1、商務(wù)英語翻譯1（第四版下）凌成德,1. John fell off his bike his father had bought for him and broke his leg. 約翰從父親給他買的自行車上摔了下來，把腿折斷了。 2. Once you are in, you wouldnt be allowed to get out. 進來了，就休想出去。 2. We have the pleasure of acknowledging the receipt of your letter dated Feb. 25, which tells us that you are very i

2、nterested in our leather shoes. But you think that the price we offered in Feb. 20 is on the high side, therefore we cannot conclude the transaction. 3月25日來函收到，得悉貴方對我方的皮鞋很感興趣，但認為我方2月20日報價偏高，無法成交。,第11講： 重復(fù)法,1. Repetition 重復(fù)法 重復(fù)法：為指代明確 為強調(diào)或夸張 為修辭生動 英譯漢時，英語承前省去或用其他詞代替的詞都要在譯文中重復(fù)出來。 重復(fù)法實質(zhì)上是一種增詞法。,A：為指代明確

3、 1、重復(fù)名詞。 1）重復(fù)主語或賓語名詞。 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我們必須分析問題，解決問題。 Progressive and democratic tendencies in ones thought often show themselves in ones speech. 某人思想上的進步傾向和民主傾向常在言語中表現(xiàn)出來。,2) 重復(fù)表語名詞。 The American invasion of Panama is not only the violation of their professed democracy but also

4、 of international law. 美國入侵巴拿馬不僅違反他們自己公開聲稱的民主主義，而且違反了國際法。 3）重復(fù)介詞前的名詞。 Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. 無知是羨慕的根源，又是恐懼的根源。,4）重復(fù)先行詞名詞(定語從句或同位語)。 He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the amount I needed. 他借給我一千美元，這筆錢正好夠我用。 He was left on a desolate island, where he s

5、tayed for as long as three months. 他被拋到一個荒島上，在那里他呆了三個月之久。（關(guān)系副詞） They considered John, a good musician. 他們考慮到了約翰， 他是一位優(yōu)秀的音樂家。,2、重復(fù)動詞 1）一個動詞連接多個賓語或表語時。 People forget your face first, then your name. 人們先忘記你的面貌，接著忘記你的名字。,2）動詞加介詞連接多個賓語（動省或動介都省時） （1）Then he spoke of economical reforms and open policy on t

6、rade, of stability and unity, and particularly of the four cardinal principles. 接著他談到了經(jīng)濟改革和貿(mào)易開放政策， 談到了安定團結(jié)，并特別談到了四項基本原則。 （2）FOB is suited to either importer or exporter, preferably the former. 船上交貨既適用于出口方，又適用于進口方，尤其是前者。,(3) Grammar deals with the structure of language, English grammar with the struc

7、ture of English, and French grammar with the structure of French, and so on. 語法是討論語言結(jié)構(gòu)的。英語語法討論英語的結(jié)構(gòu)，法語語法討論法語的結(jié)構(gòu)，等等。 (4) All living things depend on the sun for their growth, but man still specially on water and fire, besides the sun, for their existence. 萬物生長靠太陽，但是人類的生存，除靠太陽外，還特別靠水和火。,3、重復(fù)代詞 1）前指代詞一

8、般可被重復(fù) Exchange of ideas is necessary. For without it，it is impossible to achieve mutual understanding. 有必要進行思想交流，沒有思想交流，便不能達到相互了解。 But there are clues, and they seem to bear out my earlier suspicion. 但是還是有蛛絲馬跡可尋的；這些蛛絲馬跡看來足以證明我先前的懷疑是有根據(jù)的。,2）物主代詞：its, his, their etc. Big families have their own diffic

9、ulties. 大家庭有大家庭的困難。 3）強勢關(guān)系代詞或副詞：whoever, whenever, wherever etc. You may take whatever you like. 你喜歡什么，就拿什么。,4）some.and others (some, others.) = “的”字結(jié)構(gòu)或“有的-，有的-” Some are planting trees, others are watering flowers. 有的在種樹，有的在澆花。 (種樹的在種樹，澆花的在澆花。) 4、內(nèi)容上（非形式上）重復(fù)。,B、為了強調(diào)。 1、原文中有重復(fù)，譯文中重復(fù)。 Work while you

