1、初中數(shù)學(xué)詞匯- 11 -第 11 頁(yè) 共 11 頁(yè)數(shù)學(xué) mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE) 公理 axiom定理 theorem計(jì)算 calculation運(yùn)算 operation證明 prove假設(shè) hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命題 proposition算術(shù) arithmetic加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加數(shù) augend, summand加數(shù) addend和 sum減 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被減數(shù) minuend 減數(shù)

2、 subtrahend差 remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘數(shù) multiplicand, faciend乘數(shù) multiplicator積 product除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除數(shù) dividend除數(shù) divisor商 quotient等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于 is greater than小于 is lesser than大于等于 is equal or greater than

3、小于等于 is equal or lesser than運(yùn)算符 operator數(shù)字 digit數(shù) number自然數(shù) natural number整數(shù) integer小數(shù) decimal小數(shù)點(diǎn) decimal point分?jǐn)?shù) fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator比 ratio正 positive負(fù) negative零 null, zero, nought, nil十進(jìn)制 decimal system二進(jìn)制 binary system十六進(jìn)制 hexadecimal system權(quán) weight, significance進(jìn)位 carry截尾 truncatio

4、n四舍五入 round下舍入 round down上舍入 round up有效數(shù)字 significant digit無(wú)效數(shù)字 insignificant digit代數(shù) algebra公式 formula, formulae(pl.)單項(xiàng)式 monomial多項(xiàng)式 polynomial, multinomial系數(shù) coefficient未知數(shù)unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor等式，方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation二次方程 quadratic equation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quartic

5、 equation不等式 inequation階乘 factorial對(duì)數(shù) logarithm指數(shù)，冪 exponent乘方 power二次方，平方 square三次方，立方 cube四次方 the power of four, the fourth powern次方 the power of n, the nth power開(kāi)方 evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根 square root三次方根，立方根 cube root四次方根 the root of four, the fourth rootn次方根 the root of n, the nth root集合 a

6、ggregate元素 element空集 void子集 subset交集 intersection并集 union補(bǔ)集 complement映射 mapping函數(shù) function定義域 domain, field of definition值域 range常量 constant變量 variable單調(diào)性 monotonicity奇偶性 parity周期性 periodicity圖象 image數(shù)列，級(jí)數(shù) series微積分 calculus微分 differential導(dǎo)數(shù) derivative 極限 limit無(wú)窮大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.)無(wú)窮小 infin

7、itesimal積分 integral定積分 definite integral不定積分 indefinite integral有理數(shù) rational number無(wú)理數(shù) irrational number實(shí)數(shù) real number虛數(shù) imaginary number復(fù)數(shù) complex number矩陣 matrix行列式 determinant幾何 geometry點(diǎn) point線 line面 plane體 solid線段 segment射線 radial平行 parallel相交 intersect角 angle角度 degree弧度 radian銳角 acute angle直角

8、right angle鈍角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle周角 perigon底 base邊 side高 height三角形 triangle銳角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 right triangle直角邊 leg斜邊 hypotenuse勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem鈍角三角形 obtuse triangle不等邊三角形 scalene triangle等腰三角形 isosceles triangle等邊三角形 equilateral triangle四邊形 quadrilateral平行四邊形 parallelogram矩

9、形 rectangle長(zhǎng) length寬 width菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond正方形 square梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 right trapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid五邊形 pentagon六邊形 hexagon七邊形 heptagon八邊形 octagon九邊形 enneagon十邊形 decagon十一邊形 hendecagon十二邊形 dodecagon多邊形 polygon正多邊形 equilateral polygon圓 circle圓心 centre(BrE), center(AmE)半徑

10、 radius直徑 diameter圓周率 pi弧 arc半圓 semicircle扇形 sector環(huán) ring橢圓 ellipse圓周 circumference周長(zhǎng) perimeter面積 area軌跡 locus, loca(pl.)相似 similar全等 congruent四面體 tetrahedron五面體 pentahedron六面體 hexahedron平行六面體 parallelepiped立方體 cube七面體 heptahedron八面體 octahedron九面體 enneahedron十面體 decahedron十一面體 hendecahedron十二面體 dode

11、cahedron二十面體 icosahedron多面體 polyhedron棱錐 pyramid棱柱 prism棱臺(tái) frustum of a prism旋轉(zhuǎn) rotation軸 axis圓錐 cone圓柱 cylinder圓臺(tái) frustum of a cone球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面積 surface area體積 volume空間 space坐標(biāo)系 coordinates坐標(biāo)軸 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis橫坐標(biāo) x-coordinate縱坐標(biāo) y-coordinate原點(diǎn) origin雙曲線 hyperbola拋物線

