1、 連詞一.概念 連詞是用來(lái)連接詞,短語(yǔ),從句或句子的詞.連詞在句子不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子的成分。.二.知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講(按語(yǔ)法含義分類(lèi))a.并列連詞的用法：1.表示并列關(guān)系，有：and, bothand, not only but also和neithernor等1)and：和，并且A：基本用法：“and”表示 “和”、“并且”的意思，用來(lái)連接對(duì)等關(guān)系的字和字，片語(yǔ)和片語(yǔ)，句子和句子。I enjoy basketball , football and table tennis.The weather becomes colder and colder.B:特別用法：祁使句后連接and，有條件句作用，此時(shí)a

2、nd=if you,youll Go straight on, and youll see the library.=If you go straight on, you will see the library.2)bothand既也,(兩者)都A、bothand構(gòu)成的詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Both Jim and Kate are from England.B、bothand否定句表示部分否定。You cant speak both German and English.Both my father and my mother arent doctors.3)neithernor:

3、既不也不neithernor連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞靠近哪個(gè)主語(yǔ)就與哪個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持 “人稱(chēng)”和 “數(shù)”的一致，即采取就近原則。Neither I nor he has seen the play before.4)not onlybut also:不但而且not onlybut also連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也遵循就近原則。 Not only the mother but also the children are ill.2.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，有：but, however, yet, still，while等。Mary was a nice girl, but she had one sho

4、rtcoming.Tom got up early, yet he failed to catch the train.He was very tired, still he kept on walking.Your composition is fairly good, however, there is still someroom for improvement.Jane is hard working ,while her sister is quite lazy.3.表示選擇關(guān)系，有：or, eitheror,whether or等。1)or：或、否則A:基本用法or 表示 “或”

5、的意思，使用于兩者之中選擇一個(gè)的時(shí)候。-Is your friend English or American? -American.He doesnt like dumplings or noodles.B:特別用法祁使句后連接or ，表 “如果,否則”,有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思，此時(shí) or =if you dont ,youll Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.2)eitheror:或者或者; 不是就是；要么要么A. eitheror連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞靠近哪個(gè)主語(yǔ)就與哪個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持 “人稱(chēng)”和 “數(shù)”

6、的一致，即就近原則。 Either you or I am right. Does either she or they like English?B. 由eitheror引導(dǎo)的否定句是完全否定。She isnt either a student or a teacher.3)whetheror不管還是She is always cheerful, whether at home or at school.4.表示因果關(guān)系，有：for(因?yàn)?，so(所以)。He is not at school today, for he has a bad cold. It was late, so I w

7、ent home.b.從屬連詞的用法：1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，有：before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, as soon as等。After they had planted their crops, they took a rest.We have learned six lessons since he began to teach us.As soon as he gets to Beijing, hell call me.1) when, while, as 都表示“當(dāng)時(shí)”，when從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以是瞬間動(dòng)詞也可以是延續(xù)性

8、動(dòng)詞，可用于主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生。while從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，側(cè)重主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，多用于主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，強(qiáng)調(diào)“一邊一邊”。When I came in, my father was cooking.I came in when/while my father was cooking.He sang as he walked.2)until用法：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主從句都用肯定式，譯為“直到為止”；當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句用否定式，從句用肯定式，即not.until, 譯為“直到才”。Mr. Green wa

9、ited until his children came back.(格林先生一直等到他的孩子們回來(lái))Mr. Green didnt go to bed until his children came back. (格林先生直到他的孩子們回來(lái)才睡覺(jué))2. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，有：if(如果), unless(除非，如果不)等。If you dont go soon, youll be late.=Unless you go soon, youll be late.3.引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，有 because, as, since等。because“因?yàn)椤闭Z(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),回答why提問(wèn)時(shí)只能用because

10、，其引導(dǎo)的從句可放在句首或句末；as“由于”、since“既然”語(yǔ)氣不如because強(qiáng)，引導(dǎo)的從句常置于句首；for是并列連詞，語(yǔ)氣最弱，對(duì)前面分句加以解釋或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，其引導(dǎo)的分句常置于句末且用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。He didnt go to school because he was ill.As it was raining, we went there by bus.Since everybody is here, lets begin.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.注意： because與 so不能同時(shí)使用。8.引導(dǎo)

