1、精品文檔 2018高考英語專題三閱讀理解第三步真題演練4(含答案和解釋) 題型突破(四)推理判斷之細節(jié)推斷題A(2017儀征中學期初考試)Aworld-faouscanadianauthor，argaretAtwood，hascreatedtheworldsfirstlong-distancesigningdevice(裝置)，theLongPen.Afteranytiringbook-signingtoursfrocitytocity，Atwoodthoughtthereustbeabetterwaytodothe.Shehiredsoetechnicalexpertsandstartedh

2、erowncopanyin2004.TogethertheydesignedtheLongPen.Hereshowitworks：Theauthorwritesapersonalessageandsignatureonacoputertablet(手寫板)usingaspecialpen.onthereceivingend，inanothercity，aroboticarfittedwitharegularpensignsthebook.Theauthorandfancantalkwitheachotherviawebcas(網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機)andcoputerscreens.WorkontheL

3、ongPenbeganinAtwoodsbaseent.Atfirst，theyhadnoideaitwouldbeashardasitturnedouttobe.Thedevicewentthroughseveralversions，includingonethatactuallyhadsokecoingoutofit.Theinvestingfinallycopleted，testrunswereadeinottawa，andtheLongPenwasofficiallylaunchedatthe2006LondonBookFair.Frohere，Atwoodconductedtwotr

4、ansatlanticbooksigningsofherlatestbookforfansinTorontoandNewyorkcity.TheLongPenproducesauniquesignatureeachtiebecauseitcopiestheoveentoftheauthorinrealtie.Ithasseveralotherpotentialapplications.Itcouldincreasecreditcardsecurityandallowpeopletosigncontractsfroanotherprovince.Thevideoexchangebetweensi

5、gnerandreceivercanberecordedonDVDforproofwhenlegaldocuentsareused.“Itsreallyfun，”saidtheownerofabookstore，whowaspresentforoneofthetestruns.“obviouslyyoucantshakehandswiththeauthor，buttherearechancesforaconnectionthatyoudontgetfroaregularbooksigning.”Theresponsetotheinventionhasnotbeenallfavorable.At

6、woodhasreceivedcriticisfroauthorswhothinkshestryingtoendbooktours.Butshesaid，“Itwillbepossibletogotoplacesthatyounevergotsenttobeforebecausethepublisherscouldntaffordit.”語篇解讀本文介紹了一種特殊的、可以讓作者在很遠的城市為讀者遠程簽字的簽字筆theLongPen，并介紹了這種發(fā)明的起因以及發(fā)明過程。 1WhatdoweknowabouttheinventionoftheLongPen?AIthasbeencopletedbu

7、tnotputintouse.BThebaseentcaughtfirebyaccident.cSoeversionsfailedbeforeitstestrun.DThedesignerswerewell-preparedforthedifficulty.答案c解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Thedevicewentthroughseveralversions，includingonethatactuallyhadsokecoingoutofit.”可知，這個裝置經(jīng)歷了很多次失敗，最后才發(fā)明成功。故選c。2WhatcouldbeinferredfroParagraphs5and6?ABo

8、okstoreownersdontsupporttheLongPen.BcriticsthinktheLongPenisoflittleuse.cAtwooddoesnteantoendbooktours.DPublishersdisliketheLongPenforitshighcost.答案c解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句“Butshesaid，Itwillbepossibletogotoplacesthatyounevergotsenttobeforebecausethepublisherscouldntaffordit.”可知，她發(fā)明這種簽字筆可以給以前從來沒有去過的地方的讀者簽字

9、，而不是想結(jié)束booktours。故選c。B(2017無錫期中調(diào)研)oneofyfavoriteprofessorsincollegewasaself-confessed(公開承認的)liar.Iguessthatstateentneedsabitofexplanation.ThetopicofcorporateFinance/capitalarketsisaverydryandboringsubjectatter.Drkwaseorablebecauseofsoethingheintroducedatthebeginningofhisfirstclass，“Betweentodayandth

10、eclassrightbeforefinals，Iwillputalieintoeachofylectures.yourjob，asstudents，aongotherthings，istotryandcatchtheLieoftheDay.”Andthenbeganour10-weekcourse.Thiswasabrilliantwaytofocusourattentionbyaskingstudentstochallengehisstateents.Earlyinthequarter，theLieoftheDaywasusuallyobviousiediatelycausingraise

11、dhandstochallengeit.Asthequarterwenton，theLieoftheDaybecaeoresubtle(不易察覺的)，andanyendedupslippingpastoststudentsunnoticeduntilaveryalertpersonstoppedthelecturetoflagit.Everyonceinawhile，alecturewouldendwithnobodycatchingthelie.onthosedays，Drk，lookingquitepleasedwithhiself，wouldsay，“Ahha！Eachofyouhaso

