1、中考復(fù)習(xí)：主謂一致 主謂一致是指：1） 語法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。2） 意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。3） 就近原則，即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如：There is much water in the thermos.但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.英語句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞必須同主語的人稱和數(shù)一致，這是英語學(xué)習(xí)者眾所周知的，也是各項(xiàng)英語統(tǒng)考中的一

2、個(gè)考查要點(diǎn)。然而在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，因無法確定主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，造成主謂不一致的情況時(shí)有發(fā)生。為此本文對主謂一致關(guān)系中的幾個(gè)規(guī)律作一歸納。1以單數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式短語，動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語等，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)；主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，“the 形容詞”，“few”，“both”，“few of 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，“both of名詞復(fù)數(shù)”等，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。What he thinks has been clearly reflected in his paperFew people have seen such splendid streetsIn this country，the old are w

3、ell cared for and the young well educatedAnyone caught littering the highways is subject to a large fine in that country2由with，along with，like，accompanied by，except，besides，as well as，together with，in addition to，including，no less than，rather than，as much as等引起的結(jié)構(gòu)跟在主語后面，該主語不受這些修飾詞的影響。The teacher，as

4、well as a number of students，was asked to attend the partyThe father，rather than the brothers，is responsible for the accidentHer brother no less than you is wrong（跟你一樣，她哥哥錯(cuò)了。）No one，besides Linda and Cathy，is willing to help the naughty boy3由and或bothand連接的并列主語其謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)，但要注意下列情況：1）當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)名詞指同一人、同一事或

5、同一概念時(shí)，and后面那個(gè)名詞前沒有冠詞，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again（我最好的朋友兼顧問又改變了他的主意。）Playing the piano and singing simultaneously is difficultIf law and order is not preserved，neither the citizen nor his property is safe（如果不維護(hù)法律和秩序，公民的人身和財(cái)產(chǎn)都不安全。）2）用and連接的單數(shù)名詞，前面有each， every，many a

6、，no修飾語時(shí)，謂語要用單數(shù)。Every man，woman，and child in this community is now aware of the terrible consequences of the habit of smokingMany a boy and many a girl has seen itNo teacher and no student is admitted3）“名詞andnot名詞”或者“名詞，not名詞”組成的主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)與前面的名詞一致。The farmer and not the city dweller is hurt when

7、food prices fallI, not you, am to blame（I am to blame，not you）4不同人稱同位，謂語動(dòng)詞與第一個(gè)人稱一致。I, your teacher, have granted you a request5主語由連詞：or，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut（also）等連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞組成，其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與毗鄰的名詞一致。Either John or his sisters are to blameNot only the children，but also the mother is ill6集合名詞people

8、，police，cattle等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。有些集合名詞如： army，class，club，committee，crowd， crew ，family，gang，herd, jury，public， majority，minority，team，congress，assembly，band等作主語時(shí)，如強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Extra police are needed hereThe jury is going to give its（not their） verdict（做出裁決）in the murder caseThe jury have

9、different opinions about the verdict in the murder case（陪審團(tuán)成員對這起謀殺案的裁決有不同的意見。）The majority were（was）in favour of the proposal注意：“the majority of”后只能跟復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The majority of boys like playing football7有些名詞總是以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，使用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。這類名詞有clothes， goods，trousers，pants，scissors，spectacles，remains，wag

10、es，thanks等。Her clothes are made by herself8有些名詞形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義為單數(shù)，作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。這類名詞有以-s結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科、專業(yè)、疾病等術(shù)語及其他名詞。如：economics，linguistics， physics，measles（麻疹），mathematics，news，works，brains（智慧）etcPolitics is more difficult than physics注意：有的以-ics結(jié)尾的名詞表示具體意義時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。What are your politics？（你的政見如何？）9有些復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如

11、：means， headquarters，odds，amends（賠償），pains， tidings（消息）單復(fù)數(shù)相同，作主語時(shí)，謂語要酌情而定。What is the odds？（odds matter）All possible means have been adoptedGreat pains have（has）been taken（費(fèi)了很大的勁。）Much pains has been taken（費(fèi)盡心機(jī)）10表示重量，度量，衡量，價(jià)值，時(shí)間的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語作主語，謂語常用單數(shù)。Fifteen minutes seems a long time for one who waitsA

12、 hundred and thirty dollars is a reasonable price for that fur coat11書名，報(bào)刊名，地名，國名，建筑物和機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱即使以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)。New York Times reports that at the massacre in Ahmici 103 Muslims，including 33 women and children，were killedThe United States is in North America“The Virginians”is a good story12定語從句的謂語應(yīng)與先

13、行詞一致。Roy is among the athletes who have competed in the Olympics注意：當(dāng)“one of 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，要非常小心。Hill is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group在被選為小組代表成員的人中，希爾是其中之一。He is the only one of the boys who knows the secret在男孩中，他是唯一知道這個(gè)秘密的人。13“more（less）than 數(shù)詞”短語作主語，謂語可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)，視情況而定。More th

14、an one has found it soThere was less than sixty there （著重指抽象的數(shù)目）There were fewer than sixty there（暗示具體的事物）14“（the）part of n”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)，但強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。The greatest part of these years was spent on studyThe greatest part of the population are illiterate15“a pair of 名詞復(fù)數(shù)（gloves shoessocksscissorstrousers，etc

15、）”，“the number of 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A pair of scissors has been boughtThe number of students was small而“a couple ofa score ofdozen of a number of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一律用復(fù)數(shù)。A couple of rabbits have been caughtThere come a score of peopleDozens of them have been sent to work in the strip mineA number of stude

16、nts were sick16“all（some，none，most）of”“the rest”作主語，要酌情而定，謂語既可用單數(shù)又可用復(fù)數(shù)。None of the passengers were aware of the danger（側(cè)重全體）None of my friends has ever been to Paris（側(cè)重個(gè)體）Most of the apples were rottenMost of the apple was eaten by a ratAlthough the first part is easy，the rest is（are）difficult17“one

17、 or two 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，“one or m ore 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)?！癮單數(shù)名詞or two”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。There are one or two subjects to chooseOnly a word or two is（are）needed here主謂一致的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納 主謂一致的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納 不定式短語、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或名詞性從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Remember /To remember English words is not easy. 記英語單詞不容易。Who will do the job hasnt been d

18、ecided yet. 誰來做這項(xiàng)工作還沒決定。注：what引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，如果其表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：What he took with him were two books. 他帶去的是兩本書?！懊~或代詞+由with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, but ,except, including, in addition to, like, no less than, rather than等引起的短語”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致。如：Mr Li together with his tw

19、o sons has gone to the cinema. 李先生和他的兩個(gè)兒子看電影去了。No one except the two boys was late for class. 除了兩個(gè)男孩外，沒有一個(gè)人遲到。Li Ming, rather than his classmates, has let out the secret. 是李明透露了那個(gè)消息而不是他的同學(xué)透露的?！癿ore than one/many a + 單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：More than one person has known it. 不止一個(gè)人知道這件事。Many a worker was killed in the accident. 在這個(gè)事故中死了許多工人。注：“More+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 than one”作主語，謂語則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：More persons than one have known i