12、parabola三角 trigonometry正弦 sine余弦 cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割 secant余割 cosecant反正弦 arc sine反余弦 arc cosine反正切 arc tangent反余切 arc cotangent反正割 arc secant反余割 arc cosecant相位 phase周期 period振幅 amplitude內(nèi)心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心 orthoc

13、entre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)內(nèi)切圓 inscribed circle外切圓 circumcircle統(tǒng)計(jì) statistics平均數(shù) average加權(quán)平均數(shù) weighted average方差 variance標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation比例 propotion百分比 percent百分點(diǎn) percentage百分位數(shù) percentile排列 permutation組合 combination概率，或然率 probabil

14、ity分布 distribution正態(tài)分布 normal distribution非正態(tài)分布 abnormal distribution圖表 graph條形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 bar graph柱形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 histogram折線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 broken line graph曲線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 curve diagram扇形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 pie diagram數(shù)學(xué)公式的英文讀法&數(shù)學(xué)英文詞匯1.Logic there exist for all pq p implies q / if p, then q pq p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are eq

15、uivalent 2.Sets xA x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A xA x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A AB A is contained in B / A is a subset of B AB A contains B / B is a subset of A AB A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B AB A cup B / A join B / A union B AB A m

16、inus B / the diference between A and B AB A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B 3. Real numbers x+1 x plus one x-1 x minus one x1 x plus or minus one xy xy / x multiplied by y (x - y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus y x y x over y = the equals sign x = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5 x5 x (is) not eq

17、ual to 5 xy x is equivalent to (or identical with) y x y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y x y x is greater than y xy x is greater than or equal to y x y x is less than y xy x is less than or equal to y 0 x 1 zero is less than x is less than 1 0x1 zero is less than or equal to x is less t

18、han or equal to 1 | x | mod x / modulus x x 2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2 x 3 x cubed x 4 x to the fourth / x to the power four x n x to the nth / x to the power n x n x to the (power) minus n x (square) root x / the square root of x x 3 cube root (of) x x 4 fourth root (of) x x n nth root

19、 (of) x ( x+y ) 2 x plus y all squared ( x y ) 2 x over y all squared n! n factorial x x hat x x bar x x tilde x i xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i i=1 n a i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i 4. Linear algebra x the norm (or modulus) of x OA OA /

20、vector OA OA OA / the length of the segment OA A T A transpose / the transpose of A A 1 A inverse / the inverse of A 5. Functions f( x ) fx / f of x / the function f of x f:ST a function f from S to T xy x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y f( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of

21、 f with respect to x f( x ) f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to x f( x ) triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x f (4) ( x ) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x f x 1 the partial (derivative) of f

22、with respect to x1 2 f x 1 2 the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1 0 the integral from zero to infinity lim x0 the limit as x approaches zero lim x 0 + the limit as x approaches zero from above lim x 0 the limit as x approaches zero from below log e y log y to the base e / log to t

23、he base e of y / natural log (of) y lny log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y 一般詞匯 數(shù)學(xué) mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE) 公理 axiom 定理 theorem 計(jì)算 calculation 運(yùn)算 operation 證明 prove 假設(shè) hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.) 命題 proposition 算術(shù) arithmetic 加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n

24、.) 被加數(shù) augend, summand 加數(shù) addend 和 sum 減 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) 被減數(shù) minuend 減數(shù) subtrahend 差 remainder 乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘數(shù) multiplicand, faciend 乘數(shù) multiplicator 積 product 除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.) 被除數(shù) dividend 除數(shù) divisor 商 quot

25、ient 等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to 大于 is greater than 小于 is lesser than 大于等于 is equal or greater than 小于等于 is equal or lesser than 運(yùn)算符 operator 數(shù)字 digit 數(shù) number 自然數(shù) natural number 整數(shù) integer 小數(shù) decimal 小數(shù)點(diǎn) decimal point 分?jǐn)?shù) fraction 分子 numerator 分母 denominator 比 ratio 正 positive 負(fù) negativ