11、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，有：although/though(雖然，盡管), even though/if (即使)Although/ Though it is a very young country, it is very rich.Even if/ though you were here yesterday, you couldnt help him.注意：although/though 引導(dǎo)的從句不能與but連用，但可與yet, still連用。9.引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，有so that和in order that(以便，為了)等。The teacher spoke loudly so that /

12、in order that we could hear him clearly.10.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，有：so that(結(jié)果是)和so/suchthat(如此以至于)等。It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze.He got there so early that he got a good seat.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.11.引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句，有： asas(與一樣),not as/so as(不及，趕不上),和than(比)等。I know you

13、 better than she does. He works as carefully as she. I cant run as/so fast as you.12.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，有：that和 if/whether(是否)等。We know that the earth goes around the sun.(賓語(yǔ)從句)I wonder if he has received my e-mail. (賓語(yǔ)從句) 注意：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句是將來(lái)時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Ill go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.

14、中考模擬題：類(lèi)型一：考察并列連詞：1、I dont like reading watching TV. What about you? “I dont like reading all day, I like watching TV plays.”A.and, butBand, andCor, andDor, but2、We bought Granny a present, she didnt like it.A. butBandCorD.so3、He is only ten months. He can read write.AeitherorBneithernorCbothandDsoth

15、at4、She said she might come Saturday Sunday AneithernorBneitherorCtootoDsothat5、If Tom Mike asks for their car, tell him to come tomorrow.AorBandCwithDbut6、My shoes are worn out, I need new ones.AsoBifCbecauseDand答案：1-6：DABBAA類(lèi)型二：考察從屬連詞： 1、You wont know the value(價(jià)值) of the health you lose it.Auntil

16、BafterCwhenDbecause2、It was already ten oclock we got to the museum this morning.AthatBwhenCifDfor3、Its a long time we met last. AsoBafterCsinceDbefore4、Ill give her the message she comes back. AsinceBbeforeCuntilDas soon as5、 the teacher came into the classroom, many students were talking to each o

17、ther.AWhileBIfCSinceDWhen6、People often mistake us for each other we are twins.Aif BwhenCbecauseDafter7、Read the sentences slowly we can understand what you read.Aso thatBbeforeCuntilDbecause答案：1-7：ABCDDCA1.Oh,IfailedagainDontloseheart.Onemoreeffort,_youwillsucceed.A. sothatB.thereforeC.howeverD.and

18、2. _adifficultsituation,soyoushouldsendhimamessageandgivehimsomeadvice.A.AsheisinB.HeisinC.BeinginD.Hebeingin3. Shesaidshewouldworkitoutherself,_askmeforhelp.A.andnottoB.butnotC.andprefernotD.ratherthan4._enoughtime,butIcouldntdoitbetter.A.IwasgivenB.GivenC.TobegivenD.ThoughIwasgiven5.HowcanIwakeups

19、oearly?Setthealarmat5oclock,_youllmakeit.A.butB.orC.andD.so6.Forapersonwithreadinghabits,aprintedpagecontainsnotonlywords_ideas,thoughtsandfeelings.A.yetB.andC.orD.but7.Informationtechnologyistaughtinmostschools,_wehaveenteredtheinformationsociety.A.soB.whileC.stillD.for8.Englishisunderstoodallovert

20、heworld_TurkeyisspokenbyonlyafewpeopleoutsideTurkeyitself.A.whileB.whenC.ifD.as9.Iwasonthepointofgoingtobed_Mr.Zhangrang.A.asB.whenC.whileD.and10.Iaskedhimwhetherhehaddonealltheworkhimself_whetherhehadhadanyassistance.A.andB.butC.norD.or11.Insomecountries,_arecalled“publicschools”arenotownedbythepub

21、lic.A.whichB.asC.whatD.that12._happensintheworldmakesushappyandsadbyturns.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Whether13.Ireadaboutthisstoryinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which14.Oneofthemenpresentheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.whatC.thatD.thatwhat15._Ihadwalkedforsixhours,Iwa