12、nefalsehoodinyourlecturenotes.Discussaongyourselveswhatitightbe，andIwilltellyounextonday.”Thoselecturesforcedustoworkinstudygroupssowecouldapproachhiwithourtheoriesthefollowingweek.Brilliant.butwhatadeDrkstechniquegeniuswas，duringtheosttechnicallydifficultlectureoftheentirequarter，therewasnolie.Atth

13、eendofthelectureinwhichnoliewasfound，heofferedthesaechallengetoworkthroughthenotes.onthefollowingonday，heheardourtheoriesforwhatthefalsehoodightbeforalostteninutesbeforehefinallysaid，“DoyoureeberthefirstlecturehowIsaidthateverylecturehasalie？”Tiredfrohavingourbesttheoriesshotdown，wenodded.“Well，THAT

14、wasalie.ypreviouslecturewascopletelyonthelevel.ButIagladyoureviewedyournotescarefullythisweekend.ovingon.”WhileyknowledgeoftheEconoicsofcapitalarketshasfadedintie，thelessonshavestayedwithe：“Experts”canbewrongandsaythingsthatsoundright，soalwaysevaluatenewinforationandcheckitagainstthingsyoualreadyacc

15、eptasfact.語篇解讀作者上大學時最喜歡的一位教授通過所謂的“當日假話”來使學生在枯燥乏味的學科上集中注意力，激發(fā)他們的學習興趣。雖然作者當時所學的知識已經(jīng)所剩無幾，但這位教授留下的寶貴財富仍讓作者受用無窮。 3TheLieoftheDayisintroducedtoDrksclassbecause.AheisgoodattellingalieBhewantshisstudentstochallengehisauthoritychewantstofindoutwhoisabsent-indedDhetriestoarousehisstudentsinterestinhisboringle

16、cture答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容和第五段第一句可知，k博士將“當日假話”引入課堂的原因是為了讓學生們在課堂上集中注意力，并且激發(fā)他們對枯燥乏味的課程的學習興趣。故選D。4Whatdoweknowabouttheosttechnicallydifficultlectureoftheentirequarter?AItadeallthestudentsfeelboredbutexcited.BItturnedoutthatDrktoldnolieinthelecture.cThelieinitslippedpastwithnobodyfindingit.DStudentsreasone

17、dwithDrkabouthistheoriesafterclass.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第九段第一句可知，結(jié)果證明，k博士在整個學季最難的那堂課上沒有說假話。故選B。5Frothelastparagraphwecanlearnthat.AweshouldbecriticaltotheinforationprovidedforusBitisaustthatweavoidliesinourdailylifecstudentscandropsoecoursesbecausetheyareboringDwecanusecreativetechniquestoakecourseslivelyan

18、dinteresting答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，“專家”說的未必正確，所以我們要養(yǎng)成審視新信息的習慣，并且批判地對待提供給我們的信息。故選A。c(2017姜堰、如東、沭陽、前黃中學二模)AchanceeetingbetweentwoenwhorealizedtheyhadbothbeenabusedinthesaeSurreychildrenscarehoehasledtoacapaignthathasseenhundredsofforerresidentsclaiingtheywerealsovictisofphysical，eotionalandsexualabus

19、e.usicproducerRayondStevenson，physicallyabusedduringhistieattheShirleyoakshoeinthe70s，etachildhoodfriendlastyearwhorevealedhedbeenabusedintheinstitution.Withinafewonths，theShirleyoaksSurvivorsAssociation(SoSA)washundredsstrong.ThesouthLondonproductionoffice，frowhereStevensonprootedusicstarslikejessi

20、ej，nowlooksorelikeapoliceincidentroo.Aaponthewallincludesdetailsofstateentsfrohundredsofforerresidents，suggestingphysicalandeotionalabusewasroutineatanyofthehousesonthe72-acreShirleyoakssite.“Wehavebeenincontactwithover300peopleandthestorieswearegettingarejustterrible，”Stevensonsays.“Everytieweinter

21、viewsoeoneandhearaboutwhathappenedtothe，itbringstearstooureyes.Relivingsoeofthehorrorstheywentthroughhasntbeeneasy.”TherehavebeentwoajorpoliceinvestigationsintoabuseatchildrenshoesinSouthLondonandthreepeopleincludingaswiinginstructor，WilliaHook，havebeencondenedforoffencesrelatingtoShirleyoaks.Anothe

22、roperationiscurrentlyon-going，butSoSAhavelostfaithintheauthoritieswhotheyclaihavecoveredupthewholepictureofabuseinShirleyoaks.“Wedonttrusttheandthatswhywehavedecidedtodothiscapaignourselves，”Stevensonexplains.TheShirleyoakscapaignersarepartofawiderphenoenon“survivor”activisthatischangingthebalanceof

