1、整合信息的十種語言手段,寫作，特別是基礎(chǔ)寫作，其目的是考查考生整合信息，并用適當(dāng)詞語、 句型和語言手段產(chǎn)生出連貫語篇的能力?，F(xiàn)介紹十種常用的整合信息的語言手段。,要用到的詞語有很多，簡單的有about, on, as to等，復(fù)雜的有concerning, regarding, with respect to等。 例1上周，我們以“誰是你的偶像”為題，在2600名學(xué)生中進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)查（survey）。(2007廣東) Last week, we did a survey among 2,600 students on/ about/ concerning/regarding “who is y

2、our idol”.,主題的呈現(xiàn)手段,觀點(diǎn)的呈現(xiàn)手段,可用短語如according to sb(根據(jù)某人的看法), in ones view(在某人看來), as for sb(在某人看來)等，句型有sb believes/ thinks/ claims，sb told us that，sb pointed out that(某人指出)等。 例2 你的偶像及理由。(2007廣東) As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life.,例3基本信息：(1)發(fā)生率：

3、略高于50 (2)人數(shù)：世界第一 (2009廣東) According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world. (根據(jù)王教授的看法),例4專家解讀：(1)原因：很復(fù)雜 (2)治療：沒有哪一種藥物能治愈近視 (2009廣東) He also pointed out that the causes for short-sightedness are so complicated

4、 that no medicine can cure short-sightedness. (他還指出),1. 主要涉及到百分比的表達(dá)，“百分之幾”可用以下方式表達(dá)(以百分之七十)： (1) 70% of the (2) seventy percent of the (3) 70 percent of the (注意：考生最易漏用of),比例的表達(dá)手段,2. 還有一些其它比例的表達(dá)手段。如： (1)一半： half of the (2)四分之一(25%)：a quarter of (3)四分之三(75%)：three quarters of,分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法：分子是基數(shù)詞，分母是序數(shù)詞。如 1/4:

5、 one fourth 2/3: two thirds 7/8: seven eighths 五個(gè)當(dāng)中有三個(gè)：three out of five, three in five,例5男女生在以明星為偶像方面的差異： (2007廣東),The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols, while 48% of the boys favour sports stars .,例6相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)：(1)吸煙人數(shù)：約3.5億 (2)分布：男性75, 女性：25 Currently China has about

6、350 million smokers, among whom 75 percent are men and 25 percent are women.,表“排位”要用到的詞語有：rank +（the+）序數(shù)詞，be +the+序數(shù)詞，be+ in the +序數(shù)詞+place等；也可以用“is the +形容詞最高級+范圍”來表達(dá)。 例7 “父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差異。(2007年) As the data shows, “parents” ranks the second for the girls, but the last for the boys.,排位的表達(dá)手段,例8 基本信息

7、：(1)發(fā)生率：略高于50 (2)人數(shù)：世界第一 (09年) According to Professor Wang, a little more than 50 % of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world.,短語：advise sb to do(勸某人做某事) 從句：(1)Sb suggests that (2)Sb gives sb a suggestion that (3)It is suggested that(4)It is highly advis

8、able that (5) give sb some advice on ,建議的表達(dá)手段,例9 專家解讀：(3)建議：不要過度用眼；多參加戶外活動(dòng) (2009廣東) He suggested that school children avoid overuse of their eyes and do more outdoor activities. 或He gave us a suggestion that school children should avoid overusing their eyes and take more outdoor activities. 或School

9、children are advised not to overuse their eyes but to take more outdoor activities.,表示提示或提醒的表達(dá)有： Sb reminded us that(某人提醒我們) Sb reminds us (not) to do sth (某人提醒我們做/不要做某事) 例10專家解讀：(4)特別提示：如何握筆也和近視有關(guān) (2009廣東) He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightedness.,提示的表

10、達(dá)手段,表目的的表達(dá)手段很多，用作不同的成分有不同的表達(dá)。 1.用謂語表達(dá)：aim/intend to do sth (目的是，旨在),目的的表達(dá)手段,2.用狀語表達(dá)： (1)so as to /in order to /in an effort to do (為了做某事) (2)with the purpose of doing sth (帶著的目的，為了) (3)in hopes/the hope of (懷著的希望) (4)with dreams of doing (帶著的夢想) (5)with the goal of doing sth (目的是),3.用不定式作表語表達(dá)： (1)Th

