was ill that day.

6、Otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副詞） He telephoned to inform me of you birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（連詞） I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.（連詞） Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（獨立主格）,I woul

7、d buy the book, but I have not enough money. I would have bought the book, but I didnt have enough money.,I havent enough money, otherwise I would buy the book. I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought the book.,我會買那本書的，但我現(xiàn)在沒有錢,我會買那本書的，但我當時沒有錢,我沒有足夠的錢否則我會買那本書的,二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運用,用于賓語從句,

8、、wish 用于后面的賓語從句中。 用于后面的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞形式為：,表現(xiàn)在過去時 表過去過去完成時 表將來would, might, could動詞原形,I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I wouldcould go.,但愿我能去,2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。,insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, r

9、equest, demand, desire etc.,一堅持；二命令；三建議；四要求,We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.,They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.,注意：suggest 當表示“暗示、表明“講時，insist 表示”堅持認為“之意時，應用陳述語氣。,The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.,The man insisted that he had never

10、stolen the money.,他臉上的表情表明他對我們的工作很滿意,那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢,用于主語從句中,1.It is necessaryimportantstrangenaturalimpossible / surprising / a pity+ that從句。從句中的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should可以省略。,2.It is suggesteddesired / ordered / requested / demanded that,It is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work.,It is

11、 important that he (should) work harder at his lessons.,It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.,It is ordered that the work (should) be done at once.,should表示驚奇、懷疑、不滿等情緒，作“竟然”解，should可省略。 句型：It is surprising/a pity/ strange that.,It is a pity that he should be so careless.,真可惜他竟然如此粗心,I

12、t is strange that he should have left without saying good-bye.,他離開時沒有說再見是很奇怪的,注意：以上句型也可用陳述語氣 It is strange that he didnt come yesterday. It is a pity that you cant dance.,I am surprised that he _ to help me when I needed it most. A. should refuse B.would have refused C.should have refused,C,在suggest

13、ion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should動詞原形”should可以省略,用語表語從句和同位語從句,My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.,My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.,We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (sho

14、uld) be put off.,It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂語動詞用過去式或should動詞原形，should不能省略,三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中,It is high time that you went / should go to school.,If only 引導的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊,If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday!,would rather + 從句動詞用過去式,I would rather you told me the truth.,

15、我寧愿你告訴我真相,as if ( as though) 看起來用過去式或過去完成時表虛擬,even if ( even though)即使,He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son.,He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it,Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.,Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.,注意：as if/as though從句的

16、虛擬語氣的動詞不受主句動詞的支配主從句同時，用過去式；從句先，主句后用過去完成時,If it were not for If it had not been for 要是沒有,If it were not for the rain, the crop would die.,If it had not been for your help, I wouldnt have made so much progress.,在口語交際中虛擬語氣省略的情況,若一般過去時只保留did, could, were等助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞。 若是過去完成時，只保留had 若是過去將來時只保留would, mig

17、ht,- Have you found the answer to the question? -I wish I had.,I cant go to Beijing with you ,but I wish I would.,在In case和 for fear that “萬一；惟恐”引導的狀語 從句中，謂語動詞多用 should+動詞原形,Take an umbrella in case it should rain / rains.,In case I should fail, I would try again.,I darent tell you what he did for fear that he should be angry with.,Choose the best answer: It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would 2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before