22、stiredout.A.AfterB.BeforeC.WhenD.As16.Tommakeuphismindtogetaseatforthefootballmatch_itmeansstandinginaqueueallnight.A.asifB.asthoughC.evenifD.whatever17.Therooffell_hehadtimetodashintothehousetosavehisbaby.A.asB.afterC.untilD.before18.Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespec

23、iallytrue_itcomestoclassroomtests.A.asB.sinceC.whenD.after19.Ihavebeenkeepingthatphoto_Icanseeiteveryday,asitalwaysremindsmeofmycollegedays.A.whichB.whereC.whetherD.when20.Youmayborrowthisbook-_youpromisetogiveitback.A.incaseB.solongasC.asifD.evenif21._themangrewolder,helostinterestineverythingexcep

24、tgardening.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As22._youunderstandthisrule,youllhavenofurtherdifficulty.A.OnceB.UnlessC.AsD.Until23.Ihadnosoonergotbacktothekitchen_thedoor-bellrangloudenoughtowakethedead.A.whenB.thanC.asD.while24.Icriticizedhim,youknow,not_Ihatehimbut_Ilovehim.A.because;becauseB.because;forC.for;

25、becauseD.for;for25._hestudieshard,hewillneverpasstheexamination.A.IfB.UnlessC.EvenifD.Eventhough26.Sheworkedhard_everythingwouldbereadybythetimehecameback.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless27.Hewaited_thevolcanobecamequietandhewasabletoreturntwodayslater.A.whenB.beforeC.asD.until28.MayIgoandplayfootballw

26、ithDickthisafternoon,Dad?No,youcantgoout_yourworkisbeingdone.A.beforeB.untilC.asD.after29.AwarningnewsreportfromQatarannouncesthatagroupofIslamwillcontinuetokillAmericanswherevertheyare_theyleavetheArabworldforever.A.eventhoughB.incaseC.wheneverD.until30.IwassofamiliarwithherthatIrecognizedhervoice_

27、Ipickedupthephone.A.themomentB.afterC.beforeD.while1.D.考查“祈使句/名詞+and+陳述句”句型。句意為：“再努力點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)成功的”。2.B.so(因此)是并列連詞，引出一個(gè)表示結(jié)果的分句，前面應(yīng)是一個(gè)表示原因的分句，而無(wú)需再用連詞，排除A；C和D又不是句子，也錯(cuò)了。3.D.因?yàn)閞atherthan是對(duì)稱(chēng)連詞，意為“而不”()。4.A.因?yàn)閎ut是并列連詞，后面是個(gè)句子，前面也一定是個(gè)句子，而不是一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)或不定式短語(yǔ)，更不能再用連詞though，所以排除B、C和D。5.C.考查“祈使句+and+陳述句”句

28、型，意為“如果就”。雖然or也可用于此句型，但or是“否則、要不然”之意，如：Workhard,oryoullfail.(努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則就會(huì)不及格。)6.D.因?yàn)閚otonlybut(also)是固定搭配()。7.D.因?yàn)榫渲械牟⒘羞B詞for表示原因，是對(duì)前面分句所述內(nèi)容的解釋或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。8.A.因?yàn)榫渲械牟⒘羞B詞while表示“對(duì)比或相反”。9.B.因?yàn)榫渲械牟⒘羞B詞when=justatthattime,意為“這時(shí)(突然)”。10.D.因?yàn)橹挥衞r才能表示選擇，意為“(是)還是”。11.C。本題考查what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并在主語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。句意為“在許多國(guó)

29、家，所謂的“公立學(xué)?！辈⒎枪姄碛?。12.B。本題考查引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分，無(wú)意義，但不能省略。what除引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句外,還在從句中作成分。which指一定范圍內(nèi)的“哪一個(gè)”；whether意為“是否”。根據(jù)句意“世上的事喜憂(yōu)交替”可知答案為B()。13.D。該題考查賓語(yǔ)從句?？梢钥醋魇莇oesitmatterwhichbookitwas的省略。一定注意此題受母語(yǔ)干擾，很容易錯(cuò)選答案為A。只要抓住題干前一句Ireadaboutthisstoryinsomebookorother的提示，就可知道是指一定范圍內(nèi)的“哪一個(gè)”，故答案為D。14.D。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句；whatthebooksaid是同位語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)。15.A。本題考查以after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“在之后”。句