26、e 零 null, zero, nought, nil 十進(jìn)制 decimal system 二進(jìn)制 binary system 十六進(jìn)制 hexadecimal system 權(quán) weight, significance 進(jìn)位 carry 截尾 truncation 四舍五入 round 下舍入 round down 上舍入 round up 有效數(shù)字 significant digit 無(wú)效數(shù)字 insignificant digit 代數(shù) algebra 公式 formula, formulae(pl.) 單項(xiàng)式 monomial 多項(xiàng)式 polynomial, multinomial

27、系數(shù) coefficient 未知數(shù) unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式 equation 一次方程 simple equation 二次方程 quadratic equation 三次方程 cubic equation 四次方程 quartic equation 不等式 inequation 階乘 factorial 對(duì)數(shù) logarithm 指數(shù)，冪 exponent 乘方 power 二次方，平方 square 三次方，立方 cube 四次方 the power of four, the fourth power n次方 the po

28、wer of n, the nth power 開(kāi)方 evolution, extraction 二次方根，平方根 square root 三次方根，立方根 cube root 四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root n次方根 the root of n, the nth root 集合 aggregate 元素 element 空集 void 子集 subset 交集 intersection 并集 union 補(bǔ)集 complement 映射 mapping 函數(shù) function 定義域 domain, field of definition 值域

29、range 常量 constant 變量 variable 單調(diào)性 monotonicity 奇偶性 parity 周期性 periodicity 圖象 image 數(shù)列，級(jí)數(shù) series 微積分 calculus 微分 differential 導(dǎo)數(shù) derivative 極限 limit 無(wú)窮大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.) 無(wú)窮小 infinitesimal 積分 integral 定積分 definite integral 不定積分 indefinite integral 有理數(shù) rational number 無(wú)理數(shù) irrational number 實(shí)數(shù)

30、real number 虛數(shù) imaginary number 復(fù)數(shù) complex number 矩陣 matrix 行列式 determinant 幾何 geometry 點(diǎn) point 線 line 面 plane 體 solid 線段 segment 射線 radial 平行 parallel 相交 intersect 角 angle 角度 degree 弧度 radian 銳角 acute angle 直角 right angle 鈍角 obtuse angle 平角 straight angle 周角 perigon 底 base 邊 side 高 height 三角形 trian

31、gle 銳角三角形 acute triangle 直角三角形 right triangle 直角邊 leg 斜邊 hypotenuse 勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem 鈍角三角形 obtuse triangle 不等邊三角形 scalene triangle 等腰三角形 isosceles triangle 等邊三角形 equilateral triangle 四邊形 quadrilateral 平行四邊形 parallelogram 矩形 rectangle 長(zhǎng) length 寬 width 菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正

32、方形 square 梯形 trapezoid 直角梯形 right trapezoid 等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid 五邊形 pentagon 六邊形 hexagon 七邊形 heptagon 八邊形 octagon 九邊形 enneagon 十邊形 decagon 十一邊形 hendecagon 十二邊形 dodecagon 多邊形 polygon 正多邊形 equilateral polygon 圓 circle 圓心 centre(BrE), center(AmE) 半徑 radius 直徑 diameter 圓周率 pi 弧 arc 半圓semicircle 扇形

33、sector 環(huán) ring 橢圓 ellipse 圓周 circumference 周長(zhǎng) perimeter 面積 area 軌跡 locus, loca(pl.) 相似 similar 全等 congruent 四面體 tetrahedron 五面體 pentahedron 六面體 hexahedron 平行六面體 parallelepiped 立方體 cube 七面體 heptahedron 八面體 octahedron 九面體 enneahedron 十面體 decahedron 十一面體 hendecahedron 十二面體 dodecahedron 二十面體 icosahedron

34、多面體 polyhedron 棱錐 pyramid 棱柱 prism 棱臺(tái) frustum of a prism 旋轉(zhuǎn) rotation 軸 axis 圓錐 cone 圓柱 cylinder 圓臺(tái) frustum of a cone 球 sphere 半球 hemisphere 底面 undersurface 表面積 surface area 體積 volume 空間 space 坐標(biāo)系 coordinates 坐標(biāo)軸 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 橫坐標(biāo) x-coordinate 縱坐標(biāo) y-coordinate 原點(diǎn) origin 雙曲線 hyperbola 拋物線 par

35、abola 三角 trigonometry 正弦 sine 余弦 cosine 正切 tangent 余切 cotangent 正割 secant 余割 cosecant 反正弦 arc sine 反余弦 arc cosine 反正切 arc tangent 反余切 arc cotangent 反正割 arc secant 反余割 arc cosecant 相位 phase 周期 period 振幅 amplitude 內(nèi)心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE) 外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE) 旁心 escentre(BrE), escent