10、work, play while you play. 工作時工作，游玩時游玩。 Up, up went the plane. 飛機飛上去了，飛上去了。,We are human and human beings are far from perfect. To be human implies that we will make mistakes. But its more than that we feel human. We now feel entitled. 我們是凡人，而凡人遠非十全十美。作為凡人，意味著我們會犯錯誤。但我們覺得自己是凡人，不僅僅在于會犯錯誤而已。我們?nèi)缃窀械接袡?quán)利犯

11、錯誤。,2、對仗重復(fù)，譯文重復(fù)。 No pains, no gains. 無勞動，無收益。 To do or not to do？ 做還是不做？,3、原文中重復(fù)，譯文同義詞重復(fù)。 She loved giving orders to the servants and they loved obeying her. 她喜歡對仆人發(fā)號施令，他們也樂意聽從她的指揮。 During their stay in Beijing, they visited some old friends of theirs, visited several universities and visited the Gr

12、eat Wall 他們在北京逗留期間，看望了一些老朋友，參觀了幾所大學(xué)，還游覽了長城。,C、為了生動。 1、運用兩個同意或近義四字詞組重復(fù)。 Before he knows it, he have idled away so many years. 轉(zhuǎn)眼間，很多年就在他游游蕩蕩，無所事事中過去了。 Year in and year out, there has been no change at all. 年年歲歲，歲歲年年，萬物依舊。 年年歲歲，歲歲年年，人依舊，物依舊。,2、運用疊詞。 Talking and laughing, they walked together into the

13、house. 他們說說笑笑地一起進了屋。 You can meet all kinds of people there. 在那里，你會遇到形形色色的人。,3、運用對偶四字詞組。 We should never cherish unrealistic fancies about our careers. 我們對于自己的前程不應(yīng)有不切實際的胡思亂想。 He cannot be conceited with success not discouraged by failure. 他不會因成功而得意忘形，也不會因失敗而灰心喪氣。 tongue-tied 張口結(jié)舌 grim 冷酷無情 ignorant

14、愚昧無知,4、其他一些重復(fù)法。 Live or die, we shall be loyal to our country. 生也罷，死也罷，我們都要忠于我們的祖國。（增詞重復(fù)） Ill go, what shall I be afraid of ? 去就去，我怕什么？ （謂語動詞重復(fù)） Youll have enough to eat and sufficient to put on. What more will you think of? 要吃有吃，要穿有穿，還想要什么？ （謂語動詞重復(fù)）,商號的翻譯,商號（trade name） 主要是指商事主體所有的、在商事交易中使用的、具有明顯識別

15、價值的專有名稱。商號是一種無形資產(chǎn)。 從一家商號的名稱可以了解商家的一些信息，例如： Birmingham Food Products Limited: 公司經(jīng)營、注冊地：伯明翰 公司業(yè)務(wù)范圍：食品 公司性質(zhì)：有限公司,常見的英文商號名稱有以下三種： 1） 反映公司生產(chǎn)對象或經(jīng)營范圍，如： Phillips Petroleum Company 菲利普石油公司（美國） 2) 用普通名詞命名 Rain Bird International Inc. 雨鳥國際公司（美國),3) 與其產(chǎn)品名稱相同 Coca-Cola Enterprise Inc. 可口可樂企業(yè)公司,商號的翻譯 企業(yè)擁有一個好的名字會

16、產(chǎn)生一種無形的魅力。名字不單純是一個符號，其背后蘊藏著豐富的思想寓意、文化背景，是企業(yè)理想和實力的展現(xiàn)。成功的商號翻譯對企業(yè)來說往往至關(guān)重要，適當而妥帖的商號翻譯是企業(yè)開拓國際市場的有力工具。,1. 商號翻譯的原則 1）. 準確：要準確體現(xiàn)商號的原名，避免出現(xiàn)不同公司同名，或同一公司有不同譯名的情況。譯名盡可能地在音、義上與原名相近。如： Compaq Computer corporation 康柏電腦公司（美） 2). 簡潔而響亮：選詞盡可能簡潔并具有褒義或吉祥的意義，要做到上口、響亮，同時還要特別，具有美感，易于識別和傳播。 如： Procter now that contempt was

17、 no longer cordial. 長期以來，他的同僚們雖然看不起他，卻還是對他有些親切感；現(xiàn)在，除了看不起之外，親切感已沒有了。,3) And a growing minority of western intellectuals agreed. 越來越多的西方知識分子當時接受這種看法，雖然從數(shù)量上來說他們?nèi)允巧贁?shù)。 4) At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply. 現(xiàn)在，人們都傾向于采取不偏不倚的態(tài)度來回答問題，因為它安全，不招風(fēng)險。,5) He stalked a