11、e purpose of doing sth is to do (做某事的目的是) (2)Our goal is to do(我們的目標(biāo)/的是) (3)The aim is to do (目的是),4.用從句表達(dá)： (1)so that (以便) (2)in order that(為了) (3)in the hope that (懷著的希望),例11目標(biāo)：所有室內(nèi)公共場所無煙,實(shí)施時(shí)間：2011年1月1日起 (2010廣東) This decision, which aims to make all indoor public places smoke-free, will come into

12、 effect from the first day of 2011. 或This decision, aiming to make all indoor public places smoke-free, will be carried out from January 1, 2011.,介詞短語：due to, owing to, thanks to, for the reason that+從句 從句：because, as, since, sothat 句式：The reason for/whyis that(的原因是),原因的表達(dá)手段,例12你的偶像及理由。(2007廣東) As f

13、or myself, Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life.,例13專家解讀：(1)原因：很復(fù)雜 (2)治療：沒有哪一種藥物能治愈近視 (2009廣東) He also pointed out that the causes for short-sightedness are so complicated that no medicine can cure short-sightedness. 或Due to the complication of shortsightedne

14、ss, no medicine can cure it, Professor Wang told us.,這種表達(dá)方式也有很多。如： 1.be connected with 2.be related to 3.be relative to 4.be relevant to 5.have something to do with 6.be in/with relation to 7.be associated with 8.be linked to 9.be bound up with,“與有關(guān)”的表達(dá)手段,例14專家解讀：(4)特別提示：如何握筆也和近視有關(guān) He particularly r

15、eminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightedness. (is related to 可用上面所有的表達(dá)方式代替),表達(dá)努力做某事可以用：1.try ones best to do 2.do ones best to do 3.make every effort to do 4.spare no effort to do 5.do what one can (do)to do 6.do all one can (do) to do 7.make an attempt to do sth 此外，“同位語手段”

16、是信息整合的重要語言手段，因在“優(yōu)化句子的四種常用方法”中已談到，此處就不再重復(fù)了。,“努力，盡力”的表達(dá)手段,1. 帶上手機(jī)和充電器方便與父母聯(lián)系。(目的的表達(dá)),靈活運(yùn)用,請用以上語言手段表達(dá)以下要點(diǎn)。,1. In order to conveniently communicate with our parents, wed better take a mobile phone and a charging device.,2. 亞運(yùn)會(huì)時(shí)間：2010年11月12日至27日 主題：激情盛會(huì)，和諧亞洲 (主題呈現(xiàn)),2. The Asian Games, with the theme of “

17、Thrilling games, Harmonious Asia”, lasted from November 12 to 27, 2010.,3. 活動(dòng)意義：增進(jìn)友愛，鼓勵(lì)節(jié)約。受到師生贊揚(yáng)和支持。 (目的的表達(dá)),3. The idea, which is intended to promote friendship and encouraging economy, is highly praised and supported by the teachers and students alike.,4. 說明比賽的意義，如提高英語聽說能力，養(yǎng)成讀書的習(xí)慣等。(目的的表達(dá)),4. The

18、purpose of this English competition is to improve the ability of listening and speaking and form a good habit of reading books.,5. 南極洲（Antarctica）: 地球的最南端（extreme south），世界上最冷的地方。 (同位語),5. Antarctica, the coldest continent in the world, lies in the extreme south of the earth.,6. 將自己的問題告訴老師和同學(xué)，請求得到他們

19、的幫助。(建議的表達(dá)),6. I suggest you communicate your trouble to your teachers and classmates so as to get help from them.,7. 中秋節(jié)簡介: 時(shí)間：每年陰歷八月十五日，是中國最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日之一。(同位語),7. The Mid-autumn Festival, one of the most important traditional festivals in China, falls on August 15th of the lunar calendar every year,8.

20、 孤寡老人乞討的原因：年老、貧窮、殘疾、或不能自食其力。(原因的表達(dá)),8. Some elderly can hardly make a living and go begging due to old age, poverty, disability or physical inability.,9. 男女生在選擇教師為職業(yè)方面的排序差異: 男：50% 女：55% (比例的表達(dá)),9. The survey shows that half of the girls choose “teacher” as their jobs, while 55% of the boys select “b

21、usinessman”.,10. 2010年9月18日下午3點(diǎn)你校在學(xué)校禮堂舉行了成人宣誓儀式(the grown-up ceremony)。,主題：成長、責(zé)任 參加人員：高二師生，全體學(xué)生家長 (主題呈現(xiàn)),10. At 3:00 pm on September 18, 2010, the teachers and students in Senior Three as well as our parents attended the grown-up ceremony held in the school hall, whose theme is “Growth and Responsib