36、er(AmE) 垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE) 重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE) 內(nèi)切圓 inscribed circle 外切圓 circumcircle 統(tǒng)計(jì) statistics 平均數(shù) average 加權(quán)平均數(shù) weighted average 方差 variance 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 比例 propotion 百分比 percent 百分點(diǎn) percentage 百分位數(shù) percentile 排列 permutati

37、on 組合 combination 概率，或然率 probability 分布 distribution 正態(tài)分布 normal distribution 非正態(tài)分布 abnormal distribution 圖表 graph 條形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 bar graph 柱形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 histogram 折線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖broken line graph 曲線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 curve diagram 扇形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 pie diagram 專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)詞匯 代數(shù)部分1.有關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算add，plus加subtract減difference差multiply,times乘product積divide除 divisible可被整除

38、的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除數(shù)，紅利divisor因子，除數(shù)quotient商 remainder余數(shù)factorial階乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根號(hào)roundto四舍五入 tothenearest四舍五入2.有關(guān)集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集3.有關(guān)代數(shù)式、方程和不等式algebraic term代數(shù)項(xiàng)like terms,similar terms同類項(xiàng)numerical coefficient數(shù)字系數(shù)literal coefficient字母系數(shù)inequality不等式triang

39、le inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程，等價(jià)方程linear equation線性方程(e.g.5?x?+6=22)4.有關(guān)分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)proper fraction真分?jǐn)?shù)improper fraction假分?jǐn)?shù)mixed number帶分?jǐn)?shù)vulgar fraction，common fraction普通分?jǐn)?shù)simple fraction簡(jiǎn)分?jǐn)?shù)complex fraction繁分?jǐn)?shù)numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator（最?。┕帜竡ua

40、rter四分之一decimal fraction純小數(shù)infinite decimal無(wú)窮小數(shù)recurring decimal循環(huán)小數(shù)tenthsunit十分位5.基本數(shù)學(xué)概念arithmetic mean算術(shù)平均值weighted average加權(quán)平均值geometric mean幾何平均數(shù)exponent指數(shù)，冪base乘冪的底數(shù),底邊cube立方數(shù)，立方體square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用對(duì)數(shù)digit數(shù)字constant常數(shù)variable變量inversefunction反函數(shù) complementary function余函

41、數(shù)linear一次的，線性的factorization因式分解absolute value絕對(duì)值，e.g.-32=32round off四舍五入6.有關(guān)數(shù)論natural number自然數(shù)positive number正數(shù)negative number負(fù)數(shù)odd integer,odd number奇數(shù)even integer,even numbe偶數(shù)integer,whole number整數(shù)positive whole number正整數(shù)negative whole number負(fù)整數(shù)consecutive number連續(xù)整數(shù)real number,rational number實(shí)數(shù),

42、有理數(shù)irrational（number）無(wú)理數(shù)inverse倒數(shù)composite number合數(shù)e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15prime number質(zhì)數(shù)e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15注意：所有的質(zhì)數(shù)(2除外)都是奇數(shù)，但奇數(shù)不一定是質(zhì)數(shù)reciprocal倒數(shù) common divisor公約數(shù)multiple倍數(shù)(least)common multiple(最小)公倍數(shù)(prime)factor(質(zhì))因子common factor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十進(jìn)制nonnegative非負(fù)的tens十位units個(gè)位mode眾數(shù)

43、median中數(shù)common ratio公比7.數(shù)列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差數(shù)列g(shù)eometric progression(sequence)等比數(shù)列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)順時(shí)針?lè)较騝ardinal基數(shù)ordinal序數(shù) directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估計(jì)，近似parentheses括號(hào)proportion 比例permutation排列combination組合table表格trigonometric function三角函數(shù)unit單位,位幾何部分1.

44、所有的角alternate angle內(nèi)錯(cuò)角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle對(duì)頂角central angle圓心角interior angle內(nèi)角exterior angle外角supplement aryangles補(bǔ)角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle鄰角acute angle銳角obtuse angle鈍角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夾角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等邊三角形scalene triangle不等邊三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle內(nèi)接三角形3.有關(guān)收斂的平面圖形，除三角形外semicircle半圓concentric circles同心圓quadrilateral四邊形pentagon五邊形hexagon六邊形heptagon七邊形octagon八邊 形nonagon九邊形decagon十邊形polygon多邊形paral