18、way, but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast. 他傲然闊步地走開，但胸中疑慮不定，十分痛苦。（譯成詞組，構(gòu)成復(fù)謂語） 6) He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation. 他連連搖頭，眼睛睜得大大的，接著瞇成一條縫，怒不可遏。（譯成分句，英語并列句變成漢語多謂語簡單句）,7) American prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels and write censored

19、letters. 美國囚犯獲得允許接受紅十字會移送來的成包的食品，并且獲得允許寫信，但信是要經(jīng)過檢查的。 8) One problem in trying to discuss my reporting is its sheer volume. 我的報告篇幅特長，要對它進行討論，這就成了一個問題。,9）It will also have its own offices, associates or agents in the countries with which it trades, and a long experience of dealing with the many catego

20、ries of people involved in import and export. 他們在那些與他們進行貿(mào)易的國家中都設(shè)有自己的辦事處、聯(lián)號或者代理，并能與從事進出口業(yè)務(wù)的各類人打交道，經(jīng)驗堪稱豐富。,10) Would Britain and Italy be willing to match those rates and see their own economies plunge deeper into an already punishing recession? The answer turned out to be resounding no. 英國和意大利是否愿意相應(yīng)地

21、提高利率，而使自己已遭到衰退沉重打擊的經(jīng)濟跌入深淵呢？回答是“不愿意”，而且聲音洪亮，理直氣壯。,2. 單詞在句法結(jié)構(gòu)上的分譯 在英語句子中有一種情況，即修飾性詞語是作者的主觀評論，而被修飾的詞語是對事實的客觀描述。這種搭配關(guān)系不適合漢語的表達方式。需要將修飾詞從句子中拆出，另外擴展成單獨的子句。 1) We recognize that Chinas long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth. 我們認識到，中國的長期現(xiàn)代化計劃以發(fā)展經(jīng)濟為重點，這是可以理解

22、的，也是必要的。,2) They，not surprisingly，did not respond at all 他們根本沒有答復(fù)，這是不足為奇的。 3) That region was the most clearly identifiable trouble spot 那個地區(qū)是個麻煩的地方，這是大家都容易看得出來的。,4) Ordinarily, he would have been there three hours ago. 若照往常的情況，他早在三小時前就到那了。(變成條件復(fù)句) 5) Illogically, she had expected some kind of mirac

23、le solution. 她期望有某種奇跡般的解決辦法，這是違背邏輯的事。（譯成句子，全句變成并列復(fù)句）,3. 短語的分譯 1) They were at home in the home of their friends，moving confidently without fear 他們在朋友家里感到自在，行動時心里踏實，無憂無慮。 2) Shanghai, once the paradise for adventurers, is now the largest industrial base in china. 上海曾經(jīng)是冒險家的樂園，現(xiàn)在是中國最大的工業(yè)基地。,3) I wrote

24、four books in the first three years, a record never touched before. 我頭三年寫了四本書，打破了以往的記錄。 4) The military is forbidden to kill the vessel, a relatively easy task. 軍方被禁止擊毀這艘潛艇，雖然要擊毀它并不怎么費事。,5) He took a house on a lease of ten years. 他租了一棟房子，租期為十年。 6) In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrella of all

25、sizes and colors. 門口放著一堆雨傘，少說也有十二把，五顏六色，大小不一。,7) He was lying on his side watching her. 他側(cè)身躺著，雙眼注視著她。（譯成分句，成為復(fù)謂語句） 8) Overcome with surprise, she was unable to utter a word. 她驚呆了，一句話也說不出。（英單變漢復(fù)）,9) All the secretaries in the office like George, a nice capable bachelor. 喬治單身，正派而且能干，辦公室里沒有哪個秘書不喜歡他的。 1

26、0) Winston Churchill, Britains Prime Minister during the Second World War, died in 1965. 溫斯頓丘吉爾 死于1965年，他在二戰(zhàn)期間曾任英國首相。,11) With the sun down, night came on. 太陽西下，夜幕降臨。 12) The night was beautiful with the moon shining brightly. 皎潔的月光撒滿大地，夜晚分外迷人。,4. 句子的分譯: （1）句子中某一重要成分譯成一個句子 1) In 1921 his mothers dea

