1、,虛擬語氣,一 往前退一個時態(tài)：表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；表示與過去事實相反用過去完成式,簡單的歸納,1. 用于if條件狀語從句中:,did/were,would/should/could/ might +do,had done,would/should/could/ might+ have done,1.should do 2.were to do 3.did / were,would/should/could/might +do,=even if/ though,even if/ even though = if 條件,I will visit you tonight even tho

2、ugh I am ill. 即使他在這他也幫不了你 ( 他不在這） Even though he were here , he couldnt help you . 即使我當時做的更好，他也不會表揚我 Even though I had done better then, he wouldnt have praised me,（1） 介詞短語without/with/but for 構(gòu)成虛擬。(but for要不是),Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldn

3、t have finished the work With a lot of money, I would buy an expensive house.,（2） or , otherwise否則，要不然 but I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (連詞) I would have given you mo

4、re help, but I was too busy.,If I hadnt been ill that day,If he hadnt telephoned to,If I hadnt been too busy,2虛擬語氣在 wish/ if only 后的賓語從句中應用,as if /though + 從句 She loves the baby as if it were her son. They talked as if they had been friends for years.,3 would rather (that )-,現(xiàn)在： 過去： 未來：,I would rath

5、er you paid me now. (現(xiàn)在),I would rather you had gone yesterday. (過去),Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未來),did,did,had done,4 Its (high/about ) time (that) 該 結(jié)構(gòu)虛擬,should (不?。?+V.,過去時,我們該睡覺了。,Its high time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,二 表示說話人的要求、建議、命令時，常用(should

6、) do 表示虛擬形式,名詞性從句的虛擬語氣。 (should） + do 虛擬式,賓語從句。常見動詞： 一個安排：arrange 兩個命令：order, command 三個建議： advise, suggest, propose 六個要求：require, request, demand , desire prefer insist,The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.,Toms pale face suggests that he _ (be）ill ， so we suggest tha

7、t he _ (have ) a good rest.,The boss insisted that he _(steal) things in the shop and that he _ (leave) the shop at once.,is,should have,stole,should leave,2 以上動詞的過去分詞用于主語從句中 It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted that + (should) do,Its suggested that the plan be

8、 carried out.,3、以上動詞相應的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句）也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣 (should) +do 虛擬式。 order, command , advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, requirement ,desire,Its my advicesuggestion that the plan be carried out. My demand requirement is that she should come to see me once a week.,4）I

9、ts necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that It is a pity /shame / no wonder that 從句中的動詞可用虛擬，即(should)+動詞原形 ( 表示驚奇，惋惜，理應如此 等口氣）,1. It is strange that she (should) eat so much . 2. Its a pity that we should quit the game. 3 It is necessary that you should recite the new words in time,（5） In case should +do,I will carry an umbrella in case it should rain .,三 情態(tài)動詞 + have done 虛擬式,表對過去的事虛擬 Should/shouldnt have done = ought to have done / oughtnt to have done need/ neednt have done Would have done Could have done 表對過去的推測 Couldnt /cant have done Must have done Might