23、powerinrelationtochildabuse.Whereoncevictiswereignoredorsilenced，nowtheyarecoingtogether，oftenthroughthesocialedia，foringsupportgroupsandbuildinganincreaseofnoisethattheauthoritiesareforcedtoacknowledge.Acoupleofweeksago，dozensofforerShirleyoaksresidentscrowdedintoaLabethcouncileetingtheauthoritywhi

24、chranthehoeuntilitsclosureintheid-1980s.councilloraftercouncillorspokeoftheirshaeatwhathadbeenallowedtohappentochildrenintheircare.Aongthecrowdwastheaward-winningauthorAlexWheatlewhohaswrittenabouttheabusehesufferedasachildatShirleyoaks.“Wehavenotcoehere，togotowarwiththecouncil；wehavecoeheretogainyo

25、ursupport，”Wheatletoldtheeeting.TheShirleyoaksassociationisdoingorethancopilingevidence.Itisusingusictopressitscase.Asongentitled“DontTouchItItsine”includespersonaltestiony(證詞)frovictis.“Iwasabusedentally，physically，eotionallyandviolently，”thetrackbegins.“oftheoriginal16ofus,12havekilledtheselves.”“

26、Werenotgoingtobetoldliesanyore，”Stevensonexplains.“Wearenotgoingtoleaveitinthehandsoflawyers，politiciansorcouncilofficialstotelluswhathappenedtous.Wewanttodiscoveritourselvesandweknowusicanddanceandpoetryarewaysthatcantellagreaterstory.”語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了由受害人成立的“SoSA協(xié)會”揭露了在過去的幾十年里，英國福利院Shirleyoaks中曾

27、有上百名兒童遭到虐待這一駭人聽聞的事件。 6WhywasSoSAsetup?AToshowsypathyfortheabusedchildreninsociety.BTorevealtheabuseatachildrenscarehoe.cTofindthelivingvictisfroacarehoe.DToaidthosepeopleabusedatayoungage.答案B解析推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，上百名曾經(jīng)在福利院里待過的人都聲稱他們是受害者，并成立了Shirleyoaks幸存者協(xié)會(SoSA)。該協(xié)會成員通過采訪受害者，以創(chuàng)作音樂的形式來揭示真相。由此推斷，SoSA的成立是為了揭

28、露福利院虐待兒童的事。故選B項。7Thecrieagainstchildrenwasnotknowntothepublicintie，because.AthepolicerefusedtolookintoitBthecasewasignoredforabsenceofevidencecthesituationofabusewasnotseriousDthevictiswereforcedtokeepitsecret答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段第二句中的“Whereoncevictiswereignoredorsilenced”可知，這一罪行未被公布于眾的原因是受害者被忽視或受到壓制。故選D

29、項。8Frothepassage，wecantell.AtheforerlocalauthoritiesusthaveneglectedtheirdutyBtwelveofthesixteenchildrenwerekilledinShirleyoakscallthepeoplecoittingoffencesinShirleyoakshavebeenarrestedDtheforervictisdependuchonthepoliceforinvestigation答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段第二句“councilloraftercouncillorspokeoftheirshaea

30、twhathadbeenallowedtohappentochildrenintheircare.”可以推斷，當年的管理機構(gòu)并沒有很好地履行他們的職責。故選A項。9capaignersofSoSAhavetakentheactionof.AcollectingevidenceforthepoliceBcreatingusicforthecapaigncgoingtowarwiththegovernentDturningtolawyersforassistance答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二、三句“Itisusingusictopressitscase.AsongentitledDo

31、ntTouchItItsineincludespersonaltestiony(證詞)frovictis.”和最后一段最后一句“Wewanttodiscoveritourselvesandweknowusicanddanceandpoetryarewaysthatcantellagreaterstory.”可知，SoSA的成員采取創(chuàng)作音樂的形式來揭示真相、表達自己。故選B項。D(2017蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模)Areyouadifferentpersonwhenyouspeakaforeignlanguage？ThatsjustoneofthequestionstheNewyorkerswriter

32、andnativeNorthcarolinianLaurencollinsexploresinherautobiography，abouthertougheffortstoasterFrenchafterarryingaFrenchanwhosenaeoliviershecouldntevenpronounceproperly.WheninFrenchrangesfrothehuorouslypersonalstorytoadeeperlookatvarioustheoriesoflanguageacquisitionandlinguistics(語言學)ThecoupleetinLondon

33、“onoreorlessneutralground：hiscontinent，ylanguage”ButthebalanceshiftedwhentheyovedtoGenevaforolivierswork.Thenorallyvolublecollinsfoundherselfataloss“nearlyspeechless”Thelanguagebarrier，andherdependenceonherhusbandforsiplethingslikebuyingtherightcutofeatworsenedherixedfeelingsabout“unlovely，butnotrid