27、th was closely followed by that of his three-year-old daughter。 1921年，他的母親去世，緊接著他三歲的女兒也死去。 2) His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因為他沒有遵守安全規(guī)則，機器出了故障。,3) His irritation couldnt withstand the silent beauty of the night. 夜色寧靜，美景宜人，他的煩惱不禁煙消云散了。 4) The

28、society dismisses much of accepted modern thinking about the shape of the earth as sheer nonsense. 該協(xié)會否定現(xiàn)代關(guān)于地球形狀的公認看法，認為都是一派胡言。,5） There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met. 我訪問了一些地方，遇到了不少人。要談起來，奇妙的事可多著呢。,6）They both happened to have been the same age t

29、o the day. 他倆巧得很，同樣年紀，又同一天生。 7） He woke to surprise a thief in the room. 他醒來，忽然發(fā)現(xiàn)屋里有個賊。,9） Scientists issued reports on the severe climate changes that could result from the “greenhouse effect”. 科學(xué)家發(fā)表了一些關(guān)于嚴重氣候異常的報告，是“溫室效應(yīng)”導(dǎo)致了氣候異常。,（2）復(fù)雜長句分譯 順譯法：將原文意群拆開后按原文順序逐一翻譯出來。 1）These factors mean that importin

30、g and exporting are subject to a lot of formalities, such as customs entry and exchange control approval, from which the home retail and wholesale trades are free. 這些因素意味著進出口貿(mào)易受許多手續(xù)的牽制，諸如報關(guān)或外匯審批；而國內(nèi)的零售 及批發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)則不受此限制。,2) They have known that for a long time now in the industrial Mideast , where Japanes

31、e competition eviscerated the auto, steel and machine-tool industries. 在工業(yè)化的中西部，人們知道這一點為時已久。在那里，日本的競爭挫傷了汽車、鋼鐵和機械制造諸行業(yè)的元氣。,倒譯法：將原句按意群分開以后，逆序而上，自最后逐片進行翻譯。 3）Nakasone gives very sign of being sincere in his desire to reduce a Japanese surplus in trade with the U.S that hit 36.8 billion dollars in 1984

32、and could soon top 50 billion. 日本對美國貿(mào)易的順差在1984年達到368億美元，而且可能很快超過500億美元。中曾根要減少日本對美貿(mào)易順差的意愿從多方面講都表現(xiàn)得很有誠意。,4) His delegation welcomed the fact that UNDP was prepared to respond to emergency needs as they arose, despite the basically long-term operations that characterized those programmes. 盡管聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署的特點

33、是開展基本上比較長時期的業(yè)務(wù)活動，但是該機構(gòu)也作了應(yīng)急準備；對此，他的代表團表示歡迎。,半倒拆譯法：不完全按照原文的意群先后次序順譯或倒譯，而是根據(jù)漢語邏輯順序來翻譯。 5）For most individuals, small-company funds are the best and easiest way to invest in this risky sector where a few big scores offsets a lot of also-rans, making diversification especially important. 在股票交易這個高風(fēng)險的行當里，

34、即使許多地方失利，也會被一些贏利所抵消，這就使得投資多樣化顯得尤為重要。因此，對個人投資者來說，投資于小公司是最好、最便捷的途徑。,合譯,合譯法是將兩個或兩個以上的單詞，單句，復(fù)合句和并列句壓縮糅合在一起翻譯的情況，使其更符合漢語的洗練簡潔的特點，從而避免譯文的拖泥帶水和羅嗦的缺點。 合譯法是漢譯英時常用的方法。,兩個或兩個以上的單詞,She shook and trembled with fear. 她嚇得不停地發(fā)抖。,兩個或兩個以上的單句、并列句,1) He was very clean. His mind was open. 他為人單純而坦率。 2) The young man was

35、very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen. 這個年輕人很慘，已到了身無分文的地步，因為他所有的積蓄都被偷走了。,3) That was long ago. A very long time ago. Almost 30 years ago. 那是很久很久以前的事，將近30年了。 4) He would miss many things and many people. He would miss Helen. 他會想念許許多多往事和許許多多朋友，也會想念他的海倫.,5) Home aft

36、er ten years. Home. The word had meant so much to him. 家，闊別了十年的家，這個字對他來說多么重要啊。,6) Her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murder in the Second World War. 她的父親，二次世界大戰(zhàn)中的一個殺人兇手，竟當上了這個城市的市長。 7) She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill. 她回家去照料病重的丈夫。,8) They sat down in the waiting-room to