22、ility”.,11. 聽說合考的壞處: 1) 不利于城鄉(xiāng)學(xué)生的公平競爭；2) 增加貧困學(xué)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。(原因的表達(dá)),11. However, others think the listening & speaking test will have some negative effects, saying that it is not a fair competition because urban students usually do better in English listening and speaking than rural students owing to their

23、better learning conditions.,12.中國在廣州亞運(yùn)會(huì)獲得了199枚金牌，在亞洲參賽國中名列第一。(排位的表達(dá)),12. Guangzhou hosted the 16th Asian Games successfully this year and we took the first place in winning gold medals.,13.上海世博會(huì)參觀人數(shù)達(dá)7千2百萬，為歷屆之最。(排位的表達(dá)),13. The number of people visiting Shanghai Expo that started six months ago has s

24、et a new world record as more than 72.6 million visitors visited the expo venues, which ranked first among all the expos.,14. 假設(shè)你是學(xué)校英語報(bào)的小記者，上周以“你支持低碳生活嗎？”為主題對學(xué)校300名學(xué)生進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)查。(主題呈現(xiàn)),14. Last week a survey concerning low-carbon life was carried out among 300 students in our school.,15. 醉酒駕駛的原因: 缺乏安全意識

25、，認(rèn)為喝點(diǎn)酒沒事。但一旦發(fā)生交通事故則后悔莫及。(原因的表達(dá)),15. The lack of safety awareness is the direct reason why there exists so much drunk driving, because some people believe that drinking a little doesnt affect their driving.,16. 人們選擇不去電影院的原因:隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)電影的普及，很多人選擇不去電影院看電影了。(原因的表達(dá)),(1) With the popularity of the network, few

26、people would like to go to the cinema. (2) As the network is becoming more and more popular, people would rather see films on line than go to the cinema. (3) With the network becoming more and more popular, people prefer seeing films to going to the cinema.,17. 專家建議: 家長和學(xué)生在選購文具時(shí)，應(yīng)多從安全健康考慮，盡量避免使用有濃烈香

27、味和刺激性氣味(strong and offensive smells)的文具。(建議的表達(dá)),17. Some experts put forward the suggestion that taking health and safety into more consideration, school children should try to avoid using stationary with strong and offensive smells.,18. 你的看法: 在老師和家長的指導(dǎo)下(under the guidance of sb)購買和使用文具。(觀點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)),18. I

28、t is my belief that we should buy and use stationary under the guidance of the teachers and parents.,19. 個(gè)人簡介：王平、女、18、 高三（3）班 特點(diǎn)：（1）積極參加讀書月各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，酷愛閱讀英文報(bào)刊雜志和原著；（2）習(xí)慣良好，方法得當(dāng)，寫了三本讀書筆記。 (同位語),19. Wang Ping, an 18-year-old girl from Class 3, Senior 3, loves reading books, such as English magazines, newspa

29、pers and even original English novels and has made 3 copies of notes, which shows her proper reading methods and good habit.,20. 基本信息：中學(xué)生吸煙人數(shù)占七分之二，有些甚至偷錢買煙抽。(觀點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)和比例表達(dá)),20. According to Professor Zhang, two-sevenths of the middle school students are smokers, some of whom even steal money to buy ciga

30、rettes.,21. 特別提醒：是藥三分毒，要慎用藥物。(提示的表達(dá)和比例的表達(dá)),21. A famous doctor reminds us that there is one-third of drug poisoning and that we should use medicine carefully.,(同位語呈現(xiàn)和目的的表達(dá)),22.,22. Earth Hour, an annual international event held on the last Saturday of March, asks people to turn off their lights from

31、 8:30 to 9:30 pm of the local time. Its purpose is to raise peoples awareness of the environmental protection and the climate change.,23. 主持人：大山，加拿大人，有豐富的漢語學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(同位語),23. The program is (being) hosted by Da Shan, a Canadian, who has rich experience in learning Chinese and is very popular in our country.,24. 節(jié)目特點(diǎn)：(1)易懂，易學(xué)，生動(dòng)有趣；(2)了解、傳播中國文化。(觀點(diǎn)的呈現(xiàn)和原因的表達(dá)),24. I think you w