34、iculous”Geneva.Shecoents，“Language，asuchasland，isaplace.Tobecutofffroitistobe，inasense，hoeless.”Hersenseofalienation(疏離感)leadstoanexainationofAericasiserablerecordwhenitcoestoforeignlanguages.“LinguistscallAericathegraveyardoflanguagesbecauseofitssingularabilitytotakeinillionsofiigrantsandaketheirna

35、tivelanguagesdieoutinafewgenerations，”collinswrites.EducatedinWilington，N.c.，andatPrinceton，shecouldlikethevastajorityofAericansonlyspeaktheirothertongue.EightonthsaftersheovedtoSwitzerland，collinsgivesuponthenaturalacquisitionoflanguageandfinallyattendsaFrenchcourse.Asshestruggleswithgraarandvocabu

36、lary，collinsnotessartlythatvert(green)，verre(glass)，ver(wor)，vers(toward)，andvair(squirrel)coposeaquintuplehoony(同形異義)“Althoughitsdifficult，F(xiàn)renchcanbetried，”shesays.FrenchisactuallyconsideredaongtheeasiestlanguagesforanEnglishspeakertolearn，especiallycoparedtoArabicorandarinchinese.collins，whosenot

37、ablyrichEnglishvocabularyincludesglossolalia(nonsensespeech)andshibboleth(catchwordorslogan)，findsplentyofterrificFrenchwordstolove.Shewrites，“Englishisatrustfund，anunearnedinheritance(遺產(chǎn))，butIveworkedforeverybitofFrenchIvebanked.”UnlikejhupaLahiri，whobecaesohookedonItalianandusedittowriteInotherWor

38、ds，collinssgoalsforlearningFrenchwereoreodest，“IwantedtospeakFrenchandtosoundlikeNorthcarolina.”Shealsowantedtobeabletodealwithchineysweepsandbutchers，counicatewithherin-laws，and“totoucholivierinhisownlanguage”SheaditsthatshefeelsdifferentspeakingFrench，“Itsausterity(樸素)adeefeeloreconfused.”Readersl

39、ookingfortheroanticsparkofclassiccross-culturallovestoriesfeaturinganoutgoingAericanandashyFrenchanwillfindflashesofithere.AongtheanyculturaldifferencesthecoupleargueoverareherenthusiasticAericanhabitofapplyingtheverb“l(fā)ove”toexpressenthusiasforshoes，strawberries，andhusbandsalike.Buttheresfaroretocol

40、linssbookthanfantasticcoedy，andthosewhohaveweatheredlinguisticcrossingstheselvestendtofindparticularresonance(共鳴)initsinquiryintolanguage，identity，andtransculturaltranslation.Arrangedbychaptersnaedforverbtenses，WheninFrenchworksitswayfroThePastPerfect(Leplus-que-parfait)toThePresent(LePrsent)andThec

41、onditional(Leconditionnel)collinsendsonadelightfulnotewithLeFuturfittingforanewotherabouttoovewithherhard-wonFrenchhusband，F(xiàn)renchlanguage，andSwiss-borndaughtertotheFrench-speakingcityofherdreas，Paris.語篇解讀本文是說明文，主要介紹了Laurencollins的自傳WheninFrench的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。 10WhichofthefollowingstateentsisTRUEaboutWheninFr

42、ench?AItdescribeshowostAericanpeoplelearnFrench.BItintroducesavarietyoftheoriesaboutFrenchlearning.cTheauthortellsherexperiencesinaseriousway.DThebookoffersatraditionalwayoflearningaforeignlanguage.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話中的“.adeeperlookatvarioustheoriesoflanguageacquisitionandlinguistics(語言學)”可知，Wheni

43、nFrench探討了語言習得的不同理論和語言學。11Whichofthefollowinghastheclosesteaningtotheunderlinedword“voluble”inParagraph2?AGraceful.BDependent.cTalkative.DEnergetic.答案c解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“norally”和“nearlyspeechless”可知，通常情況下，Laurencollins是很健談的，但是在新的環(huán)境中她因為語言不通而感到不知所措，幾乎說不出話。由此可知，voluble表示的應(yīng)是與speechless相反的意思。12Whydoling

44、uistscallAerica“thegraveyardoflanguages”？ABecauseotherlanguagesareprohibitedinAerica.BBecauseonlyEnglish-speakingpeoplecaniigrateintoAerica.cBecauseiigrantsnativelanguagescontradictEnglishinAerica.DBecauseAericancultureswallowsupiigrantsnativelanguagesgradually.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“itssingularabilitytotakeinillionsofiigrantsandaketheirnativelanguagesdieoutinafewge